Ecosystems and Living Resources of the Baltic Sea: Their assessment and management

Abstract

Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Evolution of the Baltic Sea -- 1.1 Development of the Baltic Sea After the Last Ice Age -- 1.2 Formation of Biota in the Baltic Sea -- References -- Chapter 2: Abiotic Conditions in the Contemporary Baltic Sea -- 2.1 Water Balance -- 2.2 Water Salinity -- 2.2.1 The Role of Currents -- 2.2.2 Vertical Mixing of Water Layers -- 2.3 Water Temperature -- 2.4 Oxygen Conditions -- 2.5 Light Conditions -- 2.6 Natural Regional System of the Baltic Sea -- 2.6.1 Macro-regions -- 2.6.2 Regions and Subregions -- References -- Chapter 3: Life in the Baltic Sea -- 3.1 Salinity-Induced Ecophysiological Problems of Organisms in the Baltic Sea -- 3.2 Multitude of Ecosystems -- 3.3 Living Organisms -- 3.4 Vegetation and Primary Production -- 3.5 Bottom Vegetation -- 3.6 Heterotrophic Microorganisms -- 3.7 Zooplankton -- 3.8 Zoobenthos -- 3.9 Fish -- 3.9.1 Marine Pelagic Fish -- 3.9.1.1 Baltic Herring Clupea harengus membras L. -- 3.9.1.2 Spring Spawning Herring Clupea harengus membras L. -- 3.9.1.3 Autumn Spawning Herring Clupea harengus membras L. -- 3.9.1.4 Baltic Sprat Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schn.) -- 3.9.2 Marine Demersal Fish -- 3.9.2.1 Baltic Cod Gadus morhua callarias (L.) -- 3.9.2.2 Flounder Platichthys flesus trachurus (Duncker) -- 3.9.2.3 Plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. -- 3.9.2.4 Dab Limanda limanda (L.) -- 3.9.2.5 Turbot Psetta maxima (L.) -- 3.9.3 Diadromous Fish -- 3.9.3.1 Salmon Salmo salar L. -- 3.9.3.2 Sea Trout Salmo trutta L. -- 3.9.3.3 European Whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) s. l. -- 3.9.3.4 Vendace Coregonus albula (L.) -- 3.9.3.5 Eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) -- 3.9.3.6 Garfish Belone belone (L.) -- 3.9.3.7 River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) -- 3.9.4 Freshwater Fish -- 3.9.4.1 Perch Perca fluviatilis L. -- 3.9.4.2 Pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L) -- 3.9.4.3 Pike Esox lucius L