Suchergebnisse

The aim of this article is to investigate how often adolescents engage in internet-based identity experiments, with what motives they engage in such experiments and which self-presentational strategies they use while experimenting with their identity. Six hundred nine to 18-year-olds completed a questionnaire in their classroom. Of the adolescents who used the internet for chat or Instant Messaging, 50 percent indicated that they had engaged in internet-based identity experiments. The most important motive for such experiments was self-exploration (to investigate how others react), followed by social compensation (to overcome shyness) and social facilitation (to facilitate relationship formation). Age, gender and introversion were significant predictors of the frequency with which adolescents engaged in internet-based identity experiments, their motives for such experiments, and their self-presentational strategies.

Previous research tells us little about the ways in which the European Union is portrayed on main evening television news. We therefore content analyzed 11,722 stories broadcast in main evening television news in five EU countries over an 11-month period in 2000. There was an invisible importance to EU news: although the share of the news devoted to EU affairs was low, when EU news did appear it tended to be more prominent than other political news. We also found that the thematic structure of the EU news was similar across the countries and that EU coverage was not predominantly domestic in most of the countries. Evaluations of the EU were rare, but when they did appear they tended to be negative.

Research on how sexual music videos affect beliefs related to sexual aggression is rare and has not differentiated between the effects of music videos by male and female artists. Moreover, little is known about the affective processes that underlie the effects of sexual music videos. Using data from a nationally representative three-wave panel survey among 1,204 Dutch adolescents, structural equation modeling showed that viewing sexual music videos by male artists increased the acceptance of female token resistance (i.e., the notion that women say "no" to sex when they actually mean "yes") among adolescent girls, but not adolescent boys. Furthermore, viewing sexual music videos by male artists influenced girls' acceptance of token resistance indirectly via affective engagement. The findings suggest that effects of sexual music videos on stereotypical sexual beliefs depend on the specific type of music video and viewers' gender, and can be partly explained by viewers' affective engagement.

The main aim of this study was to examine the norms of expressing emotions on social media. Specifically, the perceived appropriateness (i.e. injunctive norms) of expressing six discrete emotions (i.e. sadness, anger, disappointment, worry, joy, and pride) was investigated across four different social media platforms. Drawing on data collected in March 2016 among 1201 young Dutch users (15–25 years), we found that positive expressions were generally perceived as more appropriate than negative expressions across all platforms. In line with the objective of the study, some platform differences were found. The expression of negative emotions was rated as most appropriate for WhatsApp, followed by Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For positive emotion expression, perceived appropriateness was highest for WhatsApp, followed by Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Additionally, some gender differences were found, while age showed little variations. Overall, the results contribute to a more informed understanding of emotion expression online.

The goal of this study was to investigate the language-based strategies that computer-mediated communication (CMC) users employ to reduce uncertainty in the absence of nonverbal cues. Specifically, this study investigated the prevalence of three interactive uncertainty reduction strategies (i.e., self-disclosure, question asking, and question/disclosure intimacy) in reduced-cue settings. Moreover, this study investigated whether these uncertainty reduction strategies increased the verbal statements of affection in CMC. Eighty-one unacquainted cross-sex dyads were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: face-to-face, visual CMC supported by a webcam, or text-only CMC. Content analysis of the verbal communication revealed that text-only CMC interactants made a greater proportion of affection statements than face-to-face interactants. Proportions of question asking and question/disclosure intimacy were higher in both CMC conditions than in the face-to-face condition, but only question asking mediated the relationship between CMC and verbal statements of affection. No differences in question asking, question/disclosure intimacy, and verbal statements of affection were observed between the text-only CMC condition and the visual CMC condition. This study provided additional support for social information processing theory by specifying the role of different language-based strategies that may be employed online.

Darstellung der Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament in den Medien.

Themen: Zeitungen: Seitennummer, auf der der Artikel beginnt; Art des Zeitungsartikels (z.B. Reportage, Interview, Dokumentation, Karikatur usw.); Beginn des Artikels auf der oberen Hälfte oder auf der unteren Hälfte der Seite; Fernsehen: Länge des TV-Beitrags; Hauptthema des Beitrags; tatsächlicher und gewünschter Hauptverantwortlicher im Hauptthema des Beitrags (politischer Akteur innerhalb und außerhalb der nationalen Regierung, nicht politischer Akteur, EU oder EU-bezogener Akteur); Handlungsort des Beitrags; hauptsächlich betroffenes geographisches Gebiet; Hauptakteur (Personen, Gruppen, Organisationen); explizite Bewertung des Hauptakteurs; Geschlecht des Hauptakteurs; Häufigkeit, wie oft der Hauptakteur direkt zitiert wurde; Bewertung der EU; zwei oder mehr Seiten eines Problems erwähnt; Konflikte oder Meinungsverschiedenheiten erwähnt; persönlicher Angriff zwischen Akteuren.

Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament und Wahlkampagne: Beitrag behandelt die Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament bzw. die Wahlkampagne; Meinungsumfrageergebnisse erwähnt; Erwähnung von Akteuren als ´Gewinner´ oder ´Verlierer´; Erwähnung von Präsentationsart und Stil des Akteurs; Beitrag erwähnt einen strategischen Schritt mit einer bestimmten Motivation; Verwendung von Metaphern aus der Sprache des Sports bzw. von Kriegen; Wahlkampagne zu den Europawahlen wird als langweilig oder spannend bezeichnet; Beitrag erwähnt die Wahlbeteiligung an den Europawahlen im Land; Beitrag erwähnt Interesse der Menschen an der Wahlkampagne oder an den Wahlen; Beitrag erwähnt Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Rolle der Medien in der Wahlkampagne (nur in 2004); Beitrag erwähnt Interviews von Personen auf der Straße (vox populi).

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Coder-ID; Name des Mediums; Erscheinungsdatum; Land.

Media and communication have become ubiquitous in today's societies and affect all aspects of life. On an individual level, they impact how we learn about the world, how we entertain ourselves, and how we interact with others. On an organisational level, the interactions between media and organisations, such as political parties, NGOs, businesses and brands, shape organisations' reputation, legitimacy, trust and (financial) performance, as well as individuals' consumer, political, social and health behaviours. At the societal level, media and communication are crucial for shaping public opinion on current issues such as climate change, sustainability, diversity, and well-being. Media challenges are widespread and include mis- and disinformation, the negative impact of algorithms on our information diets, challenges to our privacy, cyberbullying, media addiction, and unwanted persuasion, among many others. All this makes the study of media and communication crucial. This book provides a broad overview of the ways in which people create, use, and experience their media environment, and the role of media and communication for individuals, organisations, and society. The chapters in the book were written by researchers from the Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) on the occasion of its 25th anniversary. ASCoR is today the largest research institute of its kind in Europe and has developed over the past 25 years into one of the best communications research institutes in the world