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Abstract
The major Communist parties in Western Europe claim a commitment to a "democratic road to socialism." Often this is a genuine evolution of traditional Marxist/Leninist ideology based on the assumption that political and economic power can be obtained through gradual change rather than revolution and through the utilization of democratic processes. How well is this strategy working? Not very well, concludes the author of this book. Carl Boggs bases his analysis on a theoretical assessment of the historical and strategic development of Eurocommunism -- of those par ties and movements (notably in France, Italy, and Spain) that seek a transition to socialism based on the democratization of existing political and economic structures (the so-called parliamentary road to socialism). After examining the logic and premises of this conception, he moves to a critique of the major Eurocommunist theoreticians--e. g., Togliatti, Berlinguer, Ingrao, Napolitano, Carrillo, Marchais, Elleinstein, Poulantzas, and Claudin. He concludes that their ideas fail to resolve the historic Marxist conflict between democratization and rationalization (understood here in terms of the drive toward statism, bureaucratization, and further refinement of the social division of labor under capitalism). In fact, says Dr. Boggs, Eurocommunism will probably represent a sort of historical resolution of legitimation and production crises within Mediterranean capitalism that extends rather than overturns hierarchical social and authority relations, the capitalist state, and the social division of labor. Such a resolution might broadly parallel the function of social democracy in Northern Europe in a previous phase of capitalist development.
Cover -- Half Title -- About the Book and Author -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: Marxism, Democracy, and Eurocommunism -- The Historical Break -- Four Marxist Strategies -- Democracy or Statism? -- The Rise of Eurocommunism -- 2 Beyond Vanguardism: The "Third Road" Strategy -- The Eclipse of the Leninist Party -- The Departure from Past Myths -- A Mediterranean Structural Reformism -- The Politics of the Transition -- 3 The PCI: A Party of Modernization? -- Capitalism and Rationalization -- Crisis, Immobilism, and Opposition -- The PCI's Rationalizing Ideology -- New Strategic Dilemmas -- An Economistic Model -- 4 The Limits of Structural Reformism -- Legitimation and the State -- Class Struggle or Corporatism? -- The Logic of Institutionalization -- A Party of a New Type -- What Kind of Democracy? -- 5 A Return to Social Democracy? -- Two Converging Traditions -- Eurocommunism, Crisis, and Transition -- Epilogue: Gramsci and Eurocommunism -- From Gramsci to Berlinguer -- Gramscian Strategy and the State -- Enter Togliatti -- Structural Reformism or Socialism? -- Notes -- Index.
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