Suchergebnisse

Excerpts from Warburton lecture, 1962.

Generally, housing has not been ranked higher on the scale of priorities for economic spending. So, the state government has to rely on the local authorities to meet the housing standard. Using GIS and remote sensing techniques to assess quality of housing, geospatial assessment was used based on both physical and material criteria. The socio- economic factors, basic utilities, environmental factors, and the basic housing facilities were considered. The topographical maps covering the study area and high resolution Google Earth image were acquired. The spatial reference coordinates of buildings, questionnaires, landmark acquired using handhold Garmin GPS device and GIS and Non-GIS software package method were adopted. The data analyses are based on the sample size taken from the population of the study via the use of questionnaires which were administered in the study area. To achieve the objectives, road network and buildings were digitized with all the responses from the respondents were embedded into the GIS environment showing each result. Most houses were in poor condition with lack of accessibility to infrastructures and poor environment. Areas suggested include improvement on the state of infrastructural facilities in the area. The environmental quality of the environment highly depends on the functionality of the available physical infrastructure. There is much lack of drainage system in the area. The survey revealed that 61% of the area lacks drainage, while 39% seems to have one form of drainage or the other which is either stagnant or flow nowhere in particular. The stakeholders in property investment should enlighten the landlords and tenants on the importance of maintenance and also, the community development efforts and participation should be encouraged. The problem of housing in Nigeria is worrisome. This is because; it is one of the essential needs of living. Local building materials should be exploit to the maximum, so that cost of construction will be reduce drastically.

Auditing is a traditional function in the German system of local public finance. Its' basic mission is to control local finances for accuracy, to avoid misuse of public resources and to support local councils. The priority of auditing is the annual financial statement and accounting, still. Performance is of limited relevance. Given the federal setting of 13 territorial states, the system is complex and fragmented. Another German peculiarity is a parallel structure of financial supervision executed by different public bodies having a particular focus on balanced budget and debt. Local auditing, generally, organises in a two-level structure. The lower level is part of the respective local government, the higher-level is part of the state administration. Beyond this basic setting, there are manifold structural options in place lacking transparency and a clear separation of duties. Private involvement in local auditing is very limited. Legislation guarantees independence of auditing with regard to personal independence, autonomy in auditing issues and methods. Local auditing faces several challenges, as local governments do. However, there is no sound discussion on reforms.

Local governments represent the specific legal entities whose mission is to
create a better living conditions for its citizens. Market conditions require
the introduction of a high level of efficiency in business, which is
reflected in the management of capital and human resources. It is necessary
that management processes are conducted according to the principles of
management. Local government units nowadays are faced with the increasing
requirements from the legislator through strict regulations on the one side,
and from the citizens who expect a greater level of public services, on the
other side. Meeting all the expectations practically requires the
availability of a high quality working staff. Although the recruitment
process is prescribed by law, the requirements for a position are determined
by the employer?s needs. Therefore, the employer is the one who has a direct
influence on the formation of the working team that will perform the assigned
duties. This paper will show the attitudes of the leaders in the local
government units, analyze the motivating force, and through correlations
present the relationship between the attitudes of the leaders according to
their hierarchical positions and attitudes of local government employees.

Intro -- Contributors -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Professional Resources -- Figures and Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter:1 The profession of local government manager: evolution and leadership styles / Raymond W. Cox III -- The profession of local government management -- New leadership styles -- On being an ethical leader -- The effective professional -- Looking ahead -- Recap -- Chapter:2 Achieving effective community leadership / James H. Svara -- Appropriateness of community leadership by local government managers -- Community-leadership aspects of local government management -- Changes in the political context of community leadership -- Sizing up one's own community-leadership style -- Understanding community dynamics -- Identifying the actors in community politics -- Behavioral components of effective community leadership -- Recap -- Chapter:3 Enhancing the governing body's effectiveness / Craig M. Wheeland -- The governing body's role -- The professional manager's responsibilities toward the governing body -- Strengthen policy-making capabilities -- Maintain a good work environment -- Build con dence -- Understand the governing body's incentives -- Understand and resolve con ict -- Recap -- Chapter:4 Promoting the community's future / Martin Vanacour -- The expanding role of the manager -- The changing scene in local government -- The planning function and community strategic planning -- Economic development -- The intersection of growth management, smart growth, and economic development -- Community-building with citizens -- Developing a positive legacy for the community -- Recap -- Chapter:5 Essential management practices / Mary Ellen Guy, William Earle Klay, and David Coursey -- Organization design -- The human resource management function -- Budgeting and managing nancial resources.

The the changing approach on the nature of local governance in Hungary is reviewed by this chapter. During the Democratic Transition the evolvement of the Hungarian municipal system was based on the paradigm and approach of the European Charter of Local Government. Thus one of the most autonomous local government system of Europe evolved in Hungary. Although the municipal reforms were basically successful, several dysfunctional phenomena could be observed and the request for the municipal reforms was strong from the late 1990s in Hungary. The new constitution of Hungary, the Fundamental Law introduced a new model. The approach of the local governance has been transformed: the autonomy of the municipalities have been limited. Thus the autonomous nature of the Hungarian model changed and new challenges have appeared in the field of the implementation of the regulation of the Charter.