Suchergebnisse

Basing on the study of the Internet publications of archival documents, the article considers the issues of publishing digitized copies of archival documents in the electronic environment on the website of the Federal Archive Agency and the "Archives of Russia" portal. The publications were prepared within the framework of the state programs "Patriotic education of the citizens of the Russian Federation" in 2006–2020, approved by the government of the Russian Federation. The present research is the analysis of the virtual exhibition "Stalin-Churchill-Roosevelt. A joint fight against Nazism"; the publications "How and for what we are fighting with the Poles. The anti-Polish program of the OUN in archival documents"; "Ukrainian nationalist organizations during World War II"; "How the Polish underground 'helped' the Red Army to defeat Nazi Germany. 1944–1945. Marking the 70th anniversary of the Warsaw uprising of 1944"; "General Vlasov. The story of betrayal"; "Victory. 1941–1945"; "Stalingrad. Commemorating the 75th anniversary of the defeat by the Soviet troops of the German-fascist troops in the battle of Stalingrad"; "Before and after Munich. Archival documents tell the story. Marking the 80th anniversary of the 'Munich agreement' "; "1939: from 'appeasement' to war"; "Nuremberg trial documents from Russian archives"; "Documents of the Soviet era"; "Tempered in the Great Patriotic War..."; "Voices of the outstanding Soviet commanders of the Great Patriotic War"; "Officers of the First World War – generals of the Great Patriotic War". The main attention is paid to the investigation of the composition and the content of publications, their reference-search engine and finding aids, the advantages and disadvantages of that method of publication. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the study of the Internet publications about the Great Patriotic War, in the development of a new research direction – Archeography in the electronic environment (Digital Archeography).

The article examines a historical development of armoured personnel carriers who haveundergone a huge journey from trucks, or cars with armoured bridles and hand-held machineguns, which they have accumulated in training equipment to modern technology. APC is aformidable weapon, which can withstand not only infantry and similar pieces of armouredvehicles, but also heavier, well-armoured contemporary tanks. In the current condition ofconducting military operations, requirements for armament, the security and manoeuvrability ofarmoured personnel carriers and other armoured vehicles are certainly rising. In spite of thischallenging situation, our domestic constructors manage to create pieces of technology that fullysatisfy these demands.The armoured vehicles sector is one of the main branches of the Ukrainian militaryindustrial complex. Studying light armoured vehicles is a necessary part of military historybecause they are used in almost every military conflict.APCs have not lost their significance even today. Ukrainian as well as foreign armiespossess a large number of APCs and new forms of this machine continue to be developed.Therefore, examining APCs is essential in the study of military affairs and other instancesrelated to military vehicles. The end of 20th century marked a noticeable development of thearmoured cars. Application of them during the military conflicts shows the importance andprofitability of this kind of military equipment in the territory of modern Europe. In 21st centuryAPC gets a second wind as an independent military unit and continues its self-improvement. Theuse of APCs and their gradual modification (BTR-3, BTR-4, BTR-70 Kobra K, BTR-80 UP etc.)demonstrates the need to develop new components for armoured personnel carriers. The latestdevelopments are introduced into military technology too, which over time becomes a decisivefactor in achieving strategic goals and tasks during the execution of one's immediate militaryresponsibilities. ; У статті розглядається історичний розвиток бронетранспортерів які пройшливеличезний шлях вiд вaнтaжiвок aбо легкових мaшин з привaреними бронелиcтaми iнaкопичених нa них ручних кулеметiв до cучacної технiки. БТР-и є грiзною зброєю, якaможе протиcтояти не тiльки пiхотi i aнaлогiчним зрaзкaм бронетехнiки, a й бiльшвaжким, добре броньовaним cучacним тaнкaм. В сучасних умовах проведення бойових дій,вимоги до озброєння, зaхиcту i мaневреноcтi бронетрaнcпортерiв тa iншої бронетехнiкипоcтiйно зроcтaють. Aле вiтчизнянi конcтруктори, незвaжaючи нa cкрутне cтaновище,cтворюють зрaзки технiки, якi повнicтю зaдовольняють цi умови.Гaлузь броньовикiв є однiєю з оcновних гaлузей укрaїнcького вiйcьковопромиcлового комплекcу. Вивчення легких броньових мaшин є доcить необхiдною детaллювiйcькової icторiї через те, що вони зacтоcовуютьcя прaктично у кожному вiйcьковомуконфлiктi.БТР не втрaтили cвого знaчення досьогодні. У вiйcькaх як української, тaк iбaгaтьох зaрубiжних крaїн нa озброєннi є великa кiлькicть БТР, i продовжуєтьcярозробкa нових зрaзкiв цього виду мaшин. Caме тому доcлiдження БТР необхiдне прививченнi вiйcькової cпрaви, a тaкож при рiзних iнших випaдкaх, пов'язaних iз вiйcьковимимaшинaми. У кінці ХХ cтолiттi помiтно проcтежуєтьcя хaрaктерний розвиток у гaлузiброньовикiв. Їх використання пiд чac вiйcькових конфлiктiв покaзує вaжливicть тaрентaбельнicть дaного виду вiйcькової технiки нa теренaх cучacної Європи. У ХХIcтолiттi БТР як caмоcтiйнa бойовa одиниця отримує новий ковток повiтря тaпродовжує cвоє caмовдоcконaлення. Зacтоcувaння БТР-iв в ХXI cт. тa їх поcтуповaмодифiкaцiя («БТР-3», «БТР-4», «БТР-70 Кобрa-К», «БТР-80-УП» тa iн.) нaочнопокaзують необхiднicть у розробцi нових компонентiв для бронетрaнcпортерiв. Новiтнiтехнологiї впровaджуютьcя i у вiйcькову технiку, що згодом cтaє вирiшaльним чинникому доcягненнях cтрaтегiчних зaвдaнь тa цiлей пiд чac виконaння cвоїх безпоcереднiхвійськових обов'язкiв.

A detailed examination of the "Korean development model" from its urban dimension, evaluating its sociopolitical contexts and implications for international development cooperation.There is an increasing tendency to use the development experience of Asian countries as a reference point for other countries in the Global South. Korea's condensed urbanization and industrialization, accompanied by the expansion of new cities and industrial complexes across the country, have become one such model, even if the fruits of such development may not have been equitably shared across geographies and generations. The chapters in this book critically reassess the Korean urban development experience from regional policy to new town development, demonstrating how these policy experiences were deeply rooted in Korea's socioeconomic environment and discussing what can be learned from them when applying them in other developmental contexts. This book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers in the field of urban studies and developmental studies in general, and in Korea's (urban) development experience in particular.

Generalized social trust is an important component of social capital and has been linked to a variety of individual- and community-level outcomes, including low crime rates, effective government, and healthy and happy citizens. Drawing on a multicommunity survey conducted in several American towns and cities in 2002, the authors examine the individual and contextual origins of general social trust using the techniques of Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Based on prevailing theoretical understandings of social trust, the authors posit a comprehensive model to account for the contextual variation that remains after controlling for individual-level variables. Two community-level variables, voter turnout and commute times, emerge as important contextual predictors of social trust. The authors explore community attachment as a potential mediator of these effects, finding that it partially mediates the impact of commuting but not voter turnout, results consistent with their distinction between "experiential" and "cultural" theories of social trust formation.

The article raises the issue of the importance of the study of military history in modern higher education. Theoretical and practical issues related to the use of visual aids in the subject «History of the Ukrainian Army» are considered. Visual materials serve as a support in revealing the essence of historical phenomena, the formation of basic historical concepts and laws, ensures their deeper understanding. Visual aids affect students emotionally. Visual learning develops students' observation, imagination and memory, maintains a constant interest in the historical past. In particular, special attention is paid to such an element of visual clarity as graphic reconstruction. Reconstruction is one of the main and most important tasks of history, because by reproducing images and objects of the past, we get a tool for their perception and interpretation. The process of creating the correct graphic reconstruction is analyzed. The article presents the main achievements in the field of military history illustration in recent years. Recommendations are given on the use of drawings of individual artists from modern popular science publications as visual materials for certain topics of the subject «History of the Ukrainian Army». ; В статті піднімається проблема важливості дослідження військової історії в сучасній вищій школі. Розглядаються теоретичні та практичні питання, пов'язані з використанням наочності на заняттях з предмету «Історії українського війська». Наочність служить опорою в розкритті сутності історичних явищ, формуванні основних історичних понять і законів, забезпечує їх більш глибоке засвоєння. Наочні навчальні засоби впливають на студентів емоційно. Візуальне навчання розвиває в студентів спостережливість, уяву і пам'ять, підтримує постійний інтерес до історичного минулого. Зокрема особлива увага приділена такому елементу наочності як графічна реконструкція. Реконструкція є однією з головних і найбільш важливих завдань історії, оскільки, відтворюючи образи та предмети минулого, ми отримуємо інструмент для їх сприйняття та інтерпретації. Аналізуються процес створення правильної графічної реконструкції. В статті наводяться основні досягнення у сфері в, військово-історичної ілюстрації останні роки. Подаються рекомендації щодо використання малюнків окремих художників з сучасних науково-популярних видань в якості наочного матеріалу до певних темз предмету «Історія українського війська».

Los planteamientos metodológicos y los proyectos curriculares vinculados a la enseñanza de la Historia dependerán de los contextos políticos y educativos, de los profesores, de las corrientes de pensamiento que han influido en la didáctica, de la finalidad educativa y el valor social atribuido. Por tanto, reflexionar sobre la enseñanza de la Historia y su innovación didáctica, haciendo confluir todos estos planos, interesaría para mejorar la práctica, la de hoy y la que vendrá, y dejar constancia de su devenir innovador. Esta ha sido la principal finalidad del trabajo que se presenta, en el que se ha estudiado a profesores y grupos de innovación que sostuvieron propuestas de cambio frente a una enseñanza dela Historia basada en la trasmisión y memorización de contenidos principalmente políticos, organizados cronológicamente y centrados en el ámbito del occidente europeo. ; Methodological approaches and curricular projects linked to the teaching of history will depend on the political and educational contexts, the teachers, the currents of thought that have influenced didactics, the educational purpose and the social value attributed. Therefore, to reflect on the teaching of history and its didactic innovation, bringing all these levels together, would be of interest in order to improve the practice, the practice of today and the one to come, and to record its innovative future. This has been the main purpose of the work presented, in which teachers and innovation groups have been studied and supported proposals for change as opposed to a teaching of history based on the transmission and memorization of contents mainly political, organized chronologically and centered in the area of Western Europe. ; Les approches méthodologiques et les projets curriculaires liés à l'enseignement de l'histoire dépendront des contextes politiques et éducatifs, des enseignants, des courants de pensée qui ont influencé la didactique, du but éducatif et de la valeur sociale attribuée. Il serait donc intéressant de réfléchir à l'enseignement de l'histoire et à son innovation didactique, en rassemblant tous ces niveaux, afin d'améliorer la pratique, celle d'aujourd'hui et celle de demain, et d'enregistrer son avenir novateur. Tel a été le principal objectif du travail présenté, dans lequel les enseignants et les groupes d'innovation ont été étudiés et ont soutenu des propositions de changement par opposition à un enseignement de l'histoire fondé sur la transmission et la mémorisation de contenus principalement politiques, organisés chronologiquement et centrés dans le domaine de l'Europe occidentale.

The 19th century experiences of Yellow Fever epidemics in New Orleans and Norfolk present historical parallels for how those cities, and others, are experiencing existential threats from climate change and sea level rise in the 21st century. In particular, the 19th century ?Sanitary Reform? movement can be interpreted as a model for challenges facing 21st century ?Climate Resilience? initiatives, including denialism and political obfuscation of scientific debates as well as tensions between short-term profit and the cost of long-term infrastructure investments and between individualism and communitarianism. The history of Sanitary Reform suggests that, at least in the U.S., Climate Resilience initiatives will advance largely on a regional basis through extended local debates around these and other challenges until resilient infrastructure and practices are taken for granted much as sanitary waterworks and sewers are today. The 19th century experiences of Yellow Fever epidemics in New Orleans and Norfolk present historical parallels for how those cities, and others, are experiencing existential threats from climate change and sea level rise in the 21st century. In particular, the 19th century "Sanitary Reform" movement can be interpreted as a model for challenges facing 21st century "Climate Resilience" initiatives, including denialism and political obfuscation of scientific debates as well as tensions between short-term profit and the cost of long-term infrastructure investments and between individualism and communitarianism. The history of Sanitary Reform suggests that, at least in the U.S., Climate Resilience initiatives will advance largely on a regional basis through extended local debates around these and other challenges until resilient infrastructure and practices are taken for granted much as sanitary waterworks and sewers are today.

Se analiza la zona de la playa San Juan, el Cabo de las Huertas y la Albufereta, situadas a 5 km al NE de la ciudad de Alicante, durante el periodo (1959-79), en el contexto de la Dictadura y con el único marco legal de la Ley del Suelo española 1956. Cabría decir que, en 1963, aparece la Ley de Centros y Zonas de Interés Turístico Nacional. El cambio de las condiciones nacionales de 1959 propicia la urbanización de la playa de San Juan en el cabo de Huertas de Alicante que, ya formaba parte de una ambiciosa propuesta de 1933. Juan Guardiola Gaya, arquitecto catalán, redacta el plan parcial de esta franja de terrenos frente al mar para convertirla en un barrio turístico autónomo. Resulta significativo que elementos tradicionalmente antiurbanos como la naturaleza, los espacios libres y la arquitectura aislada son los que definan esta nueva ciudad para las vacaciones. De ahí que durante mucho tiempo estos núcleos turísticos vacíos en gran parte del año y constituidos solamente casi por segundas residencias no hayan sido considerados auténticas ciudades. Obviamente estos núcleos, a diferencia de las ciudades propiamente dichas, eran ciudades-satélites alojadas en la periferia litoral y cultural. No disponían de equipamiento suficiente pero tampoco contaban con industrias. Por el contrario, tenían más espacios libres. Utilizamos el término ciudad, a pesar de su tamaño, porque estaban pensadas para el comercio del tiempo libre. Eran las otras ciudades, las del verano para las vacaciones, como este caso. ; It analyzes the beach area San Juan, Cabo de las Huertas and Albufereta, 5 km NE of the city of Alicante, in the period (1959-1979), which it coincides with the period politician of the dictatorship and marked by a single legal context, the Spanish Land Act 1956. In planning matters in this period of study, we already had the Charter of Athens (1934) mechanistic values ??extolling with the presence of green areas, and in 1963 the Act Centres and National Tourist Interest Areas appears. In 1959 the country's conditions are other and they decided to urbanize San Juan beach in Huertas Cape of Alicante which it was part of an ambitious proposal of 1933. Juan Guardiola Gaya, Catalan architect, writes the partial plan this strip of waterfront land to make it a standalone tourist district. Significantly, are elements traditionally 'anti-urban'- like nature, open spaces and the architecture in isolation which define this new town for the holidays, hence long –empty these tourist centers in much of the year and constituted only almost second homes- not been considered authentic cities, towns first. Obviously these nuclei were not as winter cities, cities - satellites were housed in the coastal and cultural periphery. They were not as equipped as these, but in its favor, they had not industries. By contrast, there were more open spaces in which 'nature' is generated artificialmente. And we use the term 'city', despite their size, as they were all designed for the leisure trade. They were the 'other cities', the summer for vacation, as this case.

It is a major challenge for any nation to accommodate an influx of migrants corresponding to a quarter of its population in three years. This research seeks to understand how such a phenomenon, inconceivable at first glance, could have taken place in cities in Lebanon that have hosted over a million refugees from Syria since 2011. With this brutal phenomenon as a starting point, the thesis examines the factors that have made it possible for the urban refugees to settle in places marked by extreme processes of socio-spatial injustice. The thesis addresses this issue at three levels: (1 ) at the local urban scale, within which urban dwellers and refugees live a continuous cycle of dissymmetrical negotiations on the occupation and appropriation of their respective spaces, reflected in daily situations of tension and conflict; (2) at the national level, within which the internal geopolitics and the effects of government, local authority, and NGO actions play a direct role in influencing the access of refugees to the city; (3) finally at the international geopolitical scale which addresses the situation of the Middle East. At this scale, the analysis focuses on the effects of historical relations between Lebanon and Syria in the current settlement of refugees. Negotiating space is not seen as the result of an exclusively binary relationship between refugees and the host society. Rather, the thesis demonstrates how this relationship fits into mechanisms that produce and reproduce inequalities expressed on multiple scales, and touch all urban dwellers - whether they are originally Syrian, Palestinian, Lebanese from different religious groups, or even from a foreign country. The study is based on a qualitative ethnographic approach using a variety of methods, particularly in-depth interviews with diverse population samples. These are accompanied by systematic observations in three urban neighbourhoods: Tebbeneh in Tripoli, El-Nab'a and the Palestinian camp of Bourj el-Barajneh in Beirut. ; Recevoir en trois ans un afflux de migrants correspondant à un quart de sa population constitue un défi majeur pour n'importe quelle nation. Cette recherche tente de comprendre comment un tel phénomène, à priori inconcevable, a pu advenir dans les villes du Liban, qui ont accueilli plus d'un million de réfugiés depuis 2011. Partant de ce phénomène brutal, elle examine les facteurs qui ont permis à ces réfugiés urbains de s'installer tant bien que mal dans des espaces marqués par des processus extrêmes d'injustices socio-spatiales. La thèse aborde cette question à trois niveaux : (1 ) à l'échelle urbaine locale, où citadins et réfugiés vivent un cycle continu de négociations dissymétriques concernant l'occupation et l'appropriation de leurs espaces respectifs, reflété dans des situations quotidiennes de tension et de conflit ; (2) au niveau national, dans lequel la géopolitique interne à la société libanaise et les effets de l'action publique du gouvernement, des collectivités territoriales et des ONG prennent un rôle direct, influençant l'accès des réfugiés à la ville ; (3) à l'échelle géopolitique internationale enfin, qui aborde la situation du Moyen-Orient. À cette échelle, l'analyse s'attache aux effets des relations historiques entre le Liban et la Syrie dans l'installation actuelle des réfugiés. Cependant, l'espace de négociation n'est pas exclusivement perçu comme le résultat d'une relation binaire entre réfugiés et société d'accueil. Plus largement, la thèse démontre comment cette relation s'insère dans des mécanismes qui produisent et reproduisent des inégalités exprimées à des échelles multiples et qui opèrent sur l'ensemble des populations citadines, que ces dernières soient d'origines syriennes, palestiniennes, qu'elles appartiennent aux différentes communautés religieuses libanaises ou qu'elles soient originaires de pays étrangers. L'étude repose sur une approche ethnographique qualitative faisant appel à diverses méthodes, particulièrement des entretiens approfondis auprès d'échantillons de population très divers. Ceux-ci sont accompagnés d'observations systématiques menées dans trois quartiers urbains : Tebbeneh à Tripoli, El-Nab'a et le camp palestinien de Bourj el-Barajneh à Beyrouth.