Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this project was to create guidelines of practice for college athletic directors in creating injury waivers for their departments. It is the complexity of the different issues concerning the waiver that ledSteve Horton, an Assistant Athletic Director at Virginia Tech to suggest the need for the development of standards for collegiate athletic programs in Virginia (Horton, 1993). However, it is possible for standards to be developed that can be used for any athletic department as long as the users are aware of the applicable laws in their own states. Creation of general guidelines will provide a tool which athletic departments can use in establishing their standard of care to the athletes. The establishment of tangible guidelines may make the use of injury waivers as a defense, more plausible in court ; Master of Science

This study examines the generic roles of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) in post-cold war Northeast Asia and the specific functions of economic and environmental CBMs. Special attention is paid to the domestic roots of these CBMs in Japan, South Korea (ROK), and North Korea (DPRK), and their impact on each country's policies regionally. Environmental CBMs are evolving within the context of strategic and economic CBMs in Northeast Asia, but they possess unique characteristics on the governmental and non-governmental organization (NGO) levels. The importance of environmental CBMs in the post-cold war era are described and contrasted in this report and their efficacy is evaluated as instruments to reduce regional tensions ; Office of Naval Intelligence, Ocean Sciences Branch ; http://archive.org/details/northeastasianco00olse ; Office of Naval Intelligence ; NA ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. ; This report contains 359 summaries of research projects which were carried out under funding of the Naval Postgraduate School Research Program. A list of recent publications is also included which consists of conference presentations and publications, books, contributions to books, published journal papers, and technical reports. The research was conducted in the areas of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Meteorology, National Security Affairs, Oceanography, Operations Research, Physics, and Systems Management. This also includes research by the Command, Control and Communications (C3) Academic Group, Electronic Warfare Academic Group, Space Systems Academic Group, and the Undersea Warfare Academic Group.

The connection between administrative structure and policy strategy for public agencies is neither well understood, nor widely appreciated in political science. Much more emphasis is placed on the structure of linkages between bureaucracies and other political institutions. In this article, 1 advance an argument explaining the importance of strategy in policymaking for public agencies, and demonstrate how the concept needs to be refined in order for it to have meaning for public sector organizations. Strategy is analyzed in terms of two categories of uncertainty: generalized and contingent. Because of the ubiquitousness of generalized uncertainty in public policymaking, developing a capacity for anticipating uncertainty problems is critical in strategy formation. Whether that capacity exists is a function of administrative structure. 1 further present an argument for why structure deserves consideration as a political and technical matter, and not simply as a consequence of political preferences.

When exhibitions set out to impart information, they are a means of communication. Whether they succeed depends in large measure on the sensitivity of the designers to their audience, the visitors. Finding out what visitors are like is an aspect of evaluation, and the earlier this knowledge is fed into the design process, the greater the chance of success in producing good designs. Front-end evaluation gives insight into visitors and their requirements at the planning stage, when it can be used most effectively. The authors report on three projects where front-end evaluation has been used, one to plan a substantial series of exhibitions on the earth sciences, a second to design an exhibition on an important but unpopular group of animals, and a third to develop an exhibition for a specialist audience.

Central-America is a region where Norwegian development assistance started in the mid 1980s. Few Norwegian scientists have experience from this part of the world. As part of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs scholarship program a mission was undertaken to a study water resources management in Guatemala and Nicaragua. The objective of the mission was to assess the water resources problems facing Central American and to assess the administrative and legal framework for water resources management. Both countries face severe water management problems as well as problems realated to development economy, political unrest, etc. Most water resources are severly polluted and the knowledge about the resource is limited. Solving the water management problems will require substantial technical assistance. Several potential projects are proposed in the report. ; The Norwegian Research Council for Science of the Humanity

Recent work in planning and political science has shown the dura­ bility of liberal hopes for •progressive cities• (Clave! 1986, Clave! and Wiewel 1991, Deleon 1992, Goldsmith and Blakely 1992). In Chi­cago, New York, and San Francisco, long-dominant •pro-growth coali­tions• have fallen to alternative coalitions who tried to ensure that more resources reached or remained in the hands of "the community" (Mollenkopf 1983 and 1993, Elkin 1987, Stone 1989, Deleon 1992, Clave! and Wiewel 1991). In practice, this diversion of resources tended to mean more power for resident-controlled neighborhood groups (Castells 1983), more resources for non-profit economic and housing development corporations (Mier and Moe 1991), more oppor­ tunities for public participation in local decision-making (Keating and Krumholz 1991 ), and constraints on large-scale real estate developers (Deleon 1992).

The nature and level of rewards to politicians is an important issue in public management. It receives little theoretical attention in academic political science today, although it offers the basis of a Popperian 'crucial experiment' for testing the explanatory claims of the rent-seeking rational choice model of politics. This paper discusses the extent to which the core rent-seeking model can explain observed patterns of political rewards. It considers the core model against two modified models (each with two variants), using data from Australia and the UK and a limited number of observations drawn from other countries. The core-rent-seeking rational choice model appears to have poor explanatory power. A familiar overdetermination problem arises in testing the explanatory claims of modified models. Some disaggregation may be needed to refine the approach.

Michael Oakeshott (1901-1990) was a political philosopher associated for most of his academic career with Caius and Gonville College as Official Fellow and Lecturer in History and later with the London School of Econom- ics as Professor of Political Science. His name is sometimes mentioned with those of two other famous thinkers associated with the LSE-Karl Popper and F. A. Hayek-and like them he has had a notable influence on contem- porary political thought. Yet whereas Hayek and Popper wrote a great deal on a variety of topics and were often at the center of academic controversy, Oakeshott wrote little, was not much given to academic disputation (with the exception of a reply to critics in a 1975 symposium in the pages of this journal) and, for many, remains an enigma

The Electrification of Russia, 1880–1926 is the first full account of the widespread adoption of electricity in Russia, from the beginning in the 1880s to its early years as a state technology under Soviet rule. Jonathan Coopersmith has mined the archives for both the tsarist and the Soviet periods to examine a crucial element in the modernization of Russia. Coopersmith shows how the Communist Party forged an alliance with engineers to harness the socially transformative power of this science-based enterprise. A centralized plan of electrification triumphed, to the benefit of the Communist Party and the detriment of local governments and the electrical engineers. Coopersmith's narrative of how this came to be elucidates the deep-seated and chronic conflict between the utopianism of Soviet ideology and the reality of Soviet politics and economics.

This project report defines network robustness and discusses capability indicators that could be used to analyze network robustness. Growing dependence on telecommunication networks and recent network outages have focused attention on network robustness. The National Communications System (NCS), a confederation of 23 Federal departments and agencies, has been concerned with network robustness since its formation in 1963. The NCS is developing and implementing systems and services that enhance the capability of the public switched networks to support critical Government communication requirements during times of crisis or emergency. Quantitative indicators of network robustness are needed to analyze the benefits of these enhancements. This project proposes a set of candidate capability indicators that could be used by the NCS in future analyses of the public switched networks with and without network enhancements. ; Master of Science

Alexandre Etkind, Rise and fall of the "paedological " movement. From psychoanalysis to the "new Soviet man."
The article relates the history of paedology (pedologiia) in USSR in the 1920's and 1930's. Elaborated by Stanley Hall, paedology was introduced in USSR at the beginning of the NEP and enjoyed extraordinary success since it was officially implanted in schools. Its objective being the interdisciplinary, total ("complex") knowledge of the child, it came up to the expectations of the regime and of part of the scientific world: it was to result in practical applications tallying with the scheduled "new man." It was, furthermore, a last shelter for the innovative trends in psychology and pedagogy, in particular after the near prohibition of psychoanalysis. It was blacklisted as "bourgeois pseudo-science" in 1936 by a decree of the Central Committee which put an end to the research in this field.

The Electrification of Russia, 1880–1926 is the first full account of the widespread adoption of electricity in Russia, from the beginning in the 1880s to its early years as a state technology under Soviet rule. Jonathan Coopersmith has mined the archives for both the tsarist and the Soviet periods to examine a crucial element in the modernization of Russia. Coopersmith shows how the Communist Party forged an alliance with engineers to harness the socially transformative power of this science-based enterprise. A centralized plan of electrification triumphed, to the benefit of the Communist Party and the detriment of local governments and the electrical engineers. Coopersmith's narrative of how this came to be elucidates the deep-seated and chronic conflict between the utopianism of Soviet ideology and the reality of Soviet politics and economics.

Examines the discursive encounter between Marxism & Christianity in the evolution of liberation theology (LT) in Latin America. The origins of liberation theology in the late 1950s are discussed, & key innovations of LT involving the use of Marxism as a science for developing Christian praxis are examined. Recent efforts by advocates of LT have resulted in both more sensitivity to poverty & exploitation by the Catholic church & a softening of the negative view of religion held by Marxists. It is also demonstrated that LT in Latin America has historically eschewed the theoretical Marxism of the West in favor of the sociological & economic Marxism of dependency theory, as elaborated by such writers as Orlando Fals Borda & Theotonio dos Santos. It is concluded that LT is well on the way to becoming a staple of Christian theology. W. Howard

Toutes les formes de culture devraient être approchées comme un possible enrichissement, la diversité considérée sous tous ses aspects. Cela ne fut jamais pour ce qui a trait au reboutement et à ses procédés ; du fait, entre autres, de la notion de secret qui fonde la transmission du savoir dans les sociétés rurales et artisanales. L'avènement de l'Eglise puis l'institutionalisation des diverses professions de santé ont permis de rejeter comme irrationnelles des pratiques efficaces aux yeux de tous. Les conflits se sont articulés autour d'exigences culturelles, professionnelles ou économiques et ils ont aggravé l'intolérance en favorisant les méconnaissances. Ces dernières ont ensuite été perpétuées au nom de la science et du progrès sans jamais laisser soupçonner tout un réseau complexe de concepts et d'attitudes. Réseau qui fait appel à tous les mécanismes originels ayant autorisé la station debout chez l'homme.