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Abstract
Zusammenfassung: During the long eighteenth century, Europe's travelers, scholars, and intellectuals looked to Asia in a spirit of puzzlement, irony, and openness. In this panoramic and colorful book, Jürgen Osterhammel tells the story of the European Enlightenment's nuanced encounter with the great civilizations of the East, from the Ottoman Empire and India to China and Japan. Here is the acclaimed book that challenges the notion that Europe's formative engagement with the non-European world was invariably marred by an imperial gaze and presumptions of Western superiority. Osterhammel shows how major figures such as Leibniz, Voltaire, Gibbon, and Hegel took a keen interest in Asian culture and history, and introduces lesser-known scientific travelers, colonial administrators, Jesuit missionaries, and adventurers who returned home from Asia bearing manuscripts in many exotic languages, huge collections of ethnographic data, and stories that sometimes defied belief. Osterhammel brings the sights and sounds of this tumultuous age vividly to life, from the salons of Paris and the lecture halls of Edinburgh to the deserts of Arabia, the steppes of Siberia, and the sumptuous courts of Asian princes. He demonstrates how Europe discovered its own identity anew by measuring itself against its more senior continent, and how it was only toward the end of this period that cruder forms of Eurocentrism--and condescension toward Asia―prevailed
Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- I. Introduction: Looking to the East -- Asia's "Decline"-Europe's Arrogance -- The Great Map of Mankind -- The Power of Discourse, the Burden of Learning -- Sensing and Constructing Difference -- Spaces -- Epochs -- PATHWAYS OF KNOWLEDGE -- II. Asia and Europe: Borders, Hierarchies, Equilibria -- Asia and Europe in the Tsarist Empire -- The Ottoman Empire: European Great Power or Barbarian at the Gates? -- Asia: The Preeminent Continent? -- Character and Encyclopedia -- European Primacy and Provincialism -- III. Changing Perspectives -- Cultural Transfer and Colonialism -- Theories of Ethnocentrism -- Competition and Comparison -- Discursive Justice -- Chinese Interviews, Indian Letters -- Niebuhr's Monkey -- IV. Traveling -- Sir John Malcolm's Dinner Party -- A Weeping Mandarin -- Sea and Land -- East Asia: Walled Empires -- South Asia and Southeast Asia: Porous Borders -- The Near East: A Pilgrimage to Antiquity -- Adventurers and Renegades -- Scholars and Administrators -- V. Encounters -- Ordeals, Disappointments, Catastrophes -- The Mysterious Mister Manning -- Interpreters and Dialogues -- Language Barriers -- Mimesis and Deception -- A Sociology of Perception -- VI. Eyewitnesses-Earwitnesses: Experiencing Asia -- Giants and Unicorns -- Prejudices and Preconceptions -- Autopsy -- Before the Tribunal of Philosophy -- Methods of the Inquisitive Class -- Hearing and Hearsay -- Local Knowledge: Asiatic Scholarship in European Texts -- VII. Reporting, Editing, Reading: From Lived Experience to Printed Text -- The Travel Account as a Tool of Inquiry -- Style and Truth -- Anthologies, Collages, Mega-Narratives -- The Task of the Translator -- Topicality and Canonicity -- Traces of Reading -- Arts of Reading -- Fractured Representation -- THE PRESENT AND THE PAST
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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- I. introduction: Looking to the East -- PATHWAYS OF KNOWLEDGE -- II. Asia and Europe: Borders, Hierarchies, Equilibria -- III. Changing Perspectives -- IV. Traveling -- V. Encounters -- VI. Eyewitnesses-Earwitnesses: Experiencing Asia -- VII. Reporting, Editing, Reading: From Lived Experience to Printed Text -- THE PRESENT AND THE PAST -- VIII. The Raw Forces of History. Apocalyptic Horsemen, Conquerors, Usurpers -- IX. Savages and Barbarians -- X. Real and Unreal Despots -- XI. Societies -- XII. Women -- XIII. Into a New Age: The Rise of Eurocentrism -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index
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