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Abstract
In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the Army Air Corps (soon to be Air Force) provoked controversy by criticizing the Navy's "tanker war" against Japanese oil, stating that Japan's collapse might have occurred months if not years sooner had a coordinated submarine campaign against tankers been conducted. For years, submariners pointed to a host of problems as to why enemy oil tankers were not targeted effectively until later in the war, including prewar doctrine, faulty torpedoes and lack of intelligence. The reality – classified until the early 1980s – was that intelligence on the Japanese was so sparse that only through a highly classified signal intelligence effort was enough information derived to target enemy oil. This article will examine the developing and maturing link between signal intelligence and submarines using primary sources declassified in the 1980s. The research will demonstrate that there was no single answer to targeting enemy oil tankers, but only through intense analysis and coordination among multiple Services and agencies were the submarines able to launch their devasting offensive against Japanese oil tankers in late 1943.

Abstract
Focusing on the move from gakusei 'student' to shakaijin 'working adult, lit.
fully socialized adult' during a period of continuing economic stagnation and social dislocation, the current study analyzes
contemporary Japanese university students' alignments with respect to ideologies surrounding adulthood including entering the job
market and marriage. Data includes naturally occurring conversations with male and female students at a mid-high ranked city
university on the outskirts of Yokohama as well as media materials associated with job-hunting practices. Analyzing individuals'
discursive (re)-framing of economic practice, this study demonstrates how individuals convey complex
alignments towards future economic and social practices and their attendant ideologies. These complex alignments are analyzed as
instances of 'making do' (de Certeau, 1984). Attending to subtle shifts in
discursive (re)-framing, this paper demonstrates how micropolitical alignments are enacted in language at the
level of everyday, ordinary practice.

The issue of gender equality is still a problem attached to the Japanese economic, social, political, and cultural system. The movement for Japanese liberation efforts and strived since the middle of the twentieth century is still stagnating. This problem remains inseparable from how stakeholders maintain a conservative thought. Women in the domestic sphere and women are the person who does not have the capacities as men are still the basis for reason. This paper will review how gender inequality is still a severe issue that needs to be fought for in the twenty-first century.Isu kesetaraan gender masih berupa permasalahan yang erat melekat dalam sistem ekonomi, sosial, politik dan budaya Jepang. Pergerakan upaya liberasi Jepang yang telah diperjuangkan sejak pertengahan abad ke dua puluh sampai saat ini masih mengalami stagnansi. Keberlanjutan isu ini tidak terlepas dari bagaimana sebuah konstruksi berpikir konservatif tetap dipertahankan oleh pemangku kepentingan. Perempuan dengan ranah domestik dan perempuan tidak memiliki kapasitas yang mumpuni daripada laki-laki masih menjadi dasar berpikir dalam permasalahan ini. Tulisan ini akan mengulas bagaimana isu ketimpangan gender masih merupakan isu serius yang perlu diperjuangkan di abad ke dua puluh satu.

The restructuring of work is proceeding rapidly through a series of reforms and economic transformations that promise to alter both the industrial structure and the mix of employment arrangements. Comparative studies on the regulation of labour markets, employment policy and industrial relations have not adequately understood these changes despite an otherwise sophisticated development of theories and data on post-Fordism and employment regimes (e.g., Crouch and Streeck 1997). Thus, for example, the School of Comparative Political Economy (Kitschelt, Lange, Marks and Stephens, 1999) generally refers to work and social regulations designed for standard industrial work and a corresponding form of standard family life, underestimating the weight of the service sector economy in advanced capitalistic countries. Due to this 'industrialism bias', the heterogeneity in content of work, modes of work organization, ways of working, and gender employment structures within the service sector tend to be blind spots.