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This title examines the international lawfulness of state-sponsored targeted killings in military and police operations. Analyzing recent state practice and jurisprudence, it establishes when targeted killing may be considered lawful, and what legal restraints are imposed on the practice in times of war and peace

Artists through history have needed & benefitted from the stimulation of cultures new to them, & indeed, their art has been influenced by the milieu in which it was created. The creative & performing arts are presented as inherently international despite efforts of nationalists to promote the distinction of their own culture & even to bend it to particular political or religious beliefs. The choices facing would-be patrons of the arts & the type of programs abroad best suited to the artist are considered, followed by a review of the Instit of International Education's recent activities in the cultural area. Finally, a call is made to the international corporate community to shoulder its share of the funding burden. Modified HA.

Unlike most texts on the international system, which stress continuities, this volume focuses on changes- what has caused them, where they will stop, and perhaps most important, where they will take us. Designed to initiate and structure inquiry into the dynamics of international change, the book is organized to reflect three main dimensions of sys

"Der anthropogene Treibhauseffekt erfordert als ein sowohl in der Verursachung als auch in den Auswirkungen globales Problem eine koordinierte internationale Zusammenarbeit. Bei den Verhandlungen um eine Rahmenkonvention zum Schutz des Weltklimas, die im Juli 1992 anläßlich der UN-Konferenz über Umwelt und Entwicklung (UNCED) unterzeichnet werden soll, traten zwei Hauptkonflikte auf: ein Nord-Nord-Konflikt um die Verpflichtung zur Begrenzung der CO2-Emission der OECD-Staaten und ein Nord-Süd-Konflikt um einen Ressourcentransfer in die Entwicklungsländer. Während beim Nord-Süd-Konflikt erhebliche Differenzen zwischen Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern bestehen, stellt bezüglich beider Hauptkonflikte die bremsende Verhandlungsposition der USA das Haupthindernis dar. Die EG ist dabei der Hauptkontrahent der USA... Da auch bei einem erfolgreichen Abschluß der internationalen Klimaverhandlungen die vereinbarten Maßnahmen das Problem des Treibhauseffekts nicht bewältigen werden, erlangen die institutionellen Mechanismen zur Flexibilisierung des mit der Konvention errichteten Klimaschutzregimes besondere Bedeutung. Diese Mechanismen müssen - nach dem Vorbild des internationalen Regimes zum Schutz der Ozonschicht, an dem sich das angestrebte Klimaschutzregime zu großen Teilen orientiert - die Anpassung und Verschärfung der Regelungen gemäß der sich erweiternden wissenschaftlichen Kenntnissen und Problemlösungskapazitäten erlauben und fördern." (Autorenreferat)

The author describes the contemporary situation in the theory and practice of international politics in the field of nuclear weapons. The first part of the paper deals with past results in the process of proliferation and the process of reduction of nuclear weapons, as well as the contemporary nuclear policies of great powers. The second part presents different theoretical approaches to the problem of nuclear weapons - realism, liberalism and the so-called critical or alternative approaches. The author expects that the process of nuclear proliferation will be continued - it will be gradual, controlled and directed by great powers and the USA, in particular.

The seventeenth annual report of the Bank for International Settlements, which reviewed the period April 1, 1946, to March 31, 1947, covered such topics as 1) the transition from war to peace economy, 2) price movements, 3) recovery of foreign trade, 4) foreign exchange rates, 5) the production and movements of gold, 6) post-war settlements and new foreign lending, 7) internal credit condition, and 8) national economic plans in Europe. Reference was made to the fact that as a result of informal discussions between the President of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements, a memorandum had been worked out regarding the bases for cooperation between the two organizations. As of June, 1947, the Board of Directors of the Bank included representatives of Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Because of the war Germany and Japan were not represented but were still technically considered to be members.

International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2014 is a continuation of the World Bank???s publications Global Development Finance, Volume II (1997 through 2009) and the earlier World Debt Tables (1973 through 1996). IDS 2014 provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 128 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank???s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2014 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2012 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2019. International Debt Statistics 2014 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank.

In der Gegenwart (sie beginnt gewissermaßen 1989 mit dem Zerfall der einstigen Supermacht Sowjetunion) geben eine ganze Reihe von Beobachtungen Anlaß, eine neue Rolle Japans in der Weltpolitik zu konstatieren. Japan beginnt, sich neu zu definieren und in selbstbewußterer Weise als bisher in der internationalen Gemeinschaft zu agieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt diese Entwicklung unter folgenden Aspekten: (1) Die japanische Rolle innerhalb der G-7; (2) die Charakteristika der japanischen Gipfeldiplomatie; (3) die Bemühungen der Regierung um eine internationale Rolle in einer schwierigen innenpolitischen Lage. Als eine erkennbare strategisch Linie zeichnet sich insgesamt eine größere politische Selbständigkeit gegenüber den USA und die Umsetzung der ökonomischen Potenz in politisches Kapital ab. Der Beitrag enthält eine gute Synopsis der Arbeits- und Themenschwerpunkte der Gipfel von Rambouillet 1975 bis München 1992. (ICE)

Food is a tireless referent in international relations studies about China and its ties with the rest of the world. This paper addresses two contemporary issues. First, why is China so sensitive about grain self-sufficiency? Second, why does there seem to be a lack of effective dialogue between epistemic communities in China and outside over China's overseas agricultural activities? The first part of the paper reviews the development of China's agricultural sector and underlines the importance of China's contribution in stabilizing the world food markets. Next, it explores the ideational sources of Chinese food insecurity, in spite of its success in attaining high levels of self-sufficiency in grain. The third part of the paper reviews the evolution of China's overseas agricultural activities and analyzes the factors that contribute to a mismatch of understanding about the political implications therein. The paper concludes by proposing a couple of conceptual road maps for securitizing food as a referent in debates about China's security environment and Chinese international relations. (Pac Rev/GIGA)