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Le livre est entièrement en ligne en format HTML sur le site de l'IFPO. L'IFPO m'autorise à mettre sur HAL SHS les versions PDF des versions française et anglaise de mon introduction, ainsi que de mon article. ; Jordanian towns have not been incorporated into the building of the nation, nor have they been considered in the definition of what Jordan is, the decisive factor being direct allegiance to the Hashemite monarchy. Jordanian towns are not a favourable environment for the expression of citizenship free from primary affiliations. However, in the capital, city residents manage to launch initiatives for citizen participation for the community, showing they belong to a post-modern urban elite and even making the city participate in a form of "global citizenship". This introduction of the book "Cities, Urban Practices and Nation Building in Jordan" addresses through urban life the extensively studied issue of national identity and citizenship in Jordan, examining the forms of integration and demarcation of the different components of the population in urban arenas. It takes a diachronic approach that presents the role of towns in Jordan's nation building, the management of urban spaces and the practices of individual urban residents detached from kinship affiliations. ; La ville jordanienne a historiquement peu contribué à la construction nationale, l'élément décisif ayant été l'allégeance directe à la monarchie hachémite. L'urbain serait en Jordanie un espace peu favorable à l'expression d'une citoyenneté détachée des appartenances primaires. Pourtant, au sein de la capitale, des citadins parviennent à lancer des initiatives de participation citoyenne au service de la collectivité, manifestant leur appartenance à une élite urbaine post-moderne et faisant même participer la ville à une " citoyenneté mondiale ". L'introduction de ce livre "Villes, pratiques urbaines et construction nationale en Jordanie" aborde par la ville la question abondamment étudiée de l'identité nationale et de la citoyenneté en Jordanie, ...

Jordanian towns have not been incorporated into the building of the nation, nor have they been considered in the definition of what Jordan is, the decisive factor being direct allegiance to the Hashemite monarchy. Jordanian towns are not a favourable environment for the expression of citizenship free from primary affiliations. However, in the capital, city residents manage to launch initiatives for citizen participation for the community, showing they belong to a post-modern urban elite and even making the city participate in a form of "global citizenship". This introduction of the book "Cities, Urban Practices and Nation Building in Jordan" addresses through urban life the extensively studied issue of national identity and citizenship in Jordan, examining the forms of integration and demarcation of the different components of the population in urban arenas. It takes a diachronic approach that presents the role of towns in Jordan's nation building, the management of urban spaces and the practices of individual urban residents detached from kinship affiliations. ; La ville jordanienne a historiquement peu contribué à la construction nationale, l'élément décisif ayant été l'allégeance directe à la monarchie hachémite. L'urbain serait en Jordanie un espace peu favorable à l'expression d'une citoyenneté détachée des appartenances primaires. Pourtant, au sein de la capitale, des citadins parviennent à lancer des initiatives de participation citoyenne au service de la collectivité, manifestant leur appartenance à une élite urbaine post-moderne et faisant même participer la ville à une " citoyenneté mondiale ". L'introduction de ce livre "Villes, pratiques urbaines et construction nationale en Jordanie" aborde par la ville la question abondamment étudiée de l'identité nationale et de la citoyenneté en Jordanie, en montrant les formes d'intégration et de démarcation des différentes composantes de la population dans l'espace urbain. Elle adopte une approche diachronique qui présente le rôle des villes dans la ...

Jordanian towns have not been incorporated into the building of the nation, nor have they been considered in the definition of what Jordan is, the decisive factor being direct allegiance to the Hashemite monarchy. Jordanian towns are not a favourable environment for the expression of citizenship free from primary affiliations. However, in the capital, city residents manage to launch initiatives for citizen participation for the community, showing they belong to a post-modern urban elite and even making the city participate in a form of "global citizenship". This introduction of the book "Cities, Urban Practices and Nation Building in Jordan" addresses through urban life the extensively studied issue of national identity and citizenship in Jordan, examining the forms of integration and demarcation of the different components of the population in urban arenas. It takes a diachronic approach that presents the role of towns in Jordan's nation building, the management of urban spaces and the practices of individual urban residents detached from kinship affiliations. ; La ville jordanienne a historiquement peu contribué à la construction nationale, l'élément décisif ayant été l'allégeance directe à la monarchie hachémite. L'urbain serait en Jordanie un espace peu favorable à l'expression d'une citoyenneté détachée des appartenances primaires. Pourtant, au sein de la capitale, des citadins parviennent à lancer des initiatives de participation citoyenne au service de la collectivité, manifestant leur appartenance à une élite urbaine post-moderne et faisant même participer la ville à une " citoyenneté mondiale ". L'introduction de ce livre "Villes, pratiques urbaines et construction nationale en Jordanie" aborde par la ville la question abondamment étudiée de l'identité nationale et de la citoyenneté en Jordanie, en montrant les formes d'intégration et de démarcation des différentes composantes de la population dans l'espace urbain. Elle adopte une approche diachronique qui présente le rôle des villes dans la construction nationale jordanienne, puis les modes de gestion des espaces urbains et enfin les pratiques individuelles de l'urbain détachées des affiliations primaires.

According the new concepts of the regional economics and geographical literature, territorial attractiveness is an issue of growing importance for national, regional and local governments during last years. Territorial attractiveness can be defined both as the capacity to attract new residents, visitors, enterprises and investments as well as the ability to retain and develop mobile communities and assets. Medium-sized and small towns play complementary roles and are differently integrated into urban systems depending on the specific features of the country and the historical, institutional and economic development background, but at the same time its attractiveness has been increasingly recorded as a key factor to strengthen the competitiveness of cities in the regional, national and global context. City attractiveness is determined by different elements like the quality of road networks and public transport, effectiveness of infrastructure, quality of life as well as activity of local economy, city image and institutional capacity, which are substantial factors for attraction of new residents, highly skilled workforce, new enterprises and investments. Policy and city development planners have adopted diverse measures like spatial plans and strategies for city development to enhance it. Territories are competing to offer the most productive business environment and to attract new businesses or industries creating jobs and thus providing increased material welfare. There has been a growing interest in academic literature in recent years on creating new paradigms of regional development to introduce new ways of tackling longstanding regional problems. One of these directions is spatial planning being closely related to the regional planning theory, which has sought to explain the causes and consequences of regional economic disparities and regional competitiveness. Political and development planning documents, which take into account spatial perspective, can contribute to many important factors of competitiveness ...

District of Geneng of Sub-Province Ngawi consists of eighteen countryside. Apart the countryside governance with the sub-province about ten kilo meters. This area has temperature of between 260 C- 360 C. Wide of region of District Geneng 87.04 km2 with amount resident 89.663 head. Resident living in region of District Geneng most is farmer. Office of Governance of District Geneng occupies the farm of property of government for the width of 1.919 m2 broadly building 1.204 m2. District officer of counted 27 people, consisted of the faction III are nine people, faction II are three of compassion of people and faction I of[is five of people. Writer perform research in District Geneng as a mean to deepen farther about remuneration service and also wish to know the problems that happened [in] the institution, besides also aim to fulfill some of pass conditions which have been specified by University Surakarta. Having taken steps of Research hence writer can find the problem faced by the institution that is about difficulty in tracing identity of officer and difficulty in searching remuneration data. Therefore writer design the information system employ the officer to overcome the problem. Research method which writer use method of book studies, observation, interview and analyzes. This report is limit at scheme of information system remuneration covering: making DFD, database scheme, flowchart and input scheme and also output. System scheme aim to facilitate in application making in fact. After perceiving scheme of information system which have been made by a writer can take the conclusion that with the existence of system scheme, hence application making which in fact will easy to executed. As for database designed is officer database, database of remuneration and intake database employ. Hereinafter using Visual Basic or Visual Foxpro can use scheme of information system of remuneration in District Geneng in making of Remuneration application in District of Geneng of Sub-Province Ngawi.

Context Invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) are established over thousands of square kilometres of southern Florida, USA, and consume a wide range of native vertebrates. Few tools are available to control the python population, and none of the available tools have been validated in the field to assess capture success as a proportion of pythons available to be captured. Aims Our primary aim was to conduct a trap trial for capturing invasive pythons in an area east of Everglades National Park, where many pythons had been captured in previous years, to assess the efficacy of traps for population control. We also aimed to compare results of visual surveys with trap capture rates, to determine capture rates of non-target species, and to assess capture rates as a proportion of resident pythons in the study area. Methods We conducted a medium-scale (6053 trap nights) experiment using two types of attractant traps baited with live rats in the Frog Pond area east of Everglades National Park. We also conducted standardised and opportunistic visual surveys in the trapping area. Following the trap trial, the area was disc harrowed to expose pythons and allow calculation of an index of the number of resident pythons. Key results We captured three pythons and 69 individuals of various rodent, amphibian, and reptile species in traps. Eleven pythons were discovered during disc harrowing operations, as were large numbers of rodents. Conclusions The trap trial captured a relatively small proportion of the pythons that appeared to be present in the study area, although previous research suggests that trap capture rates improve with additional testing of alternative trap designs. Potential negative impacts to non-target species were minimal. Low python capture rates may have been associated with extremely high local prey abundances during the trap experiment. Implications Results of this trial illustrate many of the challenges in implementing and interpreting results from tests of control tools for large cryptic predators such as Burmese pythons.

PurposeIn recent years, Japanese co‐operative banks have been attracting new interest among academics and the population generally as institutions through which deprived communities can be revitalized. They have been shown to be capable of promoting both social co‐operation and economical development through the financing of new social enterprises by investments coming mainly from local residents and existing social organizations. This paper aims to address the central questions of what Japanese co‐operative banks can do to encourage co‐operation among local residents and social enterprises so that they willingly invest their money in the development of their local community.Design/methodology/approachIn order to explore these questions, two Japanese co‐operative banks are compared by means of a questionnaire survey and semi‐structured interviews with their investors and boards of directors. The main reason for focusing this investigation on these two banks was that despite the similarity of their political, economical and demographical backgrounds, one of them showed a steady growth in local investment while the other failed to produce a similar level of local engagement.FindingsThe findings of the paper clearly demonstrated that when a co‐operative bank acts as "community organizer", undertaking tasks which are outside its usual sphere of activities as financier, and its board includes members of the social enterprise sector, its positive impact on community development is more effective. However, it also became clear that a vital feature of this kind of endeavour is the utilization of expertise derived from members of the local community.Originality/valueThe paper makes an important contribution to the understanding of co‐operative banks as community organizers. Its originality lies primarily in the fact that it was the first time that this type of research has been conducted on Japanese co‐operative banks.

Con los últimos cambios que se han dado en la sociedad la mujer ha venido reclamando un lugar protagónico en todos los espacios de su entorno; tarea que en muchas oportunidades se ve obstaculizada por muchos factores. Venezuela no escapa de esta situación, por lo que se ha planteado caracterizar la situación social de las ciudadanas residentes en el Municipio Maneiro del Estado Nueva Esparta y sobre la base de los resultados proponer un plan de acción denominado Agenda 21 Local, que convocaría a todas las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, las instancias de gobierno, las asociaciones de empresas y de sindicatos, los movimientos culturales, emprendedores y la ciudadanía con sentido de pertenencia, para emprender el proceso de definir el destino de la comunidad amplia y trabajar juntos por alcanzar la imagen objetivo, basados en el principio del desarrollo sostenible. ; With the latest changes that have been taking place in society, women have been claiming a leading role in all aspects of her surroundings; such task is often hindered by many factors. Venezuela does not escape this situation, thus a characterization of the social situation of the female residents of the municipality of Maneiro, Nueva Esparta state, has been proposed, and on the basis of these results put forward a plan of action called Agenda 21 Local, which would summon all civil society organizations, levels of government, enterprise associations and unions, cultural movements, enterpreneurs and citizens with a sense of belonging, to undertake the process of defining the destiny of their wider community and working together to achieve the target image, based on the principle of sustainable development. ; 87-118 ; benitodiazdiaz@gmail.com ; maruisabela@gmail.com ; leoarguello@gmail.com ; mdiazcardozo@gmail.com ; francisdiazdiaz@yahoo.com ; anahigo@ula.ve ; semestral

15 páginas, 6 figuras, 4 tablas. ; We studied the effects of the Prestige oil spill on Ría de Vigo bacterial abundance, production and community structure by using mesocosms (ca. 3500 l) filled with water from the center of the Ría, to which we added a realistic concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; initial concentrations of approximately 20 to 30 µg l–1 chrysene equivalents) at each of the 4 periods of the seasonal cycle: spring bloom, summer stratification, autumn upwelling and winter. We followed the changes in bacterial activity by leucine and thymidine incorporation, and the changes in bacterial assemblage structure by 16S rDNA DGGE. In addition, simultaneously with the winter mesocosm experiment, we ran microcosms with fuel additions equivalent to 0.5, 1, 2 and 4× the treatment imposed on the mesocosms in the seasonal experiments. Bacterial community structure was also analyzed by CARD-FISH. We detected significant effects of the PAHs on bacterial community structure (increased number of bands) and production only in the summer experiment. In the microcosm experiments, we found similar effects to those in the mesocosms at PAH concentrations of ca. 20 to 40 µg l–1, and clear detrimental effects on phytoplankton at concentrations of ca. 80 µg l–1, with large development of Gammaproteobacteria. Our results indicate that an oil spill of the Prestige's magnitude will have effects on the microbial resident community only at certain times of the year, while at higher PAH concentrations the effects might be more evident. For most of the year, the resident Ría de Vigo microbial communities appear to be accustomed to PAH concentrations such as those used in these experiments. ; This work was supported by Project IMPRESION (VEM2003-20021). Financial support to I.L. and A.C.D. was provided by PhD fellowships from the Spanish government (MEC). Writing of the manuscript was supported by Project SUMMER (CTM2008-03309/MAR). ; Peer reviewed

In April, 2002 the Israeli government started the construction of the "Segregation Wall" a long the "green line" through confiscation of Palestinian land and separating residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial areas within the West Bank area. This was done against all international and United Nations laws which forbids the occupying force of such actions; this was consolidated through the decision of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the year 2004 declaring that the construction of the Wall is contrary to international law. The Israelis had another turn of apartheid measures through the military order of 2002 for the construction of dual roadway network in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank, one for the Israelis and settlers (the occupying force) using the main state arterial roadway network and the other to be used by the occupied people of Palestine using the minor and village access roads.The negative impacts of those measures are clear on the ground through the confiscation of Palestinian land; impair the movements of people goods and services between cities and within the cities themselves, and isolating major Palestinian cities from each other. In addition, those measures had a negative impact on the livelihood of Palestinian living in the area.This research study focuses on collecting and analyzing data with regard to the Palestinian roadway network before and after the apartheid measures imposed on the Palestinian residents of the West Bank. The study showed that the measures imposed on the Palestinian residents had a significant negative economical, social, educational, and health impacts. Those measures will directly increase the average tripe length and the individual expenditure on transportation. In addition, the adverse impact caused a significant decrease in the number of trips per capita as well as inefficient utilization of the individual daily working hours. The study recommends public awareness of those apartheid measures and capitalizes on public and international opinion to confront those measures.

El empadronamiento, que depende de la administración municipal, se ha convertido en una pieza esencial del sistema estadístico español, tanto en el registro de los flujos como en el de los estocs de población, y muy especialmente de la visibilidad estadística de la población de nacionalidad extranjera. En este artículo se analiza la evolución de las altas padronales de la población extranjera en Cataluña desde 2004 hasta 2008 así como las pautas territoriales de esa evolución, señalando la fractura debida al proceso de la Normalización de 2005, el efecto de las elecciones municipales de 2007 y, finalmente, el impacto de la crisis económica a partir del segundo semestre de 2008. Para ello se han examinado detalladamente los datos mensuales referentes a las altas padronales del conjunto de la población extranjera y de dos grupos continentales (africanos y latinoamericanos) a partir de las Estadísticas de Variaciones Residenciales (EVR). ; The Municipal Register, which is managed by Local Government, has become a fundamental key in the Spanish statistical system for both the recording of migrant flows and for counting the resident population of the municipality. Within this context, it is also especially relevant to provide a true picture of the resident foreign population. This paper reviews the changes in foreign population inflow statistics from 2004 to 2008 by taking into consideration spatial differences between municipalities. The analysis reveals the strong effect due to the Regularisation of 2005, the effect of the Municipal Elections of 2007 and, finally, the impact of the economic recession in the second semester of 2008. For this purpose monthly data on inflows from the Residential Variation Statistics have been used for the total foreign population and for continental groups (African and Latin-American).

Objective of the Master degree final paper – to analyze possibilities for development of water management infrastructure in Mažeikiai region referring to the survey completed by the expert regarding possibilities for development of water management infrastructure in Mažeikiai region, analysis of activities of the municipal institution responsible for water management in Mažeikiai region, analysis of the most important document regulating the development of water management in Mažeikiai region and analysis of foreign and Lithuanian scientific bibliography related to the region and infrastructure thereof. The concept of development of the region and infrastructure thereof, the essence of the regional policy of Lithuania and the European Union have been analyzed, the key elements of water management infrastructure have been provided, problems regarding the development of water management infrastructure have been highlighted in the present Master degree paper. Subject to the objective of the research and tasks set the situation of water management in Mažeikiai region has been reviewed, the SWOT analysis of water management has been completed in the present paper. The legal base regulating water management has been analyzed in a comprehensive manner. The authors of the paper have analyzed projects for development of water management infrastructure, identified institutions participating in the implementation of the projects. Factors detaining the development of water management infrastructure have been revealed in the paper. The results of the research have showed that development of water management in Mažeikiai region is not sufficient, only residents residing in the biggest towns of the region have possibility to use centralized water supply and sewage services whereas in the settlements and villages water management infrastructure is not developed resulting in economical, environmental and social problems experienced by the residents. As projects for the development of water management infrastructure are highly expensive and practically not recouping, the only possibility for the development of water management infrastructure is to obtain a financial support from the European Union.

Objective of the Master degree final paper – to analyze possibilities for development of water management infrastructure in Mažeikiai region referring to the survey completed by the expert regarding possibilities for development of water management infrastructure in Mažeikiai region, analysis of activities of the municipal institution responsible for water management in Mažeikiai region, analysis of the most important document regulating the development of water management in Mažeikiai region and analysis of foreign and Lithuanian scientific bibliography related to the region and infrastructure thereof. The concept of development of the region and infrastructure thereof, the essence of the regional policy of Lithuania and the European Union have been analyzed, the key elements of water management infrastructure have been provided, problems regarding the development of water management infrastructure have been highlighted in the present Master degree paper. Subject to the objective of the research and tasks set the situation of water management in Mažeikiai region has been reviewed, the SWOT analysis of water management has been completed in the present paper. The legal base regulating water management has been analyzed in a comprehensive manner. The authors of the paper have analyzed projects for development of water management infrastructure, identified institutions participating in the implementation of the projects. Factors detaining the development of water management infrastructure have been revealed in the paper. The results of the research have showed that development of water management in Mažeikiai region is not sufficient, only residents residing in the biggest towns of the region have possibility to use centralized water supply and sewage services whereas in the settlements and villages water management infrastructure is not developed resulting in economical, environmental and social problems experienced by the residents. As projects for the development of water management infrastructure are highly expensive and practically not recouping, the only possibility for the development of water management infrastructure is to obtain a financial support from the European Union.

This study examines the intergenerational relationships in an East Asian society, Taiwan. Types of relations from children's perspective are used to illustrate the dynamics between adult children and their parents. Due to the rapidly declining co-residence between generations, it is assumed that those who do not practice co-residence with parents will become the majority and thus, will become the focus of analysis. Data are taken from the 2006 Taiwan Social Change Survey (Phase 5 Wave 2). The sample is constituted by 756 adults with at least one parent alive but who are not co-residing at the time of the survey. The intergenerational solidarity model proposed by Bengtson is used as the theoretical framework. The analysis first presents the difference between the co-resident and the non-co- resident groups. Then the Latent Class analysis is performed to derive five types of relations with the Normative type being the highest, followed by the Detached and the Tight-knit, then the Sociable, and lastly the Intimate but Distant type. The final analysis focuses on mechanisms accounting for different relational types. Preliminary result from Multinomial Logistic Regression indicates that the relational types derived may be an outcome of the interplay between individual resources and patriarchal norms. Most importantly, gender differentials appear to follow the prescribed cultural norm in that married sons are likely to endorse the filial norm and to fall into the Normative type, while married daughters tend to enjoy close emotional relationships and to engage in functional exchanges with parents. The paper concludes that future intergenerational relationships in Taiwan may continue to be of the strong Normative type, but at the same time, the Tight-knit type between generations may be observed. The cultural implication of possible future development is briefly discussed.

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. The 2006 provisional census counted over 140 million people (United Nations 2007), 64 percent of whom live in rural areas. These rural areas are undergoing radical, noticeable change, particularly in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is increasingly market-oriented and has seen a diversification of income opportunities and an increasing division of labor. It is therefore important to have a highly efficient rural service sector that fosters agricultural productivity and development outcomes. However, access to rural services, has only had marginal impacts in the agricultural sector. Rural households, therefore, continue to face poor access to agricultural and social services. These gaps in rural service provision need to be closed in order to enable the countryside to mobilize its development potential. To distinguish rural from urban development, one must define �rural.� Demographers classify a population as rural based on the size or occupational distribution of residents and the geographical characteristics of the area. Most definitions consider an area rural if people work or live on farms. The number of residents in a population considered rural differs from less than 2000 (Reardon et al. 2001) to less than 5001 (Acemoglu et al. 2001) to less than 10,000 people (International Fund for Agricultural Development 2001). In Nigeria, areas with populations above 20,000 are considered urban, meaning that rural areas have sizes below this cut-off (Onokerhoraye 1984). Decentralization has become a key issue in development policy in the last two decades. Decentralization is a process of transitioning from a governance structure in which power is concentrated at the central or national level to one in which authority to make decisions and implement them is shifted to lower level governments or agencies. It consists of a transfer of public functions from higher tiers to lower tiers of governance. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP37; GRP32; NSSP ; DSGD