С. Б. ЛИКОК О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КАНАДСКОЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В XIX - ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ ХХ В
Рассматриваются научные исследования Стивена Батлера Ликока, известного в России в большей степени как канадский писатель-сатирик и в меньшей как историк и политолог в области канадской политической культуры. Его взгляд на формирование канадской политической культуры в XIX первой половине ХХ в. является оригинальным, глубоким и исторически взвешенным. Автор на основе неопубликованных в России работ С.Б. Ликока критически проанализировал внесенный им вклад в изучение феномена канадской политической культуры. ; S.B. Leacock is known as a Canadian writer-satirist in our country. It is surprising that more than 100 years passed, but nothing is known about S. Leacock as a political scientist in Russia. The author of the present article tries to fill this gap. The article consists of two parts. The first part presents Leacock's views on the history of the Canadian political culture. In his research, S. Leacock pointed out the historical features of the formation and development of the Canadian political culture first in the colonies of the British North America, and then in the Dominion. S. Leacock was one of the first Canadian researchers who had come up with the idea that the concept of a responsible government is the basis of all the British imperial system and, consequently, the struggle for the introduction of a "responsible government" became the main political event in Canada in the middle of the 19th century. S. Leacock considered the creation of the two-nation governments in the United Canada and the political parties on the binational basis as the second main factor in the issue of the Canadian statehood formation. S. Leacock gave a special opinion on the creation of the federal establishment in Canada. He considered that the expediency in the creation of the Canadian federation involved not so much the distinctions of the political cultures and the ideology in the North American colonies, but the necessity of the maintenance of different economic interests of the future provinces which had natural borders and ruptures in communications. Besides, S. Leacock believed that the weak decentralized federal system created not only the essential distinctions in the social relations of different provinces in the epoch of industrialism, but it also promoted the formation of different regional political cultures. Marking the importance of tariff regulation used by the federal government, S. Leacock warned that this very sensitive tool was capable to do much harm at its inept use. S. Lea-cock also pointed out the importance of Great Britain's patronage in the matter of self-management, but the limits of patronage and self-management were to be regulated by the Act of the British Parliament which had actually presented the written constitution to Canada. He had his view on the process of the social reforms in Canada by the active intervention of the state in the industrial relations between the Labour and the Capital. It is necessary to note that S. Leacock offered some measures of coming out of the depression in Canada in the 1930s. The second part of the article represents the author's criticism of S. Leacock's views on the Canadian political culture which means that the incomplete reflection of the Canadian political culture by Leacock is connected with his liberal Victorian outlook in the beginning of the 20th century and the Anglo-Canadian nationalism in the interwar period.