Suchergebnisse

The economic aspects of alcohol misuse are attracting increasing attention from policy makers and researchers but the evidence on the economic burden of this substance is hardly comparable internationally. This study aims to overcome this problem by estimating production losses (indirect costs) associated with alcohol-attributable mortality in 28 European Union (EU) countries in the year 2016. This study applies the prevalence-based top&ndash ; down approach, societal perspective and human capital method to sex- and age-specific data on alcohol-related mortality at working age. The alcohol-attributable mortality data was taken from estimates based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Uniform data on labor and economic measures from the Eurostat database was used. The total production losses associated with alcohol-related deaths in the EU in 2016 were &euro ; 32.1 billion. The per capita costs (share of costs in gross domestic product (GDP)) were &euro ; 62.88 (0.215%) for the whole EU and ranged from &euro ; 17.29 (0.062%) in Malta to &euro ; 192.93 (0.875%) in Lithuania. On average, 81% of the losses were associated with male deaths and mortality among those aged 50&ndash ; 54 years generated the highest burden. Because alcohol is a major avoidable factor for mortality, public health community actions aimed at limiting this substance misuse might not only decrease the health burden but also contribute to the economic welfare of European societies.

NATO and the EU face similar strategic challenges, from bringing peace and security to their respective peripheries, through confronting terrorism, transnational crime, frozen conflicts, and potential pandemics. Greater efforts should be made to cooperate to promote security and stability and to avoid duplication and amplify influence for both organizations. Figures. Adapted from the source document.

Studies of the European Economic Community and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; based on conference paper.