Suchergebnisse

Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) creates the largest waste stream in the European Union. They consist of a heterogeneous mix of different components and constitute large amounts of waste which are often hazardous. Although some CDW is sent for recycling after the stripping and the demolishing of the building, a bigger share of the recovered CDW is restricted to low-value applications. It is widely accepted that reliable strategies and innovative technologies need to be developed to increase the share of CDW‑derived materials in new residential constructions while simultaneously minimizing future CDW. Moreover, awareness and understanding the high value of CDW derived materials should be reached to improve building energy efficiency. The aim of the research is to evaluate the level of awareness and attitude towards CDW among Latvian construction companies. It was found out that Latvian construction business community has a positive attitude to waste management activities, and understands its importance in sustainable development

2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the Department of Political Governance of St. Petersburg State University. During the existence of the department, the scientific activity of its employees and graduate students led to the formation of the St. Petersburg scientific school of the theory of public governance and policy. The article describes the main thematic and theoretical issues that are in the field of research interests of the school's participants. A number of challenges that public policy and governance face in the context of growing diversity, mobility and uncertainty of social development are noted. The role of historical traditions in studying public administration at St. Petersburg University is emphasized. The main ideas, notions and concepts developed by the school's participants are revealed: the concept of a coordinating state, the development of the theory of administrative and political networks, the principle of cooperation, a cognitive approach to public administration, the theory of public governability and the formation of institutional for- mats of digital governance. It is highlighted that the development of governance research was based on the formation of scientific cooperation networks and financial support from a number of national foundations.

The purpose of writing a research paper is to substantiate and test specific methods for diagnosing the ethnopolitical situation in a geopolitically significant region of the Russian Federation, taking into account the impact of the most complex foreign policy challenges and global turbulence. On the basis of the riskological paradigm and conflictological diagnostics, the factors causing the danger of escalation of regional tension in the subjects of the Southern Federal District are identified on the materials of the Krasnodar Territory. The research project analyzes the changing vectors of socio-political relations, the causes of regional conflict and their impact on the processes of constructing socio-political identities, with an emphasis on the specifics of interethnic and interfaith relations among young people. The conflictological diagnostics of a number of new factors causing risks of aggravation of ethnic contradictions and regional destabilization is carried out.

Introduction. The article examines traditional and recent factors that affect the situation in the geopolitically significant southern Russian region. The reasons for the actualization of socio-political and ethno-confessional conflicts are considered as factors of possible regional destabilization. Methods and materials. Conflictological diagnostics of the regional tension dynamics, as well as the nature and features of situational and long-term risks to regional security and socio-political stability in the South of Russia are based on factor analysis of Rostov region, Krasnodar Krai, and the Republic of Adygea materials. Analysis. By analyzing the statistics, the authors has revealed the presence of such negative processes in these regions as a decrease in the standard of living, a sharp increase in the unemployment rate, an increase in corruption and crime rates, population decrease, which is provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic – the newest factor of regional tension. Results. It is concluded that socio-economic problems against the background of a pandemic crisis may adversely affect the nature of interethnic and interfaith relations. Competition in the labor market, deterioration of the criminal situation, and uncontrolled migration can be considered as factors of conflict. According to the results of the study, it was found that the destabilization factors of the Rostov region regional situation have an endogenous character: demographic (population decrease), economic (deterioration in the socio-economic situation of the population), growth of protest activity and destructive content in the media. For Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea, exogenous factors of regional tension remain relevant: there is a high level of external migration for the region. Authors' contribution.The contribution of M.V. Tarasova in writing the article is to form the research logic, develop methodology and tools, and analyze statistical information in Rostov region. The analysis of the regional situation in Krasnodar Krai and Rostov region was carried out by I.V. Yurchenko, and M.V. Dontsova.

The final article is a consideration of democracy at the stage of a mature state, which already acts as an organ-ic form of political organization of a particular society, without which the given society itself cannot exist in prin-ciple. The key process of this stage of domestic political genesis is the growth of bureaucracy, which at the pre-sent stage acts as both the thesis and antithesis of social development to a comparable extent. Bureaucratiza-tion, going beyond the framework of management structures, penetrates deeply into other spheres, largely modifying their essential meaning and subordinating all new social segments to its logic. This is reflected in the forms of democracy that come under the pressure of administrative paperwork. At the same time, democracy manifests itself in forms largely determined not only by the political, but also by the social and cultural envi-ronment. Being a reaction to a power vacuum, people's power is formed under the influence of cultural-ideological or power tendencies, and its implementation can lead to ambiguous consequences, including so-cial chaotization.

The article presents the second part of the work on the historiosophical vision of Russian democracy. Based on the concept of stages of state genesis by L. Grinin, the authors analyze domestic manifestations of democracy at the stages of an early and developed state. Despite the fact that in the conditions of the early state the high-est authority had very superficial control over social processes, already in the Kievan period there was a clear tendency for the leading political subjectivity to transition to princely power. In subjective terms, the popular consciousness preferred the figure of a charismatic and militarily successful prince. Expressions of the peo-ple's will often had an ochlocratic meaning, taking the form of a mass emotional outburst with ambiguous final results. At the stage of a developed state, internal political centralization adjusted the tasks of the highest au-thorities, giving them a mobilization meaning. At the same time, the general trend is that expanding state struc-tures are conducting a successful attack on the autonomy of stable institutions of democracy, at first widely us-ing tactics of maneuvering and compromise, and then preferring harsh suppression. At the same time, a num-ber of phenomena of democracy turned out to be a reaction either to the complete vacuum of the central gov-ernment (the Time of Troubles), or, conversely, to the growing pressure of the latter. At the same time, grass-roots expression of will could occur spontaneously, acquiring an ochlocratic meaning (urban riots); and acquire more organized forms of socio-political movements.

The article represents the first part of the planned work on the historiosophical consideration of domestic de-mocracy. It reflects the methodological issues concerning the definition of this concept, as well as the general specific features of the Russian political genesis, the component of which is the democracy. The authors ad-here to an expanded interpretation of democracy, seeing here as the key criterion the weight of the initiative of the grassroots – in fact, it acts as a basic circumstance, albeit intertwined in some cases with the initiatives of the central government. The three most common forms of democracy are stated: corporate, local government and social movements. Domestic political genesis is characterized by the distancing of the supreme power from grassroots initiatives, which is largely due to a number of objective factors: natural-geographical, geopolit-ical, diffuse and the factor of intra-elite contradictions, which initiates competition in Russian history between two models of political order: polycentric and monocentric.