Suchergebnisse

Political power affects not only the outcome (success or failure) of policy implementation, but also the design of structures used to deliver the policy. Beginning with the premise that the social construction of reality shapes the way policy recipients are perceived as well as the costs and benefits imposed upon them, we explore the effects of political power on the delivery of benefits to advantaged populations. More specifically, we examine the impact of local, or sub-state, government in shaping state economic development policy. To empirically probe the effects of power, we have chosen the case of Honda's investment in Alabama in 1999. We reach two conclusions. First, clarity of objectives is not detrimental to effective implementation. Second, implementation structures may be designed with fuzzy objectives and questionable linkages to outcomes in order to secure the highest level of support. Bureaucratic discretion is not simply a function of issues or need for accountability, but also a function of the incentives derived by political power.

The state policy on food security should take into account economic (e.g., expansion of agricultural production following domestic food demand, exports, and imports) and demographic (e.g., adequacy of food reserves and production capacities of the agrosector to the pace of population growth, considering urbanization, migration, and a culture of rational consumption) challenges. Government policy should maintain the balance between the stability of the food system, economic development, and demographic changes. Therefore, this study aims to identify implicit (hidden) structural and functional relationships between these elements. The paper employs structural modeling using STATISTICA; the dataset consists of six food security, eight economic, and seven demographic indicators (using World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization databases for 2011–2021, targeting 39 countries with different levels of GDP per capita (depending on the availability of statistical data)). The results proved the direct impact of the economic variable on food security and the indirect effect of the demographic variable (demographic changes are the engine that triggers economic transformations that further affect food security). When demographic changes increase by one unit, economic development increases by 0.57 and stability of the food system by 0.454. When economic development increases by one unit, the stability of the food system increases by 0.473.

"The recent economic rise of China and India has attracted a great deal of attention. Yet, many of the views regarding their market reforms and high growth have been tendentious, exaggerated, or oversimplified. Awakening Giants, Feet of Clay scrutinizes the phenomenal rise of both nations and demolishes the myths that have accumulated around the economic achievements of these two giants in the last quarter-century. Exploring the challenges that both countries must overcome to become true leaders in the international economy, Pranab Bardhan looks beyond short-run macroeconomic issues to examine structures, and current general performance. Full of valuable insights, Awakening Giants, Feet of Clay provides a nuanced picture of China and India's complex political economy at a time of startling global reconfiguration and change."--Provided by publisher.

This book offers an extensive review of market-oriented economic reforms since 1970, and considers the question of whether more liberal economic policy yields greater social welfare. The author demonstrates that, despite the widespread uniformity of economic policy across countries over the past 45 years, welfare differences persist. Stankov posits that the crisis has stalled the momentum of economic freedom reforms across the globe and policy agendas have gradually shifted from pro-market to pro-redistribution. The book argues that this shift is inevitable: market-oriented economics, Stankov notes, is the natural bedfellow of populism. Through rigorous empirical methodology and the use of various case studies, Stankov is among the first to offer an empirical explanation.--

Acknowledgments: First author to JRC/SVQ/2015/J.1/0038/NC European Commission; second author to P09-SEJ-4546 from the Andalusian Regional Government and to MINECO ECO2012/35430; third author to MINECO ECO2014/52506R. All results, interpretations and opinions are the authors' only and should not be attributed to their academic institutions or financial supporters. ; We present a novel sequential approach that explores the capacity of Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to track down policy-induced economic changes and their ability to generate contrastable data. We use an empirical Social accounting matrix (SAM) of the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, to construct an initial CGE model. This model is then perturbed with a set of policy shocks related to EU Structural Funds invested into Andalusia. These shocks are accompanied by some parameter adjustments that pick up the main external changes not explained by the model. We generate a sequence of model-produced virtual SAMs. We then compare the last virtual SAM in the sequence with a new available empirical SAM. This allows us to check relatedness, for the same year, between the model produced and the empirical SAMs. The results show a good fit to the empirical data, providing further support to the CGE modelling tool.