Suchergebnisse

This article examines how U.S. federal immigration policy in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century regulated female immigrants who bore children outside of marriage, had sexual relations outside of marriage, or were suspected of prostitution. The author examines the ways in which immigration officials racialized the application of the moral turpitude clause in immigration law, and how this racialization reflected deeper social concerns about women's shifting economic and political roles and the definitions and expectations of marriage. Although few women were actually deported on moral turpitude grounds, patrolling women's sexuality and economic status at the borders reduced migration opportunities for women in general, subjected them to intense scrutiny by the state, constricted the contours of their personal relationships, and in some cases permanently separated them from their infant children.

We investigate non-oil sector effects of fiscal policy in Azerbaijan over a long time period in which a recent low oil prices sample is incorporated. To obtain robust empirical findings, we use different test and estimation methods as well as address small-sample bias issues in the extended production function framework. Results show that fiscal policy has a statistically significant positive impact on the non-oil sector both in the long and short run. However, the size of the impact is small compared to the findings of earlier studies due to, we believe, the low oil-price environment and different specifications used. Azerbaijani policymakers should take measures to compensate for the declining share of oil revenues in government revenues. They may consider increasing tax rates, import and export fees, energy and other tariffs as rapid remedies to fill the budget but these measures might hurt economic development. Alternative and less harmful remedies would be optimizing government spending, strongly monitoring ongoing projects, and phasing out social and infrastructure projects, which make lower contributions to growth. Our research opens the way for further investigation of this topic for the oil exporting economies in the future.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction: Power, Employment, and Accumulation -- Part I: Power, Work, and Distribution -- 2 Skill Mismatch, Bureaucratic Burden, and Rising Earnings Inequality in the U.S.: What Do Hours and Earnings Trends by Occupation Show? -- 3 Voluntary Downshifting in the 1990s -- 4 The Future of Egalitarian Politics -- Part II: Power and the Macroeconomy -- 5 Conflict, Distribution, and Finance in Alternative Macroeconomic Traditions -- 6 Macroeconomic Performance and Labor Market Discrimination -- Part III: Power and the Global Economy -- 7 Social Structures and Economic Mobility: What's Really at Stake? -- 8 Institutions and the Persistence of Global Inequalities -- 9 Engendering the Economics of Globalization: Sites and Processes -- 10 Capital Market Crises: Liberalization, Fixed Exchange Rates, and Market-Driven Destabilization -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Index.

Do social representations affect the efficiency of economic policy? To deal with this problem I studied the limited results of European Policy toward the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area. While the classical approach to economic integration explains this failure mainly as a consequence of the political and economical costs perceived by the partners, I paid attention to the role of two adversarial social representations: the clash of civilizations and the encounter of civilizations. Both of them underestimate and overestimate some characteristics of the Mediterranean Area, hindering the comprehension of regional reality, while the interaction between them nullify the possibility of benefit of the EU Mediterranean economic policy. ; (Product of workshop No. 7 at the 11th MRM 2010)

1. One hundred years of oil income and the Iranian economy : a curse or a blessing? / Kamiar Mohaddes and M. Hashem Pesaran -- 2. Institutional change, policy challenges and macroeconomic performance, 1979-2004 / Hassan Hakimian -- 3. The political economy of petro populism and reform, 1997-2011 / Parvin Alizadeh -- 4. Iran's free trade zones : back doors to the international economy? / Hassan Hakimian -- 5. The role of government in the Iranian banking system, 2001-11 / Sima Motamen-Samadian -- 6. The development of Iran's auto industry in a comparative perspective / Parvin Alizadeh -- 7. The Iranian economy in the shadow of sanctions / Nader Habibi -- 8. Wage discrimination against women in Iran / Moaven Razavi and Nader Habibi.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Appendix -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Taiwan's economic and diplomatic challenges and opportunities -- 2 Economic development of Taiwan and structural change: retrospect and prospect -- 3 How can Taiwan enlarge its role in the process of Asia-Pacific economic integration? -- 4 Taiwan in the high-income trap and its implications for cross-strait relations -- 5 Why has Taiwan not attracted much investment from mainland China? three explanations -- 6 Review and look ahead: Taiwan's New Southbound policy in the case of Vietnam -- 7 Facing the Pacific: an eastbound strategy for Taiwanese maritime commerce in the 21st century -- 8 A new westbound policy? the case for increasing EU-Taiwan engagement -- 9 Change and continuity in American policy towards Taiwan -- 10 China's marginalisation of Taiwan -- 11 Walking towards China or towards the world? Taiwan's international space under Ma Ying-jeou and Tsai Ing-wen -- 12 Tongzhi diplomacy and the queer case of Taiwan -- Index.

AbstractThis article investigates fiscal policy responses to the Great Recession in historical perspective. It explores general trends in the frequency, size and composition of fiscal stimulus as well as the impact of government partisanship on fiscal policy outputs during the four international recessions of 1980–1981, 1990–1991, 2001–2002 and 2008–2009. Encompassing 17–23 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the analysis calls into question the idea of a general retreat from fiscal policy activism since the early 1980s. The propensity of governments to respond to economic downturns by engaging in fiscal stimulus has increased over time and no secular trend in the size of stimulus measures is observed. At the same time, OECD governments have relied more on tax cuts to stimulate demand in the two recessions of the 2000s than they did in the early 1980s or early 1990s. Regarding government partisanship, no significant direct partisan effects on either the size or the composition of fiscal stimulus is found for any of the four recession episodes. However, the size of the welfare state conditioned the impact of government partisanship in the two recessions of the 2000s, with left‐leaning governments distinctly more prone to engaging in discretionary fiscal stimulus and/or spending increases in large welfare states, but not in small welfare states.

Lack of economic development, unemployment and lack of work-life balance between woman and men has been one of the main challenges of Western Balkan countries. Their fragile internal political and economic structure has made external actors be very powerful in shaping national policies. In the last fifteen years, European Union has been the main promoter of reforms that can bring the countries of the region closer in line with the EU. The main goal of this paper was to firstly look at the EU gender equality policy in the Western Balkans that applies to Albania as well, and assess its compatibility with the real concerns of Albanian woman. Secondly, the study measured the impact of the first policy, i.e. women inclusion in the labor market, on the economic growth of Albania. This research employed a quantitative methodology based on surveys and a regression analysis. Surveys were conducted with 537 female in Albania clustered mainly according to age and geographical location. Regression analysis was based on official statistical data of the women employment and annual real growth of GDP of Albania in a range of ten years. The results showed that Albanian women are mostly concerned with the lack of economic development and their expectation is that the EU accession policies should primarily address that. In addition to that, the study found out that there exist a direct and positive relationship between women inclusion in the labor market and economic growth. Therefore, EU gender equality agenda covers the main needs of Albanian women as women employment means higher economic growth and less inequality that are factors of economic development. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n3p146