Suchergebnisse

This article addresses two unresolved issues in studying organizational efficiency: first, the problem of evaluating organizations; second, the problems involved in investigating the interrelationships of efficiency, structure and organizational environments. We argue that answering these questions requires careful consideration of the divergent interests of various organizational constituencies. Also, an analysis of the second question requires the use of dynamic models that have just recently appeared in the literature.

How does democracy affect social services? Theory argues competitive elections create incentives for politicians to provide broad-based public goods. Quantitative research finds democracy increases spending, but has little or no impact on education & health outcomes, after appropriate controls are introduced. Not only money, but also equitable & efficient allocation & institutional reforms are crucial for better results. However, case studies suggest that democratic politics generate weak or negative incentives for politicians to promote reforms. When they do so, it is rarely because of electoral pressures. Democracy's impact on social services is much more complex, contingent, & nuanced than recent theorizing suggests. Adapted from the source document.