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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SMEs in Georgia, identify the challenges of SMEs in pandemic conditions, and analyze government economic policy measures. For this purpose, 102 small and medium entrepreneurs from different regions of Georgia were interviewed. The survey was conducted by sending a questionnaire through digital channels. The results were processed using data analysis, quantitative and qualitative research methods, and presented graphically. As a result, key challenges and development directions that are typical for SMEs operations in Georgia during the pandemic were identified. For 60.8% of surveyed SME owners, lockdown is the main challenge. Sales volume of 45.1% of SMEs decreased. In addition, 39.3% of the surveyed SME owners increased the innovative capabilities of a company and 37.2% increased the sales volume of a company through digital channels. The main challenge of the pandemic, lockdown, gave impetus to a change in entrepreneurial behavior. In a pandemic, entrepreneurial activity has become more favorable through digital channels. During the pandemic, there is a need to continue the government's program of tax incentives and subsidies for SMEs. In addition, the government should promote education in the fields of entrepreneurship, innovation, and technology.

Innovative technologies for new products and consumption, a secondary product revolution, have dramatically changed the course of the Bronze Age economic transformations. Changes included introduction of an innovative technology of wool production and it's spread among the Northern Eurasia population during 3000–2000 BC. Sophisticated methods of studying the ancient wool textile obtained from the Bronze Age sites of Northern Eurasia, i.e. technological analyses, radiocarbon dating, and the identification of the isotope signature preserved in the wool textile, made it possible not only to discuss the time the wool fiber appeared in the Bronze Age textile production and to determine the cultural context and areas but also to discuss a new hypothesis on the formation of so called Wool Road in early 2nd millennium BC – a route that connected the foothills, forest-steppe, and forest regions of Eastern Europe in the West and South Siberia and China in the East. The discovery of wool textiles and their radiocarbon dating clearly defines the spread of the innovative textile strategies out of the Near East from the South to the North, then from the North Caucasus Piedmont areas from the West to the East. The author suggests that one of the ways the wool textile spread to west was from the southern steppe region of Eastern Europe via the Black Sea steppes.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the sustainable development strategy of green finance under the background of big data.Design/methodology/approachFrom the perspective of big data, this paper uses quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to judge the correlation among green finance, environmental supervision and financial supervision. Green finance gives the entropy method to calculate the score of green finance and environmental regulation, and establishes the spatial lag model under the double fixed effects of time and space.FindingsSpatial autocorrelation test shows that economic spatial weight matrix has obvious spatial effect on green innovation. Through the model selection test, the space lag model with fixed time and space is selected. The regression coefficients of green finance, environmental regulation and their interaction are 0.1598, 0.0541 and 0.1763, respectively, which significantly promote green innovation. The regression coefficients of openness, higher education level and per capita GDP are 0.0361, 0.0819 and 0.0686, respectively, which can significantly promote green innovation.Originality/valueIn view of the current situation of large-scale application of big data technology in green innovation of domestic energy-saving and environmental protection enterprises, this paper establishes a fixed time lag evaluation model of green innovation. M-test statistics show that the original hypothesis with no obvious spatial effect is rejected.

Organizations are experiencing increased challenges due to changed environmental circumstances that threaten their survival including institutions of higher learning. There is therefore a growing concern for universities to be strategically aligned so as to meet the growing challenges of the societies in which they operate by creating ecosystems that drive industrialization through the generation of new knowledge, technology transfer and support of new start-ups. Additionally, concerns have been raised as regards the quality and relevance of services offered by the universities in Kenya. Owing to these limitations, there is a need for the higher education sector to consider inspirational motivation practices between the leaders and their followers so as to enhance performance. This study, therefore, sought to establish the effect of inspirational motivation on the academic performance of selected universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on transformational leadership theory. Positivism research philosophy was adopted where explanatory and descriptive research designs were used for guiding the collection and analysis of data. Primary data was collected from deans of schools and chairmen of departments in the selected universities. The study established a significant positive effect of inspirational motivation on academic performance of universities at p<0.05; t=8.057 and hence concluded that inspirational motivation positively affects university academic performance of selected universities in Kenya.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the use of m-government applications for public services providing in Brazil. As a secondary objective, the paper aims to analyze the relationship between the use of m-government applications and development.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objective of this research, the 100 smartest cities of Brazil were selected and the mobile apps provided by their local governments were identified. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted, including content analysis technique, chi-square test and regression analysis.FindingsThe results show that mobile apps developed by local governments of Brazilian smart cities include information and public services access, health, education, security, tourism, water supply system, environment, among others. The results also show a positive relationship between apps downloads and development indexes.Social implicationsThis paper emphasizes the social side of information technology, showing that it can contribute to the implementation of more inclusive cities that respond to the needs and interests of their citizens.Originality/valueThis paper presents empirical evidences of the potential benefits of m-government technologies for development in an emerging country. Moreover, it highlights how mobile applications developed by local governments may lead to a better quality of life of the population, considering a comprehensive approach of development that involves its economic, social and human dimensions.

Objective: This article analyzes the innovation, management technologies and the dimensions and components of technological capacity as success factors and perennity in micro and small companies and organizational excellence in public organizations.Methodology/Approach: Data were extracted from secondary sources in the literature. In the field, the universe was of 1.700 industrial companies, 15.112 of service delivery companies, 16 hospitals and 03 universities, with stratified random samples and for accessibility. The data received statistical treatment: descriptive analysis, levene test of homogeneity of variances and variance analysis, correlation test, regression, and multiple correlation.Originality/Relevance: Integrated sustainability administration model, as a management technology, emerges as an innovation alternative for private and public organizations, which, together with the dimensions and components of technological capacity, expands the perspectives of organizational development and market competitiveness.Main results: In the empirical analysis, it suggests that innovation and management technologies combined with the competent dimensions of technological capacity, favor organizational development, the success and perennity of micro and small industrial and service delivery companies, and organizational excellence in public organizations.Theoretical/methodological contributions: This study contributes to literature of innovation field, management technologies, dimensions, and components of technological capacity to academia.Social/management contributions: The use of management technologies combined with the dimensions and components of technological capacity in micro and small industrial companies and public organizations, impacts on sustainable management and social development.

In the Philippines, more than 7000 cases of sexual assault are reported annually. DNA technology is a powerful tool in identifying assailants. However, it is not routinely used in sexual assault investigations due to insufficient government support to cover the high cost of DNA testing and the absence of a national system for sample collection, handling, storage, and DNA testing of biological evidence. In itself, the nature of sexual assault samples containing DNA mixtures presents challenges to laboratory methods and interpretation of results. The sample recovered from the victim may only contain trace amounts of the assailant's DNA, may have degraded due to prolonged storage in ambient conditions which is warm and humid in the tropics, or contaminated with inhibitors, such as in anal swabs. Hence, a closer evaluation of the processes of evidence collection and DNA testing is needed to increase the likelihood of success in generating conclusive results. In this paper, we propose an integrated system for DNA testing of biological samples collected from sexual assault victims considering the limitations of resources and the prevailing warm climate. Recommendations in this work should provide basis for formulating national guidelines for DNA analysis in aid of criminal investigations. The proposed scheme can be adopted by forensic DNA laboratories in the Philippines and in other countries facing similar challenges.

This article interrogates the relationship between the development of national diagnostic technologies and the exercise of sovereignty, by analysing a Brazilian project to produce a nucleic acid test (NAT) for the country's blood screening programme. The concept of 'molecular sovereignty' is proposed to demonstrate that exercising sovereignty demands not only technological resources but also a sufficiently powerful and national imaginary to support local knowledge production as a means of advancing national healthcare priorities. First, this research article contextualises the political importance of blood safety for Brazil during its transition to democracy in the 1980s and the creation of its universal healthcare system. Then, it investigates how adopting the NAT led the state to invest in the production of a national technology. Third, the article unpacks the diagnostic test to consider how certain aspects of the project might ultimately strengthen the ability of global capital to cross national boundaries and create new markets. Lastly, it discusses how the project ended up creating a centralised and 'closed' system to avoid leaving the country vulnerable to the entry of global diagnostic companies. This case demonstrates how the molecularisation of blood, through the construction of a unified healthcare system driven by the constitutional right to health, can be deployed to construct imagined communities on the scale of a nation.

Covid-19 cases spread throughout the world. This Covid-19 case has disturb to all aspects of life, even the education sector has been affected. The government's efforts to continue the learning process with distance learning (online) as known as online learning. Expansion of this technology has begun to be used by several schools in Indonesia to implementation of their educational programs, as known as e-learning. One of them is using LMS Moddle. LMS Moddle supports to submit of learning materials, assessment, collaboration and interaction between teacher and student. Aircraft Component Machining subject were delivered by distance learning model in Vocational High School. This study aims to determine improvement of student learning outcomes with the application of online learning models. The design of this study uses Quasi-Experimental Design with Equivalent Time Series types. The research sample was 30 students from class XI Vocational High School at Bandung. The application of the syntax of the online learning model contains five steps of the learning process, namely performance support materials, self-paced learning, live events, collaboration, and assessment. The results of the study based on average value of N-gain showed that student learning outcomes had increased. User response online learning models are include in interesting category.

With the introduction of Industry 4.0, there has been a revolutionary change in the way of manufacturing. Digitalization being an important factor of this insurgence is playing a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of production, producing better quality goods and helping in construction of novel and innovative business models. The Small and Medium scale Enterprises are backbone to developing nations like India, which are a source of income and employment to millions of families. In a country with a huge demographic sector and abundant labour, SMEs play a crucial role in the development and growth of the economy. The contribution of SMEs to the national GDP is around 29% and 49.6% to the total exports in the financial year 2018-19 (PIB Delhi, 2019). That is why they are called as the growth engine of the Indian economy. But in digital era, they fail to make their stand in the global market due to lack of technology upgradation and digitalization. The focus of this paper is on the need and requirement for digitalization in SMEs in India. With the present government schemes like Digital India, Make in India, E-Governance, a new and emerging consumer market the paper further explores possible opportunities and challenges in the way for adopting a complete digitalization of SMEs.

The world's population is forecasted of having 68% to be urban residents by 2050 while urbanization in the world continues to grow. Along with that phenomenon, there is a global trend towards the creation of smart cities in many countries. Looking at the overview of studies and reports on smart cities, it can be seen that the concept of "smart city" is not clearly defined. Information and communication technology have often been being recognized by the vast majority of agencies, authorities and people when thinking about smart city but the meaning of smart city goes beyond that. Smart city concept should come with the emphasizing on the role of social resources and smart urban governance in the management of urban issues. Therefore, the "smart city" label should refer to the capacity of smart people and smart officials who create smart urban governance solutions for urban problems. The autonomy in smart cities allows its members (whether individuals or the community in general) of the city to participate in governance and management of the city and become active users and that is the picture of e-democracy. E-democracy makes it easier for stakeholders to become more involved in government work and fosters effective governance by using the IT platform of smart city. This approach will be discussed more in this paper.

In the Philippines, more than 7000 cases of sexual assault are reported annually. DNA technology is a powerful tool in identifying assailants. However, it is not routinely used in sexual assault investigations due to insufficient government support to cover the high cost of DNA testing and the absence of a national system for sample collection, handling, storage, and DNA testing of biological evidence. In itself, the nature of sexual assault samples containing DNA mixtures presents challenges to laboratory methods and interpretation of results. The sample recovered from the victim may only contain trace amounts of the assailant's DNA, may have degraded due to prolonged storage in ambient conditions which is warm and humid in the tropics, or contaminated with inhibitors, such as in anal swabs. Hence, a closer evaluation of the processes of evidence collection and DNA testing is needed to increase the likelihood of success in generating conclusive results. In this paper, we propose an integrated system for DNA testing of biological samples collected from sexual assault victims considering the limitations of resources and the prevailing warm climate. Recommendations in this work should provide basis for formulating national guidelines for DNA analysis in aid of criminal investigations. The proposed scheme can be adopted by forensic DNA laboratories in the Philippines and in other countries facing similar challenges.

The application of high-power ultrasounds (US) at 28 kHz to the crushed grapes and the use of different pomace contact times caused changes in the content and composition of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in the musts and wines. These differences were maintained from the moment of pressing (end of maceration) until the end of the alcoholic fermentation. The US increased the content of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in the musts by facilitating their extraction from the solid parts during maceration. The application of medium maceration time (3 days) to sonicated grapes led to an extraction of polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose, rhamnogalacturonan type II (RG-II) and mannoproteins (MP), similar to that observed in the control wines made with an extended maceration of 7 days (968.21 vs. 1029.45; 895.04 vs. 1700.50; 356.81 vs. 343.95, respectively). This fact was attributed to a higher extraction in the must during the sonication process and to an important release of pectic polysaccharides during the pressing of the sonicated pomace, which is reported here for the first time. Therefore, the US technology could be useful for increasing the polysaccharide content in the wines or for reducing the maceration time needed to achieve certain levels of wine polysaccharides. ; This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades from the Spanish Government and Feder Funds, grant number RTI2018-093869-B-C21.

In the scientific literature on energy transition toward decarbonization, the learning process is often described as a preferred way to achieve change. However, despite a large number of theoretical and empirical endeavors, a systematic understanding of the process is still lacking due to the diversity of disciplines and approaches and to the multi-layered nature of the phenomenon. The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the dimensions of learning processes from a cultural psychological point of view in order to understand and assess different planes of the relation between humans and technology. We thus explore the literature following the PRISMA protocol. Through a narrative synthesis, we critically assess the theoretical and methodological advancement, the presence of cultural determinants, the value ascribed to agency, and the depoliticization risk. We found that: theories and methodologies still lack systematicity and concordance in their application ; learning processes are studied with little focus on the context and are mostly treated as facilitators ; agency mostly lacks a psychosocial focus, despite the exploration of multi-level problems ; and the depoliticization of learning is a matter of fact. Nevertheless, positive examples are present, although they are few. Epistemological and political implications are discussed, and a psychosocial conception of agency is proposed, together with a reflective stance for researchers.

The title of this study is a Marketing Strategy of Dadapan Tofu In Pejeng Village, Subdistrict of Tampaksiring. This study aims to identify and analyze internal factors that become the strengths and weaknesses of tofu typical of dadapan in Pejeng village. The strength factor is the pricing of tofu in accordance with the quality to achieve customer satisfaction, the location of strategic dadapan tofu companies, and service from the industry to consumers tofu dadapan. Weakness factors are strategies used not yet maximized, limited promotions, and limited business capital. The opportunity factor is the development of management technology, able to compete with other companies, continuous raw materials are guaranteed. Threat factors are environmental competition, fluctuations in prices and raw materials, competition for quality and quantity of tofu between tofu industries. Marketing strategies know typical of dadapan is in quadrant I, meaning that strategies that can be implemented in quadrant I is growing and building. Startegi alternative that needs to be improved more intensively is strategy SO (Strength Opportunities) Make use of the holiday season, cultural events, and various visits in government agencies by working between industries to meet market demand. The government provides assistance in the procurement of facilities in the sales industry typical of dadapan tofu that is easy to reach consumers, especially in Pejeng Village, Gianyar Regency.