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The article is devoted to the analysis of the term razlichiye functioning in the first Slavic grammars. The research is based on the data contained in the works of Laurentiy Zizaniy and Meletius Smotrytsky, as well as in some later grammatical descriptions. On the basis of etymological, motivational and orienting analyzes, the ratio of denotative and significative components in the structure of the term, which in the first native grammars functioned as razlichiye, was identified. The review of theoretical research papers on the issue is introduced. The variability of the term usage resulting from the studied exponent signification and denotation ambiguity has been revealed. At the opening phase of the formation of grammatical terminology, reflected in the grammars of the Church Slavonic language in the 16 th – 17 th centuries the linguistic personality of grammarians, the cultural context of the era are proved to play an important role. The authors conclude that introducing the term razlichiye in the description of the Church Slavonic grammatical structure was the first step towards understanding the relational meaning of flexion as a morpheme. A comparative analysis of the term and its equivalents functioning in the grammars of ancient Greek, Latin, and Slavic languages has been performed. It was found that the interpretation of the medieval understanding of the term razlichiye as one of the parts of speech is recognized by the majority of modern researchers, but different assumptions are made about the significative and denotative correlation of the term (indicative-relative pronouns or articles). It is assumed that the signification of the term razlichiye in its modern interpretation can be explained as follows: it is a rudimentary inflectional category of syncretic (part-of-speech-and-affixal) nature, embodied in the forms of pronouns i, ja, e. The denotation of the term razlichiye is a transitional phenomenon between the realities corresponding to a definite article, an indicative-relative pronoun and an inflection.

This article evaluates the book dedicated to the work of Nikolai Korolkov. The authors of the review point out the necessity to expand the database of the sources with the help of the Moscow archives, they also suggest that the references to many available sources could help create a more holistic impression of the personality of the writer. Thus, the review of the work The city of roofs, deposited in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, has not been mentioned. The same archive holds other documents relevant for this topic. Since Saratov Association of Proletariat Writers (SAPP) was not validated in 1924 due to the lack of charter, the filing documents of its members are in Moscow, in the place where the funds of the principal organization – All-Union Association of Proletariat Writers (VAPP) – are deposited. The record card of the VAPP member was not used, although it could have helped to compile a more thorough biographical reference about the writer, since the record cards of this type always contained profession and the place of work or study of the member of the organization. The bibliography does not mention the already arranged chronicle of SAPP activity, the works of P. A. Bugaenko, A. K. Zhuikova, A. A. Demchenko, I. Yu. Ivanyushina, E. G. Elina, A. N. Donin and many others are not touched upon either. The most recent article by A. S. Kasovich is not cited (2022). Nevertheless, it is highlighted that the authors have delivered significant material for further research. Saratov school of philology is urged to render bibliographic help to the authors for the comprehensive augmentation of knowledge.

In this article the position of a woman in a peasant family and her social status is analyzed. The influence of gender and age on the place of peasant women in society is considered. The following factors that influence attitudes towards women are studied: the welfare of her family and the size of her dowry, her husband's place in the patriarchal environment (heir, younger son, etc.), and a woman's personal qualities (her skills, abilities, character, upbringing, literacy level, etc.). It is pointed out that the subordinate position of women was fixed not only by the patriarchal nature of society and its mentality, but also by legal acts. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the social processes taking place in Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries contributed to the gradual emancipation of women and strengthening of their role in society.

This article represents an example of a non-Western study into the public perception of the mass media's role during the coronavirus pandemic in Bangladesh, which is of particular importance given the global environment of a high level of informational uncertainty and health risk that is equally applicable to countries around the world. Quantitative research methodology was used to gather perceptions of citizens across the country on the role and performance of the mass media's coverage of the coronavirus pandemic. The responses gathered demonstrated that the pandemic generated an increased demand for news and information on the virus, which was used as a means of attempting to reduce personal risk and harm. In this time of an increased demand for information, respondents tended to perceive the information that they received from mainstream media news sources as being credible and rated media performance positively. This final observation is seemingly bucking the general global trend of decreased public trust in news media sources.

The purpose of the study is to highlight the ethnocultural role of the El Oiyn holiday as a symbol that has semantic meanings that are important while constructing the image of the Altai Republic. The relevance of the topic is manifested in the fact that, thanks to the established tradition to celebrate the event together with another important event or an anniversary date, El Oiyn 2022 is dedicated to the Year of the Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of Russia and the 100th anniversary of the Oirot Autonomous Region creation. The source database of the study which includes field materials, documentation, information from the regional press, and the Internet, made it possible to conclude that "society and government materialize memory" through the creation of museum expositions, book and photo exhibitions, holidays and festivals dedicated to the date of the Oirot autonomy formation, renamed the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region in 1948. It is revealed that the national holiday El Oiyn has acquired the features of a cultural event, has become a kind of statement in the cultural and sports spheres. Due to the tourist popularity of Altai, the El Oiyn holiday is becoming focused on the commercial needs of the leisure industry. The image of the Republic of Altai is manifested in the demonstration of the El Oiyn holiday as an ethnocultural symbol, but therefore the born folk meaning of the first holidays is lost. The experience of holding the El Oiyn holiday allows us to conclude that the Altai national holiday is held not only at the level of an official event but acts as a form of self-expression of the Altaians' modern ethnic culture. The characteristic of the ritual practice to honor the natural environment of the Altai-deity, carried out by the elders in the morning on the opening day of the El Oiyn holiday, is also given. Presented a review of documents, namely regional laws, adopted in connection with the organizing problems, they consider the traditional symbolism of honoring the Altai nature while determining the place and date of the event, which has acquired national significance and acts as an interregional holiday attracting folklore groups and amateur athletes from neighboring regions. The El Oiyn holiday is not an exclusively Altai phenomenon, but one of the forms of transition from the culture of the past to a new ethnic culture.

The article considers the strategic goals and main objectives of the Russian oil and gas industry development in the context of large-scale foreign economic challenges and slowdown in the growth of newly discovered deposit occurrences. It is revealed that the innovative transformation of its technological base is an increasingly urgent task to improve the competitiveness of the Russian fuel and energy complex. This is determined by a significant increase in the share of hydrocarbon fields with depleted and hard-to-recover reserves. The use of modern technologies based on innovative methods of oil recovery enhancement is suggested as one of the promising directions of maintaining the required level of oil production. As the research subject the organiza-tion and management of technological innovation implementation at oil and gas producing enterprises are singled out. The study allows offering a well-founded approach to the implementation of projects of innovative transformation of oil production technology by oil producing enterprises. As a result, the authors show the pecu-liarities and strategic objectives of the Russian oil and gas industry development in modern conditions; sub-stantiate the necessity of active use of innovative methods to increase oil recovery at fields with depleted and hard-to-recover reserves; propose an algorithmic model of target planning and management of innovative transformation of the technological process of oil production using tertiary methods.

In this paper we conduct an analysis of the critical narratives of Stardew Valley and compare them to other relevant videogames in order to develop new possibilities for an ecological critique of capitalist extractive econo­mies. Critical narratives of this game are aimed primarily at the alienating conditions of labour and deeply devastating modes of production under capitalism that impact and severely damage the environment. Analysing these narratives, we superimpose the immediate messages of the game with the procedural rhetoric and material conditions of their existence. Over the course of our analysis, we highlight a material-narrative disso­nance which, in the case of Stardew Valley, fails to function as a commu­nicative strategy of the game and remains its mere external contradiction. Although the game's critical narrative may seem overly utopian and its political imaginary a bit underdeveloped, the game elaborates on concrete ways to tackle the alienation of labour and resolve the ecological crisis. In addition to this, the paper covers the history of the interplay between the video game industry and the field of global ecological crisis research. We compare the attempts to raise awareness of the videogames' own material­ity that preceded Stardew Valley. We conclude that Stardew Valley utilises the language of sustainable co-existence and wasteless local production, expanding this logic both to the sphere of labour and the spectrum of en­vironmental problems. In the case of ecological critique, some gameplay decisions in Stardew Valley enable us to come up with new strategies aimed at creating critical narratives about the environment in videogames. Thus supplementing Stardew Valley's findings with critical tropes derived from other games (mainly, Rain World), we were able to gather a set of theoretical instruments that could facilitate the creation of games about ecosystems. Following Donna Haraway's emphasis on the crucial role of narrative fram­ing ("it matters which stories tell stories"), we highlight new opportunities for the entire medium of videogames.

The article examines the historical types of public self-government of citizens at the place of residence, which developed in the first half of the XX century in our country. In the process of development of territorial self-government, two periods are distinguished: from 1914 to 1921 and from 1921 to 1937. The first of them is characterized by a model of self-organization of residents, which was implemented in house committees and new social movements of workers. The created structures did not deal with policy issues, they were responsible for the problems of regulating the relationship between the owner and the tenant, exploiting tenants' joint prop-erty, assistance to city self-government in the implementation of municipal tasks and, in some periods, the dis-tribution of ration cards among members. The model of residents' self-governance emphasized in the second phase was represented by housing associations and various public committees. They remained in charge of the maintenance and operation of houses with maximum involvement of citizens in the process of control and management of the housing.