Suchergebnisse

The European Commission (2006) introduced a Green Paper on a future Maritime Policy for the Union (COM (2006) 275 final), identifying the need for EU policies on sustainable development (SD) and management of the oceans to preserve and protection the marine environment and ecosystems, and develop a thriving maritime economy. Those policies would have to take account the global nature of the oceans, the leadership role of the EU for its regional seas, and its role in wider international governance of the oceans.

This paper examines the development of the EU's Integrated Maritime Policy, a vision for the seas and oceans, in which it seeks a leading role in environmental protection of the marine environment. It considers how developments in EU maritime policy over the last decade have strengthened protection of the marine environment, regionally and globally, through the introduction of standards which go beyond what is required by international conventions, resulting in those conventions being amended to meet those higher EU standards, and considers the example of the introduction of double hulls for oil tankers. The paper concludes that the EU can and does play a leadership role through its maritime policies, both internally and externally, and across the economic, social and environmental and temporal dimensions of SD.

The societal role in the public policy presupposes it's recognition as an independent actor of political decision-making. But tackling the society rarely pays attention to its' psychological state in each moment of the time. The paper discusses the results of the study that describes the current psychological state of Russian society and its' capability to influence public policy. The author distinguishes two main trends. The first trend facilitates the societal role in public policy, i.e.: the growing level of society's self-consciousness, high level of activism demand, the change of political «optics», in particular the growth of cognitive complexity and precision of political representations. The second trend is opposite to the first as during last two years Russian society was affected by the growth of negative emotional background, raise of political indifference, lack of political interest that are not less dangerous to stability of the state than riots, aggressiveness, protests. This trend shows the lack of readiness to mobilization that is necessary in the face of pandemic or military risks. But positive changes in psychological state of society concern the core of this phenomenon as the negative affects it's periphery. It permits us to evaluate the changes in psychological state of Russian society as rather positive, though not stable ones.

This paper traces the evolution of the application of the complexity sciences in the literature of public administration and public policy. A four stage evolutionary model is used to track the development of this literature. The evolution of the literature has now reached a third evolutionary stage. This third stage is a proliferant stage in the development of the literature in which applications and knowledge production has increased dramatically.

Effective April 1, 2019 the Government of Canada will tax carbon emissions in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and New Brunswick. Ninety per cent of the revenue will be rebated directly to households. By 2022, the rebate to Saskatchewan households will average $1,400 annually.