Suchergebnisse

Contiene: The arsenobenzols, methods of analysis and chemical determination (official reports) / report by Blumentals, St. Weil, Poplawski .-- Págs. 207-224 -- Communications

Scholars of democracy long looked to the Federal Republic of Germany as a notable "success story," a model for how to transition from a violent, authoritarian regime to a peaceable nation of rights. Although this account has been contested since its inception, the narrative has proved resilient - and it is no surprise that the current moment of crisis that Western democracies are experiencing has provoked new interest in how democracies come to be. This volume casts a fresh look at the early years of this fledgling democracy and draws attention to the broad range of ways democracy and the democratic subject were conceived and rendered at this time. These essays highlight the contradictory and competing impulses that ran through the project to democratize postwar society and cast a critical eye toward the internal biases that shaped the model of Western democracy. In so doing, the contributions probe critical questions that we continue to grapple with today. How did postwar thinkers understand what it meant to be democratic? Did they conceive of democratic subjectivity in terms of acts of participation, a set of beliefs or principles, or perhaps in terms of particular feelings or emotions? How did the work to define democracy and its subjects deploy notions of nation, race, and gender or sexuality? As this book demonstrates, the case of West Germany offers compelling ways to think more broadly about the emergence of democracy. The Arts of Democratization offers lessons that resonate with the current moment as we consider what interventions may be necessary to resuscitate democracy today.

Abstract This essay provides a series of reflections on the current state of demography as seen by four early-career researchers who are actively engaged in aspects of the discipline as varied as research, teaching, mentorship, data collection efforts, policy making, and policy advising. Despite some claims that the discipline is weakening, we showcase the great potential of the field and outline promising pathways and novel directions for the future. In so doing, we critically assess recent innovations in data quality and availability, stressing the need to "revolutionize" the way that demographic methods are taught by adopting a viewpoint that more closely reflects the rapidly changing, or "fast," nature of global social phenomena such as conflict-related displacements, environmental disasters, migration streams, pandemics, and evolving population policies. We conclude by discussing the relevance of careful demographic analyses for policy making, stressing three main points: (i) the need to make demography more visible and understandable to the public eye; (ii) the importance of engaging and co-creating with local communities to "break" the academic bubble; and (iii) the urge to counteract the spread of misinformation—a phenomenon that has become even more visible in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Background: COVID-19's appearance, and subsequent pandemic, stunned the world. The spread is rapid, and research continues to this day, prompting the WHO and government to develop ever-evolving rules. The group can break the chain of COVID-19 disease transmission by implementing hygiene precautions such as wearing masks, washing hands with soap, bringing hand sanitizers, and maintaining distance, or what is commonly referred to as social distancing and independent isolation. Aim: As the title states, this research aimed to study the dualism between human rights and public interest in using mask during COVID-19 era. Method: This analysis employs a research methodology that includes a review of normative legal studies. Findings: Using a mask is a fundamental right that everyone has to breathe safe, virus-free air. Additionally, a mask promotes group rather than individual interests. As a result, the government acts by enacting legislation restricting the use of masks and enforcing other health protocols during this COVID-19 pandemic period, using sanctions to educate citizens about the importance of mask use today.

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of views on the issues of alcohol production and abuse by the largest ideologue of Russian conservatism M. N. Katkov – editor-publisher of the newspaper "Moskovskie Vedomosti" and the magazine "Russkii Vestnik". It analyses the speeches of the famous publicist and his associates on the pages of these publications aimed at alterations in the excise system, in force since 1863, in order to limit the excessive consumption of strong alcoholic beverages and overcome its severe social consequences. The reasons that prompted the famous publicist in the early 1880s to launch a campaign for the introduction of a wine monopoly are explained: the decline of the popularity of the liberal economic doctrine in the West as a result of the world economic crisis of 1873–1878; the rise of the movement in European countries for the transfer of the drinking trade to the treasury under the influence of stagnation in agriculture; the expansion of state intervention in economic life in Russia. The article points out the arguments given by Katkov in favor of a monopoly, which, in his opinion, had to allow regulating the distillery industry, ending rampant drunkenness, eradicating drunkenness and corruption in the beverage business. It is particularly noted that Katkov considered this reform one of the main points of his program for creating a "national" economy in Russia, protected from the West by high customs barriers and assuming multilateral participation of the state in the development of the national economy, and these attitudes largely corresponded to the protectionist course of the government in the reign of the penultimate Russian tsar, Alexander III.

The Meshoko rock shelter was first explored in the 1960s. Along with some other settlements in the vicinity, its materials were interpreted as evidence of the synchronism of the early Maykop and late Eneolithic cultures. Modern excavations have shown that Maykop and Eneolithic finds are concentrated in different layers, with natural deposits between them. The stratigraphic sequence of the Meshoko rock shelter consisted of six main layers. Maykop artifacts were in the third layer from above. The most interesting object discovered there is the hearth, the base and walls of which were formed by limestones. No evidence of a dwelling was found, which probably indicates the temporary nature of the settlement. The few Eneolithic materials cannot be confidently synchronized with the Maykop culture. It is more likely that they were introduced into the third layer through pits which were dug down from the Maykop level. The bulk of the collection of the third layer is associated with the Maykop culture, most likely with the middle stage of its development (Inozemtsevo-Kostromskaia). This conclusion corresponds to the radiocarbon dates of the settlement, which were about 3600–3000 BC. The Meshoko rock shelter is located at the bottom of the mountain gorge. This is unusual for Maykop sites, which, as a rule, occupy the steppe and flat areas of the foothills. Also, there are no close analogies in the paleoethnobotany and archaeozoology assemblages. The study of these ecofacts indicate that the Maykop population probably lived in a forest zone and was well adapted to the conditions of the local environment.

"We study the distortion features of homeomorphisms of Sobolev class $W^{1,1}_{\rm loc}$ admitting integrability for $p$-outer dilatation. We show that such mappings belong to $W^{1,n-1}_{\rm loc},$ are differentiable almost everywhere and possess absolute continuity in measure. In addition, such mappings are both ring and lower $Q$-homeomorphisms with appropriate measurable functions $Q.$ This allows us to derive various distortion results like Lipschitz, H\""older, logarithmic H\""older continuity, etc. We also establish a weak bounded variation property for such class of homeomorphisms."

The aim of the research was to explore the factors conditioning the origin and development of selected sections of the Way of St. James within the territory of Visegrad Group countries.[1] The cognitive aim of the research was to determine the correctness of the spatial route of the Way of St. James, as well as to present the phenomenon of dynamic development of Routes of St. James in the said countries. The creation of the first sections of the Way of St. James in V4 countries was influenced by a number of geographical, historical, religious, economic, political, and socio-cultural factors. In the majority of marked routes of St. James in the studied area, the key factor was the entrepreneurial attitude of people who had completed pilgrimages along the Camino de Santiago to Santiago de Compostela or who had come in contact with pilgrims themselves. It was only on further stages of development of the Way of St. James in individual regions that Camino projects were backed by regional authorities together with church authorities. The research shows that in the study area, the most intensive development of the Way of St. James and initiatives connected with Camino de Santiago can be seen in Poland.

In the years since 1989, the societies of Russia and Eastern Europe have undergone a remarkable transformation from socialism to democracy and free market capitalism. Making an important contribution to the theoretical literature of urbanism and post-communist transition, this significant book considers the change in the spatial structure of post-Soviet urban spaces since the period of transition began. It argues that the era of transformation can be considered as largely complete, and that this has given way to a new stage of development as part of the global urban and economic system: post-transformation. The authors examine the modern trends in the urban development of western and post-socialist countries, and explore the theories of the transformation and post-transformation of urban space. Providing a wealth of detailed qualitative research on the Russian city of St. Petersburg, the study examines the changing structure of its retail trade and services sector. Overall, this book is an important step forward in the study of the spatial dynamics of urban transformation in the former communist world.