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Social scientists have tended to rely solely on the index of dissimilarity as a measure of segregation, without questioning what precise aspect of segregation is measured by this index. A recent paper by Lieberson and Carter has argued the merits of a less commonly used class of measures of pa interaction probabilities to tap an aspect of segregation not reflected by the index of dissimilarity. Standardizing these interaction probabilities by the proportion of minority/majority group members in the population yields yet a third class of measures, of which the best known is the correlation ratio or eta2. We argue that these three kinds of measures reflect conceptually distinct aspects of racial residential segregation. We analyze the relationships among the three and demonstrate with both simulated and real data that the results of empirical studies will depend on the measure chosen.

A 1981 follow-up of Rs to a 1971/72 high school survey revealed sex differences in the relative deviance & drug involvement of original Rs who were subsequently lost to the panel (N = 237 of the original 1,333). As expected, men who were reinterviewed were less deviant than those not interviewed, while the opposite was observed among women; specification by race indicates that the F pattern applies especially to nonwhites. The paradoxical finding for Fs may result from changing marital status in that particular period of the life cycle & an inverse relationship between delinquency & marriage. 3 Tables, 13 References. Modified AA.

SIM ECO SOC, Simulated Economic Societies, is a non-computerized simulation which replicates a mass, modern, industrialized society existing, sequentially, under three economic systems-- mixed, collective, and free market. Included in the model are farms, big and small businesses, advertising agencies, insurance agencies, a labor union, a government, two political parties, law enforcement officers, a charity organization, a hospital, and the mass media. Also part of the game's design are modern societal problems, such as drug abuse, crime, poverty, malnutrition, and social protest movements.

Originally published in 1901 (except the last two chapters) with title: Thirty years in Washington . ; Title vignette. ; Mode of access: Internet.

AbstractThis study of Shanghai analyzes the city's emerging patterns of residential settlement in 2010. Most previous research on China focused on central city patterns, but by 2010 urban development in major metropolitan areas was taking place predominantly in the suburbs. The analysis re‐examines and extends previous studies of the level of segregation by various key population characteristics, showing that the highest segregation is found in the suburban ring, where original villager residents are now joined by an influx of migrants from other regions and by intracity movers. We probe the sources of the segregation pattern in multivariate analyses at two scales—an innovative analysis at the level of individuals that shows how people's citizenship status, occupation and education affect the type of housing that they are able to live in, and jointly contribute to their location in the metropolitan area. We show that the patterns attributable to the market reform period mostly did not supplant the socialist urban structure, but rather used it as its foundation. Segregation today can be attributed less to current class inequality than to state policies in the distant and recent past that have determined when, where and for whom housing is built.

AbstractHurricanes pose a continuing hazard to populations in coastal regions. This study estimates the impact of hurricanes on population change in the years 1970–2005 in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. Geophysical models are used to construct a unique data set that simulates the spatial extent and intensity of wind damage and storm surge from the 32 hurricanes that struck the region in this period. Multivariate spatial time-series models are used to estimate the impacts of hurricanes on population change. Population growth is found to be reduced significantly for up to three successive years after counties experience wind damage, particularly at higher levels of damage. Storm surge is associated with reduced population growth in the year after the hurricane. Model extensions show that change in the white and young adult population is more immediately and strongly affected than is change for blacks and elderly residents. Negative effects on population are stronger in counties with lower poverty rates. The differentiated impact of hurricanes on different population groups is interpreted as segmented withdrawal—a form of segmented resilience in which advantaged population groups are more likely to move out of or avoid moving into harm's way while socially vulnerable groups have fewer choices.

Persistent school segregation means not only that children of different racial and ethnic backgrounds attend different schools but also that their schools are unequal in performance. This study documents the extent of disparities nationally in school performance between schools attended by whites and Asians compared with those attended by blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans. It further examines the geography of school inequality in two ways. First, it analyzes the segregation of students between different types of school profiles based on racial composition, poverty, and metropolitan location. Second, it estimates the independent effects of these and other school and school district characteristics on school performance, identifying which aspects of school segregation are the most important sources of disadvantage. A focus on schools at the bottom of the distribution, as in No Schools Left Behind, would not ameliorate wide disparities between groups that are found across the whole spectrum of school performance.

Becoming a citizen is a component of a larger process of immigrant incorporation into U.S. society. It is most often treated as an individual-level choice, associated with such personal characteristics as the duration of residence in the U.S., age, education, and language acquisition. This study uses microdata from Census 2000 in conjunction with other measures to examine aspects of the community and policy context that influence the choices made by individuals. The results confirm previous research on the effects of individual-level characteristics on attaining citizenship. There is also strong evidence of collective influences: both the varied political histories of immigrant groups in their home country and the political and community environment that they encounter in the U.S. have significant impacts on their propensity of naturalization.

This study uses national survey data in federal election years during 1996-2004 to examine voter registration and voting. It shows that racial/ethnic disparities in socio-economic resources and rootedness in the community do not explain overall group differences in electoral participation. It contradicts the expectation from an assimilation perspective that low levels of Latino participation are partly attributable to the large share of immigrants among Latinos. In fact net differences show higher average Latino participation than previously reported. The study focuses especially on contextual factors that could affect collective responses of group members. Moving beyond past research, significant effects are found for the group's representation among office holders, voting regulations, and state policies related to treatment of immigrants.