Suchergebnisse

The article describes the basic functions of economic science under the modern conditions, looks into the effectiveness of performance of this functions and produces the evidence about the unlimited possibilities which gives the science to the humanity in it's acceleration of evolution under globalization.Globalization is going on objective and unrestraint. It gives necessities for human in the important spheres of activities, such as information, technology and economy. Globalization intensifies the course of the economic process and the polarization of the participants. It changes the proportion of economic and politic forces in the world, quickens the formation of information's human. All process distinguishes oneself differential unevenness.Globalization can't solve itself the human problems, but it gives nice technical, information and economic possibilities for the scientific, smooth and successful solving of problems.The article's author formulates the main modern problems of the economic science and economic practice.1. Full value of economic subject:Formation, development, collapse, destruction, protection.2. The balanced economic growth.3. Economic transformation:Nature: spontaneous, not forced, forced;Mechanism: precautions, catalysts, destabilize;Consequences: foreseen, desirable, not foreseen, pernicious.4. Non-formal economic development on a global scale:Causes, consequences, prospects.5. The rightness of distribution and redistribution of social product.Especially sore economic practice problems are forming of a real value economic subject, use the economic law to ruinous direction for society and growth of informal, shadow economic.The substantial change period begins if the corruption increases on a world scale and socialization process of the most persons is disorder and material basis of a scale of value priority is losing.The solving of principal 1, 2, 3 problems profiles the solving of other actual economic problems (4, 5, 6). ; Atsižvelgiant į trečiojo tūkstantmečio žmonijos egzistencijos kokybiškai naujas ypatybes, reikia tirti iš esmės dar galutinai nesuvoktas problemas, teikiant prioritetą naudingiausioms žmonijos veiklos rūšims. Mokslas, kaip intelektuali žmonijos veikla, palengvina svarbių egzistencijos problemų sprendimą. Globalizacija laikinai apgaulingai maskuoja kylančių problemų opumą ir jų sprendimo neatidėliotumą. Šiame straipsnyje ekonomikos mokslo funkcijų realizavimo ir globalizacijos sąveika pateikiama kaip mokslinės problemos, kartu ir jų kompleksinio sprendimo atributai: originali tyrimo metodologija, tyrimo principai, jos sukurti ir aprobuoti modeliai. Pastarųjų taikymas leis padidinti ekonominio prognozavimo patikimumą, numatyti būsimus tikėtinus žmonijos egzistencijos momentus ir evoliucijos etapus (tolesnio evoliucionavimo, deevoliucijos - degradacijos ir net baigties) bei pasekmes: numatytas - pageidaujamas ar nenumatytas - pražūtingas.Trečiajame tūkstantmetyje kardinaliai pakitusios žmonijos egzistencijos sąlygos suteikia be galo plačias tobulėjimo galimybes gyvenimo darnos ir kokybės požiūriu. Šios galimybės atskleidžamos ir panaudojamas pasaulyje netolygiai ir prieštaringai, gauti ir būsimi rezultatai bei pasekmės seniai laukia kryptingesnių akademinės visuomenės tyrimų ir objektyvaus įvertinimo. Dėl to šios temos aktualumas ir šiuolaikiškumas yra neabejotinas visoms mokslo disciplinoms, neišskiriant ir ekonomikos. Pažymėsime, kad žmonijos tobulėjimo galimybių realizavimas sukelia kokybiškai naujas, dar iš esmės neištirtas ir galutinai nesuvoktas tiek mokslines, tiek praktines problemas.Tyrimų tikslas - atsižvelgiant į kokybiškai naujas trečiojo tūkstantmečio žmonijos egzistencijos ir evoliucijos sąlygas, globaliu mastu apibūdinanti šiuolaikinio ekonomikos mokslo funkcijų atlikimo kokybę ir atskleisti jos užtikrinimo būdus naujomis globalizacijos sąlygomis.Objektas ir metodika. Tyrimo objektas - ekonomikos mokslo funkcijos ir globalizacija. Metodinis tyrimo pagrindas - speciali šio straipsnio autorės nagrinėjama, sisteminama, kuriama ir plėtojama ekonomikos mokslo problemų tyrimo metodologija.

In order to manage special provisions in U.S. wilderness, several research products are needed. Minimally, a complete understanding of the legislative intent of the provision, in-depth understanding of the deep meanings held by the particular stakeholder community of interest, and some knowledge about the larger population of interest are needed. In this study of jet boat use on the Salmon River in the Frank Church– River of No Return Wilderness, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to understand the attachment jet boat users have to the activity and the place.

How have Australia, France and Germany engaged with immigration and ethnic diversity? Are there national stereotypes that have blocked effective policy-making and exacerbated conflicts? This book looks at the role of the social sciences in national discourses of migration and how scholars can explain how migration is shaping global society

Thus, the present article aims at answering the question whether there exists an anti-soft power, both as ideology and practice, which could be efficient enough for the state to protect itself from the impact of external informational and cultural influence. The theory of soft power is based on the idea that its object accepts normative subordination. Consequently, such object should not pursue major political ambitions, should be ready to collaborate within the established world order and, above all, agree with superiority of the world leaders and the rules they impose. Anti-soft power is different. The core idea is that its holder is not willing to comply with the opponent's superiority as well as its rules of the game. The subject of anti-soft power is politically ambitious and never recognizes its dependence or inferiority. Regardless of being strong or weak, it will not admit its junior or secondary position in a community. We saw a few such subjects during the era of globalization. However, the globalization crisis may change the situation and thus give rise to a new political trend, that is the resurgence of anti-soft power. The article states that anti-soft power has repeatedly blocked the attempts of one country to influence another country. In the course of history, we can single out three main types of policy: 1) the policy based on supremacism, or chauvinism; 2) the policy based on ideological alternatives; 3) the policy based on segment restrictions of the oppo nent's soft power. Each of these, though, can bring its subjects both political benefits and unwanted costs.

"If elections in the new EU member states are free and fair, why do voters simply not vote the corrupt parties out? This paper goes beyond regime legacies and looks at voting patterns on the issue of political corruption in order to explain why voters in democracies vote for corrupt parties and when they stop to do so. Italy, Bulgaria and Latvia have different historical legacies, but all of them have been suffering from high perceptions of political corruption. The three countries have been formally committed to fighting corruption for over a decade, but have repeatedly seen periods of popular discontent with political corruption expressed via street protests or protest voting. In a chronological overview of anti-corruption voting, the authoress shall look at patterns of voting for anti-corruption opportunists and reformists and try to determine whether they are part of a learning curve for both the public and politicians. An important outcome is that elections are rarely decided on corruption issues alone and that preference formation among voters about the issue of ethical politics is a complex process. In terms of what can be learnt, research shows that the public's right to dissolve parliament mid-term and popular independent institutions such as the presidency, an anti-corruption agency or external monitoring can help resolve accountability crises. Revelations of corruption have the strongest effect when the economy is in decline. As anti-corruption reforms do not make a lasting impression in times of prosperity, an economic crisis is the best time to make a clean sweep." (author's abstract)

Three decades ago in his analysis of the academic profession, Logan Wilson found that the faculty in lesser institutions as well as the junior faculty in the major universities held teaching to have primacy over research. At the same time, however, "everywhere there (was) an attitude among the academic elite that dismisses meticulous attention to instruction as a deflection from the 'higher' purposes of scholarship and science." Research, not teaching, was found necessary for professional prestige and institutional recognition. Theodore Caplow and Reece J. McGee identified the conflict between teaching and research as "the leading problem for the individual faculty member." A faculty member is hired to teach but expected to do research and publish — at the expense of the former; and in fact, "academic success is likely to come to the man who has learned to neglect his assigned duties in order to have more time and energy to pursue his private professional interests."Other authors argue from a different perspective. Frank Pinner did not see teaching and research as alternatives but as "part of the same process of education, complementary activities in the academic community." Pinner went on to explain it was not possible to allocate time to each function due to differing teaching and research demands in different fields and due to individual work habits.

Three decades ago in his analysis of the academic profession, Logan Wilson found that the faculty in lesser institutions as well as the junior faculty in the major universities held teaching to have primacy over research. At the same time, however, "everywhere there (was) an attitude among the academic elite that dismisses meticulous attention to instruction as a deflection from the 'higher' purposes of scholarship and science." Research, not teaching, was found necessary for professional prestige and institutional recognition. Theodore Caplow and Reece J. McGee identified the conflict between teaching and research as "the leading problem for the individual faculty member." A faculty member is hired to teach but expected to do research and publish — at the expense of the former; and in fact, "academic success is likely to come to the man who has learned to neglect his assigned duties in order to have more time and energy to pursue his private professional interests."Other authors argue from a different perspective. Frank Pinner did not see teaching and research as alternatives but as "part of the same process of education, complementary activities in the academic community." Pinner went on to explain it was not possible to allocate time to each function due to differing teaching and research demands in different fields and due to individual work habits.

Illegal political activity has always been part of a democratic society. Despite this, not much is known about young people's involvement in these political activities. Research portrays political influence attempts of this kind in different terms; as troublesome for the democratic political system, as expressions of conscious decisions vital for humanity's future, and yet other times as illustrations of a coming-of-age rebellion. Overall there is a lack of collective knowledge on illegal political activity, and especially in adolescence – the age period when these political activities seem to peak. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to enhance knowledge of involvement in illegal political activity in adolescence. This dissertation addresses this task in four empirical studies. Results show that mostly boys engage politically with illegal political means. Adolescents involved are also interested in politics, believe in their own abilities to take part in political activities, have long-term political goals, and approve of violent political tactics. In addition, these activities also seem to associate with a challenge of authority. This could be seen in how political dissatisfaction was translated into illegal political activity, and in the way these activities seemed to be reactions to a non legitimized parental authority. Besides authority challenges, these activities are likely the result of important peer relations; influences from peers with experiences of illegal political activity seem to be a most probable answer to why adolescents adopt these political means. Taken together, the results of this dissertation show that adolescents involved in illegal political activity are well-equipped for political involvement, challenge authorities in most contexts of their lives, and are likely to adopt these political means from already involved peers.

How often are politicians confronted with public allegations of integrity violations? Which types of violations, government levels, and parties do these scandals involve? The Political Integrity Index developed in The Netherlands offers information about the number and types of political integrity scandals in the country since 2013. This article presents a brief overview of the relevant literature on integrity and corruption and on political scandals, with a summary of the conceptual framework and methodology used in our research, as well as some of the results. In the years 2013–2019, 355 political integrity scandals were documented, primarily at the local level of government (79%), involving almost all political parties but with the liberal–conservative People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie [VVD]) most prominent (90 scandals), and containing all types of integrity violations, with as the most prominent type "misconduct in the private sphere" (30%). The topic of integrity scandals involving politicians is relevant but nearly absent in research on public integrity and corruption. This is a challenge and an invitation to researchers in other countries to do comparable research, which might result in a theoretically and practically useful international political integrity index. For that research, the framework of the Political Integrity Index seems useful.

Bienen's chapter is a welcome contribution to an often neglected aspect of agricultural development policy in Africa. No worthwhile model of agricultural development fails to deal with the interaction of political, economic, and sociocultural variables, especially in connection with food grain production. Bienen concludes that ideology has not been an explanatory factor in the relations between governments and peasants across types of political systems. The experiences of Senegal, Tanzania, and Nigeria, including the political relationships involved, are examined. The overall impression left by the chapter is that violence and political instability are harmful to agricultural development. While this is true, it also would have been useful to recognize the role of violence and political instability in such countries as Namibia and South Africa and to recognize the underlying reasons why political violence occurs. Prescriptions on how to break the vicious cycle of violence once it has been set in motion would have been welcome. ; PR ; IFPRI1

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 73 H181-53 (pt. 1), CIS 73 H181-54 (pt. 2), CIS 73 H181-55 (pt. 3), CIS 73 H181-56 (pt. 4) ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.