Suchergebnisse

The slow growth of film industry in Indonesia is revealed through historical analysis in this article. This has been stem from state failure in regulating the industry, particularly in regulating monopolistic business groups. Moreover public has not been consolidated and hence not strong enough to encounter with pro business state.

The chapter of "Institutional Economics" textbook is devoted to the development of business-groups as a specific feature of industrial organization in the Russian economy. The main determinants of forming and functioning of business-groups such as allocation of property rights in Soviet enterprises, networks of directors and executive authorities in the Soviet economic system as well as import of new institutes and inefficient state enforcement are in the center of analysis. Origins, structure, organization and management within the groups and the role of shareholding and informal control rights are considered.

The Western countries react differently to the new threats. In Germany, for instance, the Federal Ministry of the Interior has taken positive steps by the employment of "Sky marshals" and the augmentation of personnel in the Federal Border Police. But a comprehensive, all-embracing approach is still lacking in Germany. In consequence, budget increases were made to a certain extent only. Questions regarding the competence and responsibility of the Federal Government and of the States (Laender) are still unsolved. A key element for improving the internal security provisions is the decision on the introduction of the digital trunking system. In case of further delays, different and incompatible systems on Federal Government and State levels as well as between the individual Federal States threaten to become a problem for the public safety. In view of the present threat situation, Germany should and cannot afford to have a cost-intensive digital patchwork in Germany with all the risks and hazards involved. (Europ Sicherheit / SWP)

Europa, Japan und die USA verwirklichen den Schutz von Mensch und Umwelt vor möglichen schädlichen Wirkungen von Chemikalien mit sehr unterschiedlichen Regulierungsstrategien. Da die Regulierungssysteme auch Produktivität und Innovationsbereitschaft der Unternehmen beeinflussen, wird in diesem Beitrag untersucht, ob nationale Gesetzgeber mit dem Chemikalienrecht in einem Regulierungswettbewerb um mobile Produktionsfaktoren wie Kapital konkurrieren. Es wird überprüft, ob der Prozeß der Globalisierung zu einer kreativen Suche nach effizienterem und effektiverem Chemikalienrecht führt und damit langfristig einen harmonisierungsähnlichen Effekt dieses Rechts bewirkt oder ob die Gegenthese gilt, daß der Wettbewerb der Staaten im Globalisierungsprozeß ein "race to the bottom beinhaltet, d.h. eine Abwärtsentwicklung zu niedrigeren Sicherheitsstandards bewirkt. Dabei werden Aussagen zur Struktur und zu den Wirkungen der Neustoff-Regulierung des Chemikalienrechts theoretisch abgeleitet und empirisch überprüft. Die empirische Analyse stützte sich auf einen Vergleich der Rechtsvorschriften und eine eigens für die Analyse aufgebaute Datenbank mit Daten aus den Geschäftsberichten europäischer, japanischer und amerikanischer Chemieunternehmen. ; Europe, Japan, and the US apply very different regulatory strategies in order to further the protection of human beings and the environment with respect to the impact of chemicals. Since various regulatory systems also have differing impacts on corporate productivity and innovation, this paper investigates whether national legislation covering chemicals control law is used in competing for mobile factors of production (for example, capital). The process of globalization is tested to explore whether it leads to a creative search for more efficient and effective chemicals control law, and thus will lead in the long run to a harmonization of the law, or whether the counter hypothesis is correct that regulatory competition among states will lead to a "race to the lowest acceptable minimum," and a deterioration towards lower safety standards. The study includes an empirical analysis of the structure and impact of the law on the notification of new chemical substances. The empirical analysis is based on a comparison of the different laws of the EU, Japan, and the US, and utilizes a special database developed from the annual reports of European, Japanese, and US companies.