The Enduring Legacy: Structured Inequality in America's Public Schools

A struggle between forces -- An ambiguous philosophical root -- Growing democratic values -- The evolution from common school to public school -- American exceptionalism -- What is the profession of a woman? -- A plan for inclusion -- The Committee of Ten and The cardinal principles -- A particular solution for a specific problem -- Social Darwinism as justification -- White superiority via pseudo empiricism -- Assimilation via Americanism in the classroom -- Personification of duality : Cubberley's life and legacy -- Cubberley's hierarchy -- Structured inequality via perceived ability grouping -- Tracking and segregation endure -- The cycle of segregation, desegregation, and resegregation -- Structured inequality : from political strategy to pedagogical practice -- Courts and the persistence of structured inequality -- The court and "race neutral" diversity -- The Southern strategy -- LBJ : integrate and get funding or stay segregated and get nothing -- Political ambiguity on integration -- Nixon's rise bolstered by the Southern strategy -- Nixon's ambiguity on integration and the courts -- Ford continues Nixonian states' rights policies -- Jimmy Carter, a son of the South, disrupts the Southern strategy -- Reagan nullifies LBJ'S integration legacy via the Southern strategy -- Reagan reverses policies against race discrimination -- Reagan : busing to desegregate : waste of time and public money -- George Herbert Walker Bush and an evolving Southern strategy -- Southern ticket of Clinton and Gore wins as resegregation persists -- Bill Clinton's recognition of resegregation in the 1990s -- George W. Bush follows Reagan's policies as racial isolation builds -- Obama defeats Southern strategy even as school resegregation increases -- Trump triumphant and the spread of the Southern strategy -- From LBJ to Trump : segregation to desegregation to resegregation -- Desegregation of public schools in the twenty-first century -- The pedagogic case for racial integration -- The cognitive benefits of a diverse learning environment -- Affective benefits of a diverse learning environment -- Paradox of segregation and the negligence of scholars -- Solution sets to desegregation in the 2020s -- Vital role of schools and colleges of education -- Gender as a marker of difference -- Culturally relevant teaching and learning -- Dual paradigm of onsite and online -- Hybrid model plus service learning -- Final thoughts.