Suchergebnisse

'Der Begriff 'Sozialkapital' wird in verschiedener, oft unscharfer Bedeutung verwendet. Zunächst wird der Inhalt des Begriffs Sozialkapital im Unterschied zum Sachkapital und zum Humankapital dargestellt. In der Literatur wird Sozialkapital in hohem Maß mit generellem Vertrauen und auf Gegenseitigkeit beruhender Bereitschaft zu gemeinwohlorientiertem Verhalten identifiziert. Sozialpartnerschaft kann als spezifische Form dieses Vertrauensverhältnisses zwischen sozialen Gruppen gesehen werden, das eine friedliche Regulierung von Interessengegensätzen ermöglicht. Die so genannte 'Neue lnstitutionenökonomie' bietet einen dem Konzept des Sozialkapitals verwandten Ansatz zur näheren Analyse der Arbeitsbeziehungen als 'relationale Kontrakte', ebenso Olsons Theorie des kollektiven Handelns, v. a. sein Begriff der 'umfassenden Organisation'. Damit kann erklärt werden, in welchen Formen Sozialkapital die wirtschaftliche Performance verbessern kann. Es bleibt allerdings fraglich, ob die Bezeichnung von institutionellen Arrangements als 'soziales Kapital' tatsächlich ein besseres Verständnis dieser Zusammenhänge ermöglicht.' (Autorenreferat)

Municipal enterprises are one of the most significant organizational structures, whose activities require constant efforts for higher employee engagement and creating an appropriate organizational structure to increase the efficiency of services offered and actions performed. The management staff of municipal enterprises should focus their efforts on the relations between employees and their behavior through selected behavior and behavioral models that will allow building mutual trust and achieving efficiency of social capital due to its high impact on employee engagement work processes and their motivation. Nowadays, municipal enterprises and their management are one of the most important social activities, and the improvement of their efficiency cannot be achieved without considering their role in society, the factors determining social engagement, as well as the involved participation of citizens as participants in the country's economy, affecting economic growth. This type of enterprise is also considered one of the main central bodies, as their organizational structure and goals set to achieve require specific motivation of workers to increase their commitment to the organization, build mutual trust and achieve organizational behavior that develops social capital and the transfer of knowledge. The purpose of the report is to analyze the importance of social capital for municipal enterprises by assessing the usefulness of social relationships between people, which benefits the establishment of different ways to develop local government, territories and their resources.

Most quantitative research in social capital focuses on civic engagement in formal organisations. Data on social capital in informal social networks are harder to obtain and there has also been insufficient means for investigating this. In this paper, we use the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) to conceptualise and measure three types of social capital: neighbourhood attachment, social network and civic participation. The first two refer to informal social networks and the last to formal social networks. We use gllamm (Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Models) to construct the latent variable scores from the categorical component variables. We also analyse the socio-cultural determinants of the three types of social capital and their impacts on social trust. The results show that socio-cultural conditions affect social capital generation. People in disadvantaged positions are more likely to draw social capital from weak ties and those in advantaged positions are more likely to do so from formal civic engagement. We also find that social capital has an effect over and above people's own socio-cultural positions. Informal social networks, especially having good neighbourly relations, tend to foster greater trust than does formal civic engagement.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Part I. Social Capital: Networks and Embedded Resources -- 1 Building a Network Theory of Social Capital Nan Lin -- WHAT IS CAPITAL? -- WHY DOES SOCIAL CAPITAL WORK? -- PERSPECTIVES AND CONTROVERSIES IN SOCIAL CAPITAL -- CONCEPTUALIZING AND MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL -- Embedded Resources and Network Locations -- Measuring Social Capital as Assets in Networks -- Sampling Techniques -- MODELING SOCIAL CAPITAL -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 2 Structural Holes versus Network Closure as Social Capital Ronald S. Burt -- SOCIAL CAPITAL METAPHOR -- TWO NETWORK MECHANISMS -- Structural Holes as Social Capital -- Network Closure as Social Capital -- NETWORK EVIDENCE -- Performance Evaluations -- Promotions -- Compensation -- Other Evidence -- RETHINKING COLEMAN'S EVIDENCE -- A POINT OF INTEGRATION -- Performance Surface -- Frame of Reference for IntegratingResearch Results -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- 3 The Position Generator: Measurement Techniques for Investigations of Social Capital Nan Lin, Yang-chih Fu, and Ray-May Hsung -- TOWARD A THEORY OF SOCIAL CAPITAL -- ACCESS TO EMBEDDED RESOURCES: A PIVOTAL POINTFOR RESEARCH -- MEASURING ACCESSIBILITY: THE POSITION GENERATOR -- THE TAIWAN SOCIAL NETWORKS STUDY -- THE POSITION GENERATOR AND DATA -- INEQUALITY IN ACCESS TO SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ITSDIFFERENTIAL RETURNS -- ACCESS TO SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP -- DISCUSSION -- APPENDIX A: THE POSITION GENERATOR USED IN T H E 1997TAIWAN STUDY -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Part II. Social Capital in the Labor Market -- 4 How Much Is That Network Worth? Social Capital in Employee Referral Networks Roberto M. Fernandez and Emilio J. Castilla -- THE FIRM'S INVESTMENT -- THE REFERRER'S PERSPECTIVE -- Data and Measures -- Results -- SUMMARY A N D CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES

Social capital and lifelong learning are central to current policy concerns both in the UK and internationally. The British government and powerful international agencies, such as the World Bank, present investment in social capital as a way of promoting neighbourhood renewal, community health and educational achievement. This book confirms the significance of social capital as an analytical tool, while challenging the basis on which current policy is being developed

The volume brings together some of the leading scholars around the world working on social capital to study how individuals and groups access and use their social relations and social connections to do better in society in order to achieve their goals.

Social capital is often hailed as the solution to many of the problems present in America today, but Neal?s work indicates that this belief may be misplaced. The literature suggests that the levels of social capital in a community affect the way members of the community interact with one another and may also impact the level of crime. To examine this connection, Neal examines levels crime in U.S. cities over several years along with the levels of social capital. She finds that there is strong evidence of a correlation between social capital and crime; however it appears that a decrease in crim

Social capital and lifelong learning are central to current policy concerns both in the UK and internationally. The British government and powerful international agencies, such as the World Bank, present investment in social capital as a way of promoting neighbourhood renewal, community health and educational achievement. This book confirms the significance of social capital as an analytical tool, while challenging the basis on which current policy is being developed.