Suchergebnisse

Although devoting its attention primarily to preparatory work for the Second Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization, the ICAO Council during its third session also approved the first sets of International Standards and Recommended Practices designed to produce uniform operation of international air transport. The standards, which were the results of studies conducted by the organization since its inception in 1944, dealt with personnel licensing, rules of the air, meteorological codes, aeronautical charts, and dimensional units to be used in air-ground communications. The Council asked that all member states incorporate the Standards into their national legislation as nearly as possible in the exact terminology used by ICAO, giving the closest possible approach to absolute uniformity.

Twenty-seven governments having substantial interests in cotton, as exporters or importers, were represented at the fifth meeting of the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC) in Washington, from May 7 to 14, 1946. ICAC was established by the International Cotton Meeting of 1939 for the purpose of recommending steps to achieve international agreement on the regulation of world cotton supplies in relation to demand, so as to eliminate problems and difficulties presented by a world surplus of cotton. Governments represented at the May meeting were Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Greece, Great Britain, India, Iran, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Turkey, USSR, the United States, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia.

The eighteenth annual report of the Bank for International Settlements, which reviewed the period from April 1, 1947, to March 31, 1948, called for abandonment of the wartime type of direct controls on prices, production and trade, and the restoration of a functioning price system, operating under well-controlled monetary regimes. The report, the most comprehensive ever issued by the Bank, dealt in detail with such topics as 1) recovery and set-back in 1947, 2) restoration of monetary order, 3) price movements, 4) the tense position of international trade, 5) foreign exchange rates, 6) production and movements of gold, 7) international credit conditions and the trend of interest rates, 8) European payment agreements, multilateral monetary compensation and the European Recovery Program, and 9) current activities of the Bank. Reference was made to the fact that the Bank for International Settlements had acceded to a request to act as technical agent for the Agreement on Multilateral Monetary Compensation, signed in Paris on November 18, 1947. Practical compensation operations under this agreement were begun in December 1947.

The purpose of the article is to assess how the provisions resulting from international programmatic norms in the field of human genetic data are implemented. The presented study, adopting the perspective of institutional rationalism extended to the paradigm of legalism, considers examples of the implementation of these standards in selected legal systems – Germany, the United States of America and France. The selection of the research paradigm is preceded by a theoretical introduction, which presents three ways of conceptualizing the notion of soft law in the legal sciences. Following an outline of this legal regime in positivism, and the theories of rationalization and constructivism, the author focuses on the provisions of the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data of 16 October, 2003, which are compared with the legislative initiatives of Germany, the United States of America and France, to show the influence that the choices of states has on selection of the implemented standards and how they are implemented.

Ausgehend von der Geschichte der internationalen Gewerkschaftsbewegung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts werden die Entstehungsbedingungen und die politische Entwicklung des Internationalen Bundes Freier Gewerkschaften dargestellt. Zusammensetzung, Organisationsstruktur, Beziehungen zu Internationalen Berufssekretariaten und Arbeitsweise der Organisation bilden den nächsten Schwerpunkt; schliesslich wird auf die Ideologie und Programmatik sowie das Selbstverständnis des IBFG eingegangen. Den Abschluss bildet die kurze Erläuterung der drei Tätigkeitsfelder des IBFG - die Kommunikation zwischen den Mitgliedsbünden, das gewerkschaftspolitische Außenfeld und das Vorfeld der UN-Organisationen. Ergänzt wird die inhaltliche Darstellung durch Literaturhinweise und die Anschrift des IBFG. (KS)

Reaktionen der Europäer auf die Terroranschläge in den USA.

Themen: Präferenz für nationales oder EU-weites Handeln im Sicherheitsbereich; Einstellung zu möglichen politischen Reaktionen des eigenen Landes: Einsatz des nationalen Geheimdienstes für die Anti-Terror-Koalition unter Leitung der USA, Bereitstellung militärischer Stützpunkte für die Anti-Terror-Koalition, Waffenlieferungen an die Gegner von terrorverdächtigen Regierungen, Aussenden von Truppen zum gemeinsamen Kampf mit den USA, Erhöhung humanitärer Hilfen für die vom Konflikt betroffenen Menschen; Einstellung zur politischen Reaktion der eigenen Regierung auf die Terrorereignisse; Furcht vor Anschlägen im eigenen Land; zuverlässigste Informationsquellen über die Terrorereignisse; Interesse an diesen Ereignissen; Notwendigkeit von Reaktionen der EU auf die Krise: Verhindern eines Ausbreitens des Konflikts über Afghanistan hinaus, Erhöhung humanitärer Hilfen für die vom Konflikt betroffenen Menschen, Unterstützung für die Wiederherstellung der Demokratie in Afghanistan, finanzielle Unterstützung für Afghanistan, Start eines Aktionsplanes für Flugsicherheit in Europa, Verbesserung der Kooperation von Polizei und Justiz auf europäischer Ebene, Förderung der europäisch-arabischen Beziehungen, verbesserte Integration der in der EU lebenden Muslime; eigene Wahrnehmung des Terrorpotentials von Muslimen (Skala).

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Ende der Ausbildung; beruflicher Status; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad.