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This book presents both a new theoretical framework for the criminalisation of hate, referred to as "law as social justice liberalism", and a comprehensive analysis of hate crime laws that have been enacted globally. The book begins by reflecting back on 30 years of theorisation on hate crime laws, arguing that there has been a failure to adequately capture the distinct harms of hate-based criminal conduct within legal frameworks. The book posits that liberal societies interested in advancing social equality ought to expand conventional paradigms of harm used in criminal law by comprehending hate-based conduct as a form of social injustice. Drawing on the work of Iris Young, the book sets out a comprehensive analysis of the harms of hate crime as a form of group-based oppression and uses this to set out criteria for the inclusion of protected characteristics under legislation. The second half of the book presents findings from a comparative study of hate crime laws enacted in 190 different legal jurisdictions. This includes a new taxonomy of types, models and legal tests used by legislatures to capture the myriad forms of hate-based criminal conduct that occur globally. Further evaluation of case law and empirical research on the application of these diverging legislative approaches is used to provide recommendations on how legislators ought to construct hate crime laws. The book completes its analysis of law as social justice liberalism by synthesising law, punishment and restorative justice as a means of ensuring that liberal systems of "justice" are more firmly anchored to the advancement of "social justice."

"What is interviewing and when is this method useful? What does it mean to select rather than sample interviewees? Once the researcher has found people to interview, how does she build a working relationship with her interviewees? What should the dynamics of talking and listening in interviews be? How do researchers begin to analyze the narrative data generated through interviews?Lee Ann Fujii explores the answers to these inquiries in Interviewing in Social Science Research, the latest entry in the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods. This short, highly readable book explores an interpretive approach to interviewing for purposes of social science research. Using an interpretive methodology, the book examines interviewing as a relational enterprise. As a relational undertaking, interviewing is more akin to a two-way dialogue than a one-way interrogation. Fujii examines the methodological foundations for a relational approach to interviewing, while at the same time covering many of the practical nuts and bolts of relational interviewing. Examples come from the author's experiences conducting interviews in Bosnia, Rwanda, and the United States, and from relevant literatures across a variety of social scientific disciplines. Appendices to the book contain specific tips and suggestions for relational interviewing in addition to interview excerpts that give readers a sense of how relational interviews unfold. This book will be of great value to graduate students and researchers from across the social sciences who are considering or planning to use interviews in their research, and can be easily used by academics for teaching courses or workshops in social science methods."--Provided by publisher.

Social desirability—the desire to make a favorable impression on others—poses a significant threat to the validity of self-reports. This review examines research on social desirability in both forensic and nonforensic populations with the goal of identifying how best to minimize threats to the validity of research with sexual offenders. Although social desirability has long been a major research topic in personality, consensus has not been reached on key questions such as its dimensional structure and whether social desirability constitutes a trait or a response bias. Research with offenders has shown that social desirability is negatively related to recidivism and that different offender subtypes vary in the degree to which social desirability appears to influence self-reports, with child molesters exhibiting the strongest tendency to "fake good." Several methods of controlling for social desirability have been proposed, but the effectiveness of these methods in increasing validity of offender self reports is questionable. Given the lack of consensus in the personality literature, a fresh start is needed in which basic questions regarding social desirability are revisited with respect to offender populations.

Several years before HIV and AIDS became matters of concern, the Second Vatican Council highlighted the importance of promoting and protecting many of these rights when it stated that each person should have ready access to all that is necessary for living a genuinely human life, for example, food, clothing, and housing; the right freely to choose his or her state of life and set up a family; the right to education, and to work, a good name, respect and proper knowledge; the right to act according to the dictates of conscience, to safeguard personal privacy, and to rightful freedom in matters of religion. ; The Church's social teaching refers to a body of teaching on social, economic, political and cultural matters developed over a long period by the Catholic Church, but proposed more explicitly and systematically in the years since 1891. The fundamental assumption of this teaching is that each individual is a social being who at every stage of life depends on others for existence and for the fulfillment of spiritual, intellectual, emotional, physical and social needs. Almost seventy years ago, Pope Pius XII expressed this in picturesque language: "individuals do not feel themselves isolated units, like grains of sand, but (are) united by the very force of their nature and by their internal destiny, into an organic, harmonious mutual relationship". The Second Vatican Council reaffirmed this position very clearly in its statement that the human person is not a solitary being, but a social being who can live and develop his or her full potential only by relating to others.

This study examines how socially-conscious Bengali filmmakers in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India used cinema as a means of political action and came to grips with urgent social and political issues in films made between 1970 and 2002. It focuses on alternative, non-commercial and off-beat feature films because Bengali films that appear to be strong indictments of social and political injustices are produced by directors working outside the commercial film industry. Bengali films produced outside the dominant film industry depart from the conventions and values associated with the entertainment-driven cinema. Bengali alternative filmmakers often employ innovative c1nemabc techniques to convey political criticisms. These Bengali films marked by formal experimentation and political commitment are recognised as politically critical in form and content. This study specifically asks the following questions: how do these serious Bengali filmmakers use cinema as a means of political action? How do these films intervene in a crisis situation? A key follow-up question is: Do these films deal with the actual causes of social injustice, or merely show the effects of social problems? Through the detailed analysis of four specific films, my thesis seeks to discuss and analyse the above questions in order to gain an understanding of Bengali politically critical films. The study also examines how these filmmakers make overt political statements and use cinema language to indict contemporary problems. Another question that is germane to my thesis is: how do these Bengali filmmakers employ strategies of Third Cinema in their political films? In my thesis, Third Cinema theory is used as the main conceptual framework to examine Bengali politically oriented films. The study also draws on various theoretical concepts of political cinema in order to analyse these Bengali films. Using case studies from West Bengal and Bangladesh, the study argues that these Bengali films retain Third Cinema characteristics and they fit within the ...

The first "Volkslauf" at Bobingen on Oct. 13, 1963 signalled the beginning of a development transforming organized running into a sport for the masses, a popular sport of stimulative nature. The extraordinary increase in what followed that "Volkslauf" was amplified by the "Lauftreffs" (first organized in 1974) and the city marathons which have gained more and more ground since the early eighties. All of this resulted in what today we call the jogging movement: "Laufbewegung". Being more than just another kind of sport, to many people jogging has become part of their everyday culture. People are said to practise jogging because it is healthy, improves their basic well-being, breakes the monotony of their everyday lives, turning into a veritable inner sensation. All this is supposed to mingle with a variety of further motives, as it serves personal ambition and efficiency, offers new social experiences, adds up to a "process of self-education"; finally it is supposed to serve the certainty of gaining a piece of identity. Then a career in running Would inevitably mean an integral and essential part of one's biography, an important element of the vital activity required each day of one's life and standing in an indissoluble context with other activities, satisfying needs which have gradually sprung up as by-products of jogging over the years. This must be reflected in the terms of social environment, nature, body-consciousness, competitions and sense of life - sense of running. The jogging movement is considered as a proof of the contradictory nature of advanced societies, as a melting-pot of deeply rooted factors of persistence standing in the wax of any social moulding of subjectivity. It exhibits tendencies leading to divergent assessments- depending on one's point or angle of view. A critical analysis of the jogging movement shows the obvious difficulty of outlining a main direction of social development and biographical evolution.

Partial contents: The American woman and the male historian, by Patricia S. Kruppa; Economics, sex, and gender, by Carolyn Shaw Bell; In search of political woman, by Mary L. Shanley and Victoria Schuck.

This article, "Education for Social Work: Field Work in Developing Nations" is adapted from the first chapter of a book to be titled "Education for Social Work: New Approaches to Field Instruction in Developing Countries." Additional chapters cover such areas as goals and forms of social work education organizational principles. Core material centres on the introduction of an innovative structure within the field teaching-learning process. The article appears in English and Spanish both.

One of the democratic promises of social media relies on the expectation that citizens will be exposed to more diverse sources of information and will consequently be more likely to encounter views that challenge their beliefs and opinions. Still, recent evidence suggests that although social media may increase exposure to difference, citizen also take active steps to reduce the dissonance they encounter by engaging in selective avoidance tactics such as political unfriending and unfollowing. We report the findings from the first comparative study of political unfriending conducted in Asia, which analyzes survey data from two Chinese societies, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We find that political interest, political discussion network size, and political discussion with distant others all predict the likelihood of engaging in selective avoidance on social media. The results also suggest that political interest is a stronger predictor of unfriending in Hong Kong, while social and psychological factors play a more important role in Taiwan.

Objectives: To identify the shared research priorities of patients, caregivers and multidisciplinary renal health and social care professionals across Wales for integrated renal health and social care in Wales. Design: Research priority setting exercise adapted from the James Lind Alliance national priority setting partnership framework in UK healthcare. Setting: Two workshops: one in North Wales with patients, caregivers and multidisciplinary renal health and social care professionals and one in South Wales with the Welsh Renal Clinical Network (commissioners of renal services in Wales). Additional input provided from stakeholders via email correspondence and face to face communications. Participants: Academics n=14, patients n=16, family/carers n=6, multidisciplinary renal healthcare professionals n=40, local authority councils n=3, renal charities n=6 wider third sector organisations n=8, renal industries n=4, Welsh government social care n=3, renal service commissioners n=8. Results: 38 research priority questions grouped into 10 themes were agreed. The themes included: (1) integrating health and social care, (2) education, (3) acute kidney injury, (4) chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, (5) transplantation, (6) dialysis, (7) personalised medicines, (8) cross-cutting priorities, (9) specific social contexts and (10) transitional services and children. Research questions were broad and covered a range of health and social care topics. Patient and professional perspectives broadly overlapped. Research priority setting activities revealed gaps in knowledge in overall service provision and potential areas for service improvement. Conclusions: Mapping priorities in health services and social care highlighted the research needed to support renal health services delivery and commissioning in Wales.

Social Incentives: A Life-Span Developmental Approach presents a developmental perspective about universal social goals, one that provides an examination of human motivation over the life span. The book aims to discover the kind of goals people display in their interactions with one another, how to understand them, how are they acquired, and how do they help in understanding human social behavior. Discussions on the theory of social incentives from the point of view of developmental psychology; social motivations during the different stages of life; and the socialization process based on a l

S. 125-133: Community development. A social progress policy. Summary