Suchergebnisse

Knowledge of hepatitis B and C prevalence, and numbers infected, are important for planning responses. Published HBsAg and anti-HCV prevalences for the 20 WHO European Region countries outside the EU/EFTA were extracted, to complement published data for the EU/EFTA. The general population prevalence of HBsAg (median 3·8%, mean 5·0%, seven countries) ranged from 1·3% (Ukraine) to 13% (Uzbekistan), and anti-HCV (median 2·3%, mean 3·8%, 10 countries) from 0·5% (Serbia, Tajikistan) to 13% (Uzbekistan). People who inject drugs had the highest prevalence of both infections (HBsAg: median 6·8%, mean 8·2%, 13 countries; anti-HCV: median 46%, mean 46%, 17 countries), and prevalence was also elevated in men who have sex with men and sex workers. Simple estimates indicated 13·3 million (1·8%) adults have HBsAg and 15·0 million (2·0%) HCV RNA in the WHO European Region; prevalences were higher outside the EU/EFTA countries. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat these infections need to be maintained and improved.

Part 1: International Growth Concerns -- Economic Nationalism: Constrained and Fragmented, if any? -- Digitalization: Disrupting the Business Models of Multinationals -- Part 2: EU Policies for Growth -- EU Corporate Governance Framework; The Role of the EU Institutions -- The EU Digital Single Market and the Platform Economy -- SMEs and State Aid -- Funding from EU Structural Funds Towards SMEs: Findings and Suggestions on Increasing SMEs Financial Capacity -- EFSI 2.0: The Extension and Enhancement of the European Fund for Strategic Investments as a Case Study for the Review of European Policies -- Foreign Direct Investment and Growth Causality in the EU Countries and in the Transition Economies -- Part 3: Country Specific Analyses on Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth -- FDI to and from the Russian Federation: A Case Study of the Western Balkans and the Role of the EU -- Sovereign Debt Crisis in Greece and its Relation with Foreign Direct Investment and Competitiveness in Greece -- Sector Analysis and Economic Growth in Greece. Domination of Tourism Over Other Sectors -- Immigration and Economic Growth: The Case of Greece.

The importance and functions of trade marks -- OHIM and the appeals system -- Trade mark strategy -- Absolute grounds for refusal -- Relative grounds for refusal and trade mark infringements -- Limitations of exclusivity -- Genuine use -- Grounds for revocation and invalidity -- Priority, seniority, alteration, renewal, resitutio in integrum, and conversion -- Collective marks, certification marks, and guarantee marks -- Transfer -- National trade mark courts, injunctions, provisional measures, and sanctions -- Annex I: Directive 2008/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 -- Annex II: Council Regulations (EC) No 207/2009 of 29 February 2009 on the Community Trade Mark

"Pierre Schammo provides a detailed analysis of EU prospectus law (and the 2010 amendments to the Prospectus Directive) and assesses the new rules governing the European Securities and Markets Authority, including the case law on the delegation of powers to regulatory agencies. In a departure from previous work on securities regulation, the focus is on EU decision-making in the securities field. He examines the EU's approach to prospectus disclosure enforcement and its implementation at Member State level and breaks new ground on regulatory competition in the securities field by providing a 'law-in-context' analysis of the negotiations of the Prospectus Directive"--

The development of modern Ukraine as a legal, democratic, socially oriented state and the creation of a civil society is organically linked with the reform of the education system on a humanistic basis, the definition of a new strategy for education as a multicomponent and multi-vector system, which greatly shapes the future development of the Ukrainian state.At the current stage of Ukraine's development, the lack of civic consciousness of school youth, lack of awareness of the foundations of democratic citizenship, the importance and effectiveness of human rights institutions, the rule of law, and the role of youth in these processes are acutely felt. An important role is played by the question of the formation of a citizen, his civic culture, education in the legal, social and political fields. The problem of preserving the national pride and strengthening the patriotic sentiment of the student youth is acute.The purpose of the article is to consider the relevant domestic pedagogical experience and experience of leading democratic countries, in particular the European Union countries, about the effective process of forming the citizenship of a student as a civil society actress, a citizen-patriot of Ukraine, acting on the basis of national and European values. ; У статті аналізується проблема формування громадянськості учнів. Мотивується необхідність збереження почуття національної гордості, посилення патріотичних настроїв учнівської молоді, формування громадянина, освіченого у правовому, суспільному та політичному полі. Характеризуються основні виховні напрями країн Європейського союзу, з якими Україна має стійкі взаємостосунки і партнерські відносини. Категорія «громадянськість» конкретизується у педагогічному і соціально-педагогічному аспектах.

The development of modern Ukraine as a legal, democratic, socially oriented state and the creation of a civil society is organically linked with the reform of the education system on a humanistic basis, the definition of a new strategy for education as a multicomponent and multi-vector system, which greatly shapes the future development of the Ukrainian state.At the current stage of Ukraine's development, the lack of civic consciousness of school youth, lack of awareness of the foundations of democratic citizenship, the importance and effectiveness of human rights institutions, the rule of law, and the role of youth in these processes are acutely felt. An important role is played by the question of the formation of a citizen, his civic culture, education in the legal, social and political fields. The problem of preserving the national pride and strengthening the patriotic sentiment of the student youth is acute.The purpose of the article is to consider the relevant domestic pedagogical experience and experience of leading democratic countries, in particular the European Union countries, about the effective process of forming the citizenship of a student as a civil society actress, a citizen-patriot of Ukraine, acting on the basis of national and European values. ; У статті аналізується проблема формування громадянськості учнів. Мотивується необхідність збереження почуття національної гордості, посилення патріотичних настроїв учнівської молоді, формування громадянина, освіченого у правовому, суспільному та політичному полі. Характеризуються основні виховні напрями країн Європейського союзу, з якими Україна має стійкі взаємостосунки і партнерські відносини. Категорія «громадянськість» конкретизується у педагогічному і соціально-педагогічному аспектах.

The reader entitled "Governance and Regulation in the EU" frames research and teaching at the Centre for European Integration Studies (ZEI). The dynamic interplay between governance and regulation shapes the EU, its impact on citizens' lives and its role globally. This book offers interdisciplinary perspectives on the important relationship between governance and regulation, and on the increasingly complex process of European integration. Its authors include distinguished academics and professional experts who form the Faculty of ZEI's postgraduate programme "Master of European Studies – Governance and Regulation", through which they come together to share their perspectives and knowledge. This reader provides samples of the profile with which they enrich the ZEI's postgraduate education programme.

This paper will explore the nature of European Union citizenship in the context of the constitutionalisation1 of the EC/EU. The concept was formally introduced by the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and presents many problems in its current state. Under the TEU, citizenship of the EU was granted to all nationals of EU member state countries, introducing changes to the EC Treaty which now contains a revised Article 8 detailing the beneficiaries and rights of citizenship. This is an important symbolic development in the evolving constitution of the Union; a formal recognition of the extra-economic character of the EC/EU. 'But an examination of its substance reveals EU citizenship to be disappointingly feeble and gives rise to questions concerning its nature and limits. Is it an inalienable right granted to all existing and future member state nationals? Could an EU citizen be deprived of this status by a state's choosing to end its membership of the Union? The relationship between nationality and citizenship is also crucial. As member states have different methods of determining nationality it could mean, for example, that an Irish American may be able to avail herself of EU citizenship but a Turkish national who has lived all her life in Germany may not. Since there are approximately 10-15 million legally settled non-nationals in the EU, the fact that they should be further disenfranchised is of concern. The relationship between citizens' rights and human right s has been of interest since the drafting of constitutions in the late 18th century; it is indicative that this problem also remains unresolved in relation to this new citizenship which emerged from Maastricht. Citizenship, nationality, and human rights are all crucial to the future development of the Union. They are the weapons in the larger battle which has shaped and will continue to determine the personality of that Union; the division between member state sovereignty and a supranational Union. This paper will locate the issues in this overall context ...

The European football is in need of proper governance. This fact has been acknowledged in a number of EU documents, as well as by some of its member-states, Britain and France in particular. Weak governance undermines the financial stability of football clubs and the ability of sport to fullfil its key social functions. Besides other things, it open channels of external interference in the functioning of FIFA and UEFA as selfregulating bodies of football governance. The present article is devoted to the exploration of governance modes transformation in European and international football, influences by the European integration process. Global governance is employed here as an analytical approach. It allows to specify the role of the EU in development and maintenance of rules and norms, which limit the freedom of state and nonstate actors, involved in the sphere of football. The 2007 Lisbon Treaty endowed the EU with direct competence in the field of sport. But today it will still be a mistake to conclude that the European institutions are directly responsible for the formation of new structures of football governance. Nevertheless, their activity does have an impact on the lives of those who are involved in it. Unsatisfied stakeholders (football clubs, players and fans) turn to the EU for support when seeking alternative ways for settlement of disputes, when they do not find resolution in the internal structures of football governance. Vertical pathways, established in the traditional pyramid of the European football governance are subsequently undermined. Thus, the EU infl uence makes it easier to turn to structures of network governance.