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The focus of this study is on regional knowledge production activities in Europe, with special emphasis on the interplay between agglomeration and network effects. As increasingly considered in economic geography and regional science in the recent past, regional knowledge production activities, on the one hand, still remain geographically bounded; on the other hand, knowledge production activities have become increasingly interwoven and internationalized, emphasizing the crucial importance of region-external knowledge sources for a region's knowledge production capacity. The objective of the study is to estimate to what extent agglomeration and network effects influence knowledge production activities at the level of European regions. We use an extended regional knowledge production function framework as basis for the study, and derive a spatial Durbin model (SDM) relationship that can be used for empirical testing. The European coverage is achieved using 241 NUTS-2 regions covering the EU-25 member states. The dependent variable, knowledge production activity, is measured in terms of patent counts at the regional level in the time period 1998-2008, using patents applied at the European Patent Office (EPO). The independent variables include an agglomeration index, measured in terms of population density, and the regional participation intensity in the European network of R&D cooperation, measured in terms of the number of participations of a region in R&D joint ventures funded by the European Commission under the heading of the EU Framework programs (FPs). By this we are able to estimate the distinct effects of network participation and agglomeration on regional knowledge production. In our modeling framework, we further control for total regional R&D expenditures as widely used in regional knowledge production function frameworks and its empirical applications. In estimating the effects, we implement a panel version of the standard SDM that controls for spatial autocorrelation as well as individual heterogeneity across regions. The specification incorporates a spatial lag of the dependent variable as well as spatial lags of the independent variables. This allows for the estimation of spatial spillovers of agglomeration and network effects from neighboring regions by calculating scalar summary measures of impacts. The estimation results are expected to provide sketches of policy implications in a European and regional policy context.

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3658-2_100 ; This paper presents a methodology and system for the analysis of complex experiments currently utilized by the Department of Defense. Assessed are effectiveness and efficiency of systems interactions and affected intra- and interorganizational processes. Methodology is derived from an operational experimentation analytics and management system designed to assess next-generation military e-services and infrastructure. A focus is the expansion of systems methodology beyond traditional transaction-oriented exchanges to include management layers for complex inter-organizational processes and mechanisms to accommodate sensitive company operations.

AbstractBased on the first national survey of faith‐based social service coalitions in the United States, this article presents data on the degree to which these nonprofit organizations collaborate with other specific organizational types, as well as the range and intensity of these collaborations. In general, faith‐based coalitions tend to collaborate most frequently with other faith‐based agencies, a pattern especially characteristic of the more religiously expressive ones. However, collaboration with non‐faith‐based organizations is also quite common. Based on seven organizational characteristics, we are able to predict which faith‐based coalitions are most likely to collaborate with different types of organizations: coalitions that have more explicitly religious policies and practices with reference to clients and staffs are less likely to participate in intense collaborations with some types of secular organizations, and consistently less likely to do so with all types of governmental agencies.

There is a lack of understanding regarding the optimal conditions for interdisciplinary research. This study investigates what characteristics of researchers are associated with disciplinary and interdisciplinary research collaborations and what collaborations are most rewarding in different scientific disciplines. Our results confirm that female scientists are more engaged in interdisciplinary research collaborations. Further, a scientist's years of research experience are positively related with both types of collaboration. Work experience in firms or governmental organizations increases the propensity of interdisciplinary collaborations, but decreases that of disciplinary collaborations. Disciplinary collaborations occur more frequent in basic disciplines; interdisciplinary collaborations more in strategic disciplines. We also found that in both types of disciplines, disciplinary collaborations contribute more to career development than interdisciplinary collaborations. We conclude with three recommendations for science and innovation policy, while emphasising the need to distinguish between different scientific disciplines.

AbstractThe transition to a knowledge society in South East Asia since the 1970s has produced differing effects in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. The paper explores the challenges and existing collaborations of Indonesia's knowledge society. On the basis of a qualitative investigation based on interviews with 18 policymakers in Indonesia, observations from eight meetings and documentary analysis from 2011 to 2016, the paper sheds light on the historical, structural and scientisation problems encountered by Indonesia's knowledge society. This includes the challenges that academia faces in scientific knowledge production at the micro level and macro level. Further, the analysis suggests that existing collaborations between different governmental levels and academia are based on trust and friendship rather than scientific pursuits. Also, collaboration between industry and academia is likely to occur when the industry acts as an initiator. The author contends that for a knowledge society to materialise in Indonesia, challenges need to be managed and certain collaborations that nurture scientific knowledge production need to be cultivated.

This article presents a formal model of path dependence inspired by England's history. The introduction of feudalism after the Norman Conquest – the critical juncture – created a large elite that rebelled frequently. The king fought these revolts with the help of collaborators he recruited from the masses. In compensation, he made these collaborators members of the elite. This was a cost-effective form of compensation: rents were only partly rival, and so new elite members only partially diluted the rents received by the king. The dilution from adding new members decreased as the elite grew in size, generating positive feedback and path dependence. This mechanism can account for the extension of rights in England in the early stages of its journey towards democracy.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 3(7), 2012 ; A smart grid delivers power around the country and has an intelligent monitoring system, which not only keeps track of all the energy coming in from diverse sources but also can detect where energy is needed through a two-way communication system that collects data about how and when consumers use power. It is safer in many ways, compared with the current one-directional power supply system that seems susceptible to either sabotage or natural disasters, including being more resistant to attack and power outages. In such an autonomic and advanced-grid environment, investing in a pilot study and knowing the nation's readiness to adopt a smart grid absolves the government of complex intervention from any failure to bring Japan into the autonomic-grid environment. This paper looks closely into the concept of the Japanese government's 'go green' effort, the objective of which is to make Japan a leading nation in environmental and energy sustainability through green innovation, such as creating a low-carbon society and embracing the natural grid community. This paper paints a clearer conceptual picture of how Japan's smart grid effort compares with that of the US. The structure of Japan's energy sources is describe including its major power generation plants, photovoltaic power generation development, and a comparison of energy sources between Japan and the US. Japan's smart community initiatives are also highlighted, illustrating the Japanese government planned social security system, which focuses on a regional energy management system and lifestyle changes under such an energy supply structure. This paper also discusses Japan's involvement in smart grid pilot projects for development and investment, and its aim of obtaining successful outcomes. Engagement in the pilot projects is undertaken in conjunction with Japan's attempt to implement a fully smart grid city in the near future. In addition, major smart grid awareness activities promotion bodies in Japan are discuss in this paper because of their important initiatives for influencing and shaping policy, architecture, standards, and traditional utility operations. Implementing a smart grid will not happen quickly, because when Japan does adopt one, it will continue to undergo transformation and be updated to support new technologies and functionality. ; http://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume3No7/Paper_6-The_Japanese_Smart_Grid_Initiatives,_Investments,_and_Collaborations.pdf

This thesis contributes to the analysis of optimal industrial and strategic trade policy in the presence of oligopoly and other forms of imperfect competition, so as to make contact with important empirical regularities and policy concerns, such as international R&D collaboration, unionization and free trade. First, in the context of international competition in which R&D plays an important role, we study the consequences of allowing governments to subsidize R&D and coalition deviation on the R&D collaboration networks. Then we investigate the formation of FTAs as a network formation game. While the analysis of welfare effects takes the central stage, we also analyze the nature of trading regimes that are consistent with the incentives of individual countries. We address the issue of conflict of interests among firms, consumers and governments as well. Finally, we integrate the analysis of international R&D collaboration and strategic trade policies, and demonstrate how an asymmetric equilibrium arises from an international trade model with symmetric countries and symmetric firms, and study whether it is sometimes possible to improve national welfare by jointly implementing trade and industrial policies. ; (ECON 3)--UCL, 2006

This thesis contributes to the analysis of optimal industrial and strategic trade policy in the presence of oligopoly and other forms of imperfect competition, so as to make contact with important empirical regularities and policy concerns, such as international R&D collaboration, unionization and free trade. First, in the context of international competition in which R&D plays an important role, we study the consequences of allowing governments to subsidize R&D and coalition deviation on the R&D collaboration networks. Then we investigate the formation of FTAs as a network formation game. While the analysis of welfare effects takes the central stage, we also analyze the nature of trading regimes that are consistent with the incentives of individual countries. We address the issue of conflict of interests among firms, consumers and governments as well. Finally, we integrate the analysis of international R&D collaboration and strategic trade policies, and demonstrate how an asymmetric equilibrium arises from an international trade model with symmetric countries and symmetric firms, and study whether it is sometimes possible to improve national welfare by jointly implementing trade and industrial policies. ; (ECON 3)--UCL, 2006

The Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) is one of the longest running international TV shows in the world and has been organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) since 1956. ESC has been studied from political, sociological, national and cultural perspectives, but research about collaboration and management between organising actors is missing. The aim of this research is to fill that gap. The study uses qualitative methods to examine how the international collaboration in the Eurovision Song Contest is managed. The thesis focuses on management processes and structures in the management of the ESC collaboration between main organising actors named by the EBU: The EBU, Executive Supervisor, Reference Group, Host Broadcaster, Heads of Delegation, and Participating Broadcasters. I examine the ESC cases which are selected based on the availability of data, language, location and personal interest: Helsinki 2007, so far the only one held in Finland, and more recent events relying on reports, research, and documents available. I interview representatives from the EBU and public broadcaster in Finland (YLE) involved in the ESC management. The thesis is based on the case study, drawing on relevant documents, ESC studies, articles and theories about collaboration management and interorganisational cooperation. I identify responsibilities and tools of managing the international collaboration and conclude that in the ESC management structures there are both hierarchy and networked organisations with highly coordinated and formalised processes. The results will provide insight about international collaboration management in media projects.

This study aims to determine the effect of cooperation with internal parties, suppliers, competitors, universities, government, consultants, R&D companies on the innovation performance of companies in Indonesia. This study used data of 927 respondents which were filtered into 136 data. The data used is the 2014 Indonesia Innovation Survey (IIS) for the period 2011-2013. The research data were processed using the Tobit regression method. The data is processed using STATA. The results of this study found that collaboration activities with internal parties, suppliers, and the government has a positive effect on company performance. Meanwhile, cooperation with competitors, universities, consultants and R&D companies does not significantly influence the innovation performance of companies in Indonesia.