Suchergebnisse

In this article, we examine selected health indicators for the adult population aged 18 years and older in Germany (n=22,708) from the German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS) conducted between April 2019 and September 2020. These indicators include those of self-assessed health and depressive symptoms as well as chronic physical diseases and conditions. In young adulthood (18 to 44 years), over 80% of participants report good or very good subjective health. During this phase of life, most chronic diseases and conditions are rare, although allergies are frequent, and bronchial asthma and depressive symptoms are not uncommon. From mid adulthood (45 years and older), there is a gradual increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoarthritis. Over 60% of older adults (65 years and older) report a chronic disease or long-term health problem, while only half continue to report good or very good subjective health. During this stage of life, allergies and depressive symptoms become less prevalent. For some diseases, there are also differences according to gender and level of education. This article demonstrates the high public health relevance of age-associated chronic physical diseases and health related limitations in everyday life in an ageing society as well as the need to provide care for certain health conditions already in young adulthood.

The Gaza Strip is one of the world's poorest areas in terms of water, mainly due to pollution and overexploitation of aquifers. In addition, the region has a humanitarian crisis as a result of the numerous escalations of war, the lack of food security and the lack of water and sanitation. A first conclusion is that water sharing, access and management are central to progress towards economic, social and political stability in the region. Gaza is in an unsustainable situation of permanent water scarcity, especially affecting the most vulnerable: women. A second conclusion is that, in order to improve the current situation of the right to water, it must be linked to women's rights, as well as to the strengthening of their role in negotiations and management in basic aspects for economic and social transformation in the Strip. ; La Franja de Gaza es una de las zonas más pobres del mundo en agua, a causa fundamentalmente de la contaminación y la sobreexplotación de los acuíferos. Adicionalmente, la región arrastra una crisis humanitaria como consecuencia de las numerosas escaladas bélicas, la falta de seguridad alimentaria o la carencia de agua y saneamiento. Una primera conclusión es que el reparto del agua, su acceso y gestión constituye un elemento central para avanzar hacia la estabilidad económica, social y política en la región. Gaza se encuentra en una insostenible situación de escasez hídrica permanente, afectando especialmente a las más vulnerables como las mujeres. Una segunda conclusión es que, para mejorar la situación actual del derecho al agua, se debe enlazar con los derechos de las mujeres, junto con el reforzamiento de su papel en las negociaciones y la gestión en aspectos básicos para la transformación económica y social en la Franja. ; La bande de Gaza est l'une des régions les plus pauvres du monde en eau, principalement en raison de la pollution et de la surexploitation des aquifères. En outre, la région connaît une crise humanitaire en raison des nombreuses escalades de la guerre, de l'absence ...

La participación de las mujeres en las FARC es un fenómeno que continúa generando múltiples inquietudes desde el ámbito académico e institucional, pues el actual proceso de reincorporación exige diversas y renovadas miradas sobre el tema. Esta investigación centra sus esfuerzos en examinar si la "igualdad" que promovió las FARC para hombres y mujeres pertenecientes a sus filas atravesó también el campo íntimo y afectivo. Para ello se propone hacer un análisis de la configuración del régimen de género fariano, revisando dos campos: la división sexual del trabajo y el ámbito afectivo, en un periodo que va de 1998 al 2016. Los hallazgos arrojan que pese a existir una estructura altamente jerarquizada y normatizada, las orientaciones reglamentarias por sí mismas no lograron contrarrestar imaginarios derivados de un orden patriarcal; más bien, se reprodujeron consideraciones tradicionales que se desplegaron con más evidencia en las relaciones de pareja y en el control del cuerpo de las mujeres. Así mismo, se encontraron procesos de desajuste y resistencia al estricto orden militar, lo que devela fuertes tensiones, contradicciones y relaciones de poder en el ámbito aquí estudiado. ; Abstract: The participation of women in the FARC is a phenomenon that continues to generate multiple concerns in the academic and institutional fields, because the current process of reincorporation requires diverse and renewed views on the subject. This research focuses its efforts on examining whether the "equality" promoted by the FARC for men and women belonging to its ranks also moved across the intimate and affective fields. To determine this, it is proposed to analyze the configuration of the fariano gender regime, reviewing two fields—the sexual division of labor and the affective sphere—in the period from 1998 to 2016. The findings show that despite the existence of a highly hierarchized and regulated structure, the regulatory orientations alone failed to counteract imaginary notions derived from a patriarchal order; rather, traditional notions were recreated and deployed more evidently in couples' relationships and in the control of a woman's body. Likewise, processes of imbalance and resistance to the strict military order were found, processes that reveal strong tensions, contradictions and power relations in the area. ; Maestría

Entroncando con el reciente diálogo sobre el papel de los medios de comunicación en la Transición, se estudian las primeras representaciones de homosexuales en el cine democrático, centrándose en la importancia de la educación, de gran relevancia para el activismo de la época. Se utilizan distintas fuentes teóricas, desde relevantes estudios de la teoría queer y de género hasta material de archivo de grupos pro-gays del tardofranquismo. Se estudia cómo el interés por desmentir mitos en torno a la homosexualidad y convencer a la nueva sociedad democrática de la importancia de la aceptación de la diversidad sexual orientó el primer activismo, que recurrió a la estrategia del «caballo de Troya» para introducir en la sociedad, a través de los medios de comunicación, mensajes educativos. Se toma como ejemplo Los placeres ocultos (1976), para indagar en las dificultades planteadas por el uso de las narrativas fílmicas con intenciones pedagógicas, y entender los primeros pasos en la creación de unos discursos de escasa tradición en la cultura española. ; Following the recent and vivid dialogue around the relevant role of the media in the Spanish transition to democracy, this article studies the first representations of homosexual characters in the democratic cinema, focusing on the importance of the question of education, of great significance for the LGTB activism of the time. It refers to different theoretical sources, including significant works of queer and gender theorists and archival material of the gay activism of the late Francoism. It studies how the first activism aimed to prove wrong old myths around homosexuality and to convince the new democratic society of the importance of the acceptance of sexual diversity, and how the so-called strategy of the «Trojan horse» was used in order to introduce, making use of the media, educational messages. The film Los placeres ocultos is taken as a case study to examine the legacy of the connection between education and LGTB liberation in cinema; the analysis is helpful to explore the difficulties of the use of film narratives with educational intentions, as well as to understand the first steps in the creation of innovative discourses of little tradition in Spanish culture.

By examining how NGOs operate in Southern India in the early 2000's, this book discusses the challenges faced by small, local NGOs in the uncertain times of changing aid dynamics. The key findings focus on what empowerment means for Indian women, and how NGO accountability to these groups is an important part of the empowerment being realised. The notion of community empowerment, in which the 'solidarity' of a group can be a path to individual empowerment, is discussed, as well as analysing how empowerment can be a useful concept in development. Based on case studies of 15 NGOs as well as in-depth interviews with 80 women's self-help groups, the book highlights the key features of effective empowerment programs. The author uses innovative statistical analysis tools to show how a key factor in empowerment of marginalised women is the accountability relationship between themselves and the supporting NGO. The book goes on to discuss the ways that NGOs can work with communities in the future, and recognises the limitations of a donor-centric accountability framework. It provides a useful contribution to studies on South Asia as well as Gender and Development Studies. Contents: Introduction; 1. Non-Governmental Organisations in India; 2. The work of NGOs in India - SHGs and Women's Empowerment; 3. Rural NGOs; 4. Pune Waste-picker program; 5. Measuring Women's Empowerment; 6. NGO Accountability; 7. Conclusion.

"Shae Smith Cox's The Fabric of Civil War Society examines the material culture of military uniforms, badges, and flags during and after America's bloodiest conflict. She suggests that these objects both represented and influenced the identity of Americans. She also reveals how the study of material culture allows for a better understanding of the war and its commemoration, especially regarding women's roles, the lives of African Americans and indigenous peoples, and the struggles of the common soldier. Cox's study traces the influences of uniforms, badges, and flags throughout the war and Reconstruction as markers of power and authority for both sides. She then shows how sewn materials from the conflict became cherished objects by the turn of the century, a transition seen in veterans replacing their wartime uniforms with new commemorative attire and repatriating Confederate battle flags. Looking specifically at the creation of material culture by various commemoration groups, including the Grand Army of the Republic, the Woman's Relief Corps, the United Confederate Veterans, and the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Cox suggests the ways that American society largely accepted their messages, furthering the mission of their memory work. The objects themselves suggest how starkly divided Americans were and how starkly divided they remained. Studying material culture in the form of uniforms, badges, and flags allows Cox to reinterpret a variety of Civil War topics, including preparation for war, nuances in relationships between Native American and African American soldiers, the roles of women, and the rise of post-war memorial societies. Her work will interest scholars who study the Civil War and its memory"--

Focusing on the attitudes and experiences of American female diplomats and spouses, this book examines the social, political, and cultural dimensions of American interactions with the Middle East and North Africa in the five decades after the Second World War. A turbulent period, marked by conflicts associated with the Cold War and decolonization, it was also characterized by changing attitudes to women at odds with those in Moslem societies. The impact of those changes is explored throughout this book, principally drawing on personal oral histories included in the 'Frontline Diplomacy' collection, but reinforced by cables passing between regional U.S. embassies and the State Department in Washington DC

Non-elite or marginalized early modern women-among them the poor, migrants, members of religious or ethnic minorities, abused or abandoned wives, servants, and sex workers-have seldom left records of their experiences. Drawing on a variety of sources, including trial records, administrative paperwork, letters, pamphlets, hagiography, and picaresque literature, this volume explores how, as social agents, these doubly invisible women built and used networks and informal alliances to supplement the usual structures of family and community that often let them down. Ten essays, ranging widely in geography from the eastern Mediterranean to colonial Spanish America and in time from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, show how flexible, sometimes ad hoc relationships could provide crucial practical and emotional support for women who faced problems of livelihood, reputation, displacement, and violence

Nach Einschätzung von Expert*innen wird sich die Arbeitswelt infolge der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung in den kommenden ein bis zwei Jahrzehnten fundamental verändern. Einige Beobachter*innen prognostizieren, dass sich dieser Wandel auch auf die Geschlechterverhältnisse in Betrieb und Verwaltung auswirken wird. Die Tagung hat einen Beitrag dazu geleistet, den Blick auf diese zukünftigen Entwicklungen zu schärfen. Anhand empirischer Erkenntnisse aus der Arbeitsmarkt- sowie der ­Arbeits- und Geschlechterforschung wurde die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für die Arbeit vorgestellt. Diskutiert wurde außerdem, wie der digitale Wandel das Geschlechterverhältnis berührt und verändern kann. Ein besonderes Augenmerk lag auf der Frage, wie Erkenntnisse der Geschlechterforschung in die Unternehmen, in die Arbeits- und Technikgestaltung sowie in die Informatik einfließen können. Ein weiteres Thema war die Frage, welche Bedeutung Informatiker*innen als gestaltenden Akteur*­innen der Digitalisierung zukommt, ob und wie Technologien selbst vergeschlechtlicht sind. Aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln (Wissenschaft, Politik, Unternehmen und Gewerkschaften) wurde diskutiert wie Arbeit 4.0 geschlechtergerecht gestaltet werden kann: Welche Erfahrungen haben die unterschiedlichen Akteur*innen? Welche Optionen erkennen sie im Prozess der Digitalisierung von Arbeit? Welche Rahmenbedingungen müssen betrieblich geschaffen werden für eine gute und geschlechtergerechte Arbeit? Gibt es verallgemeinerbare Ziele oder verhindert dies die Heterogenität des Feldes? Welche Einflussmöglichkeiten existieren zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt? Das Ziel der Tagung war die gemeinsame Suche nach Antworten auf die Frage, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen durch die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt neue Chancen für Frauen und Männer sowie für mehr Geschlechtergerechtigkeit entstehen.

This book is dedicated to the role of work organizations when it comes to the realization of an active fatherhood. Firstly, it deals with barriers for active fatherhood and its correlating mechanisms of inequality: Which aspects of discrimination and social closure do fathers face today if they assert a claim for active fatherhood, and with what kind of barriers are they confronted? Secondly, capabilities of fathers are addressed: Which is their possible scope of action, and which factors lead to differences in capabilities at the workplace? Finally, the book analyzes the meaning of organizational rationalities, and the effects of policies and programs on change and organizational learning with respect to fatherhood.

Tomo I: La institucionalización. - 189 S. : Tab., Lit.Hinw., 2007. ISBN 970-9967-18-5; Tomo II: Los problemas sociales y metodológicos. - 351 S. : Tab., Lit.Hinw., 2008. ISBN 970-9967-13-4