Suchergebnisse

Purpose
This study aims to determine the contribution effect of learning experience on the financial well-being of government retirees in North-Central Nigeria. Special emphasis was placed on the contribution effect of the elements of the learning experience.


Design/methodology/approach
This study used correlational and cross-sectional research designs based on a questionnaire survey of 376 retirees drawn from North-Central Nigeria. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify the factors of learning experience using the Analysis of Moments of Structures (AMOS) software, version 23. The contributory effect of the confirmed sub-domains of learning experience on the financial well-being of retirees was established using hierarchical regression.


Findings
Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed that financial knowledge, financial planning and financial self-efficacy are factors of learning experience. Although the sub-domains of the learning experience are significant predictors of financial well-being, financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial well-being, followed by financial planning and financial self-efficacy. The sub-domains of learning experience collectively explain about 46.5% of the variance in the financial well-being of retirees in North-Central Nigeria.


Originality/value
Unlike most other documentation on financial well-being, which has focused on the general effect of the learning experience as a global variable, this study explores the role played by the three dimensions of learning experience and methodologically isolates the contribution of each dimension with respect to retirees in developing countries. As such, we uncover the reality that all the sub-domains of the learning experience are significant for the financial well-being of retirees in a developing country context, though in varying effects.

AbstractThis paper provides additional evidence on life‐cycle patterns of relative risk aversion, using spline functions generated on Consumer Expenditure Survey data. Human capital is hypothesized to affect relative risk aversion; age has been used in previous work as a proxy for human capital. The objective of this study is to determine whether there is a life‐cycle pattern that is independent of the effect of human capital. The results suggest an affirmative answer. Moreover, this independent life‐cycle pattern is the opposite of that estimated in a previous study that used age as a proxy.

Economists are often skeptical concerning the economic effects of various forms of human rights: it has been argued that basic human rights can make the legal system less efficient but also that extensive social rights are incompatible with market economies. It is argued here that basic human rights are a precondition for other kinds of rights such as property and civil rights and that they are thus efficiency-enhancing. Four different groups of rights are identified. It is asked what effects they have on welfare and growth. The transmission channels through which the different rights affect welfare and growth are identified by estimating their effects on investment in both physical and human capital and overall productivity. Basic human rights have indeed a positive effect on investment, but do not seem to contribute to productivity. Social or emancipatory rights, in turn, are not conducive to investment in physical capital but do contribute to productivity improvements. None of the four groups of rights ever has a significant negative effect on any of the economic variables here included.

SUMMARYThere are three positions concerning the economic effects of human rights discussed among economists. Some economists argue that only property rights matter for economic growth and basic human rights can even make the legal system less efficient. Others argue that negative rights are generally welfare increasing while positive rights tend to reduce income and growth over time. Yet a third group of economists argues that elements of all groups of human rights are a precondition for making productive use of one's resources and are thus efficiency‐enhancing. Based on a cross‐country analysis, the effects of different groups of human rights on economic growth are estimated in this paper. The transmission channels through which the different rights affect growth are identified by estimating their effects on investment and overall productivity. Basic human rights have indeed a positive effect on investment, but do not seem to contribute to productivity. Social rights, in turn, are not conducive to investment in physical capital but do contribute to productivity improvements. None of the four groups of rights covered in this analysis ever has a significant negative effect on any of the economic variables included.

Die dringengsten Probleme einer auf Nachhaltigkeit auszurichtenden Umwelt sind hier versammelt. Der Band basiert auf einer öffentlichen Vortragsreihe im Rahmen der EXPO 2000, veranstaltet vom Forschungsinstitut für Philosophie Hannover. Im Mittelpunkt dabei steht der seit dem Umweltgipfel 1992 in Rio viel und häufig durchaus unscharf verwendete Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit, für die Umweltwissenschaften von zentraler Bedeutung ist. Aus ganz unterschiedlicher Sicht; d.h. von ausgewiesenen Fachleuten verschiedener Disziplinen, wird er beleuchtet und auf den Prüfstand gestellt. In ihren Texten gehen die Autoren (Biologen, Politiker, Theologen, Philosophen, Historiker, Ökonomen) Fragen nach, artikulieren Forderungen, beschreiben Zustände. Zur aktuellen Debatte ein profunder Titel, unverzichtbar für große öffentliche Bibliotheken. (Helga Lüdtke)