Suchergebnisse

Le terme de « bonne distance » mobilise, pour parler de la relation et du travail relationnel, une métaphore spatiale, qui évoque un tir bien réglé ou un curseur qui serait à la bonne place entre éloignement et proximité. Cette « bonne distance » a des justifications professionnelles et éthiques. Bien que la formule soit commode, elle est très floue. L'article montre, à partir d'exemples empiriques, comment elle recouvre un certain nombre de conflits : autour du contenu de la professionnalité, des modalités du respect de l'usager, des méthodes de formation à la bonne distance, plus expérientielles ou plus technicistes. Par ailleurs, le contenu de la « bonne distance » est un construit social, soumis à variations historiques, et également sensible aux situations concrètes d'interaction, comme le media de l'interaction, l'âge des usagers, le cadre institutionnel du travail de care . Enfin, l'article montre que si la thématique commode de la « bonne distance » est interprétée de manière psychologisante, elle masque une autre problématique, importante et délicate, celle de la gestion de l'autonomie de l'usager, qui renvoie à des enjeux non seulement psychologiques et émotionnels, mais aussi politiques. L'éthique des professionnels se joue également par rapport aux institutions.

This study examined the conditions that motivate candidates to go negative during a parliamentary election campaign. We argue that by-elections encourage candidates to engage in more negative campaigning. Three mechanisms might explain the alleged link: time pressure, media exposure, and voter turnout. Two main factors jointly determine which candidates rely heavily on negative campaigning during by-elections: candidate characteristics and electoral competition. New data collected from press coverage of Taiwanese legislative elections (2008–2022), covering 318 campaigns in single-member electoral districts, were analysed using the qualitative comparative analysis method. We modelled negative campaigning as a combination of a list of potential causal conditions. Thereafter, process-tracing methods were applied to analyse a typical case to demonstrate the internal causal mechanism. The qualitative comparative analysis results and the case study indicate that increased electoral competition causes parachute candidates to criticise political opponents during a by-election campaign, with less emphasis on their own policy proposals. These results suggest that researchers should pay close attention to important contextual factors that underlie candidates' strategic choices, particularly during by-elections.

AbstractCommunication scholars are increasingly concerned with interactions between humans and communicative agents. These agents, however, are considerably different from digital or social media: They are designed and perceived as life-like communication partners (i.e., as "communicative subjects"), which in turn poses distinct challenges for their empirical study. Hence, in this paper, we document, discuss, and evaluate potentials and pitfalls that typically arise for communication scholars when investigating simulated or non-simulated interactions between humans and chatbots, voice assistants, or social robots. In this paper, we focus on experiments (including pre-recorded stimuli, vignettes and the "Wizard of Oz"-technique) and field studies. Overall, this paper aims to provide guidance and support for communication scholars who want to empirically study human-machine communication. To this end, we not only compile potential challenges, but also recommend specific strategies and approaches. In addition, our reflections on current methodological challenges serve as a starting point for discussions in communication science on how meaning-making between humans and machines can be investigated in the best way possible, as illustrated in the concluding section.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, we have experienced major pandemics and epidemics. However, we believe the COVID-19 pandemic was the first time a certain racial/ethnic group or nationality was blamed for the pandemic/epidemic. Anti-Asian racism and violence worldwide are not new, but they are on the rise during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the crimes against Asians during the pandemic received substantial media attention, there has been a paucity of empirical research in social science that addresses xenophobic sentiments, racism, and violence against Asians. To bridge the gap, the Korean Society of Criminology in America (KOSCA) invited papers to address the current global issue of anti-Asian racism and violence in mid2021. It was challenging to conduct empirical research because of the lack of data availability, time restrictions, and the narrowed research scope (e.g., Asians). This editorial introduction introduces six articles in this Special Issue of Race and Justice, "Anti-Asian Racism & Violence." We call for further, continuous attention to anti-Asian racism and violence, and we hope this special issue creates more scholarly discussion on this understudied, often-neglected topic.

This article explores the ways in which the two main African nationalist opposition groups in Rhodesia portrayed Britain in their media output. It uses a variety of sources, including newspapers, magazines, radio, and television programmes to recreate the key messages of the Zimbabwe African National Union and Zimbabwe African People's Union during the Unilateral Declaration of Independence period (1965–80). It argues that both groups recognised the importance of using propaganda for political purposes and developed an image of Britain as they believed it should be seen by the World. It further suggests, however, that this depiction of Britain was not always consistently applied, and that wider pressures can be seen at play. At times they claimed that the British were on the side of the rebellious settlers, and not to be trusted. Yet on other occasions they keenly asserted that, as the colonial power, the British Government had responsibility for Rhodesia and should be the focus of negotiations. In looking at these issues, this exploration of the propaganda war seeks to expand the historiography of Britain, Rhodesia, and the Zimbabwean nationalist movement.

Abstract
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals has received and continues to receive much attention from emotion researchers and behavioural scientists. However, the common misconception that Darwin advocated for the universality of emotional reactions has led to a host of unfounded and discredited claims promoted by 'body language experts' on both traditional and social media. These 'experts' receive unparalleled public attention. Thus, rather than being presented with empirically supported findings on non-verbal behaviour, the public is exposed to 'body language analysis' of celebrities, politicians and defendants in criminal trials. In this perspective piece, we address the misinformation surrounding non-verbal behaviour. We also discuss the nature and scope of statements from body language experts, unpacking the claims of the most viewed YouTube video by a body language expert, comparing these claims with actual research findings, and giving specific attention to the implications for the justice system. We explain how body language experts use (and misuse) Darwin's legacy and conclude with a call for researchers to unite their voices and work towards stopping the spread of misinformation about non-verbal behaviour.

AbstractLike many settings worldwide, Hong Kong has recently been combatting the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethnic minorities have reported perceived discrimination via local media outlets. They have been stereotyped as virus spreaders due to the increasing number of confirmed cases and untraceable COVID-19 clusters in Hong Kong. Using a social justice framework, this qualitative study explores gaps in COVID-19 prevention practices to eliminate systemic barriers for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. Fifteen interviews were conducted with social service providers who worked closely with ethnic minority groups (South and Southeast Asian groups from low-income households, foreign domestic workers and asylum seekers and refugees) during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. This study yielded six themes using thematic analysis as follows: (i) lacking mental health support for diverse ethnic minority groups; (ii) lacking efforts to eliminate perceived discrimination; (iii) existing language barriers across diverse services; (iv) lacking channels to disseminate accurate information; (v) a need for advanced technology and (vi) lacking appropriate surgical mask sizes for some ethnic minority individuals. This study recommends culturally responsive practices in Hong Kong.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing public health concern in India. These diseases have a high health-care demand and are costly, especially in low-resource settings. According to a WHO study, only 50% of chronic disease patients in developed countries follow treatment recommendations. The low compliance of patients with non-communicable diseases to treatment and medical advice is a major therapeutic challenge. The elderly is one of the most vulnerable and high-risk groups in terms of health. Physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use are the main behavioural risk factors for NCDs. The objective of the study is to concentrate on the risk factors that contribute to non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, etc. and the necessary steps that must be taken before they have a negative effect on our health. Recommendation: A population-based strategy has been developed for the prevention, management, and screening of prevalent Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, hypertension, and common malignancies. Increasing community awareness by use of print, electronic, and social media; promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and raising public awareness of NCDs.

Huge amount of literature has been published in recent years on topic of generation researchbut of varying quality. There is a significant interest in the topic, although an increasing amountof contradictory and methodologically questionable results have come to light. People developprejudices and beliefs based on popular media, which could be counterbalanced by scientificworks, but there is a noticable amount of thorough criticism against them. It is still a question,whether generation is the proper response to certain phenomena or we have just "generated" itand most charachteristics are rather related to age or life span? Cautious research is complicatedand lengthy, therefore many either choose to perform superficial research or to go so in-depththat does not allow answering problems and return to just individual differences. Some concludeby refusing the generational approach altogether. In these circumstances a kind of "responsible"generational research is to be suggested, which turns from dead ends to the scientific way andfinally tries to find "ration in generations" keeping in mind all the criticism of the approach.I summerize cosiderations in my work to find this right direction.

Abstract
The present study is an attempt at mapping the Romanian society's attitudes towards sustainable fashion. Our analyses are based on the European Commission Eurobarometer 92.4 (2019) data relevant for Romania. We have looked into ten Likert-type variables focused on consumer attitudes regarding sustainable fashion. As a first step, we created a sustainable-fashion attitude scale, followed by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) aimed at investigating the inner structure of the variables. Thereafter, we employed a linear regression analysis in a bid to answer the question as to which are the variables that account for commitment to sustainable fashion in Romania. Inter alia, our results suggest that positive attitudes towards sustainable fashion are most enhanced by awareness about environmental issues and sensitivity to environmental protection in general and are weakened most significantly by poor financial situation measured in terms of difficulty in paying the bills.
Besides gathering information on environmental protection from traditional media (the press), relying on Internet sources in this respect also increases support for the transition to a more environmentally conscious textile industry. Our analysis touches upon research limitations such as the attitude–action gap.

Although many cases of the so-called Cancel Culture in the American and British colleges and are taking place nowadays, social science researchers claim for a better understanding of the phenomenon and a clarification of the concept. In this context, cultural perspectives can be an interesting tool to illuminate facts and meanings. This paper tries to contribute to this debate introducing theoretical aspects as well as case studies from the Hispanic context. To achieve this goal, first three different approaches to the Cancel Culture (critical, institutional, and moral) are explained. Then, we examine the role of social media and the new "fear of isolation", connecting Cancel Culture with the classic theory of the spiral of silence (Noelle-Neumann, 1974). We complement the theoretical discussion with an exploratory work on cases of Cancel Culture in different Hispanic countries. Observing characteristics of those cases we can conclude that they do not follow the traces of the Anglosaxon world, but they share some aspects of the culture of fear in the new digital context. This is the first academic work in this field for the situation in Latin America and Spain.

Abstract
This case study focuses on the educational materials created by an NGO drop-in centre for the queer/questioning community in a Cambodian city. These materials consist of bilingual posters (English and Khmer) on display at the centre which provide explanations to those who make use of this space about diverse gender/sexual identities (LGBTQ+), as well as online resources featured on the NGO's website/social media that raise awareness of these issues at both local and global levels. The study seeks to gain critical insight into the use of certain linguistic resources for sexuality education at this site of instruction. To do so, we present a multimodal discourse analysis of a sample of the materials, together with an analysis of metapragmatic reflections drawn from interviews conducted with the centre's director. We therefore attend to how multilingual linguistic resources, and other semiotic forms, are being used to foster and shape knowledges about gender and sexualities at this site of community engagement, and how a metapragmatic negotiation of these knowledges in the interview reveals identity work that impacts these linguistic choices and their potential effects.

In legal literature, the dissemination of false information on the Internet is referred to as online defamation. However, Ukrainian legislation does not enshrine this term, which creates difficulties with respect to legal protection against online defamation. So, the aim of the article is to determine the legal remedies for countering defamation of public figures on the Internet. The research involved the following methods: analysis, case study, graphic methods. The study revealed the main contradictions in defamation research and identified unexplored aspects of the issue. The legislation of Ukraine and other countries of the world with regard to defamation and protection against libel is examined. International aspects of providing protection against defamation and the researchers' recommendations on how to balance the right to freedom of expression and the right to privacy are studied. Highlighted in the conclusions are that the study established the need to improve Ukraine's legislative framework on defamation issues, make changes in educational programs and improve the media literacy of the population. Prospects for future research include the study of the means of settlement of defamation cases at the international level.

Skin lightening cuts across multiple and intersecting areas of interest to sociologists. These include consumerism, capital, the body, femininities, masculinities, the power of the media in shaping people's imaginations, constructions of beauty, and racialised and gendered social relations and representations, with the legacies of colonial pasts playing out in the present. Here, we set out some key themes, patterns, and frames observed in the multidisciplinary work published on skin lightening, and advocate for the addition of other frames for strategic reasons, which we argue in the second half of the article. Foucault's technologies of self is recommended as a platform for critiquing individualism and the framing of choice; a political economy approach would help establish that skin lightening is a global business and grasp industry-wide patterns. Finally, a shift to looking at discourse and counter-discourse would reframe women as active agents in cultural resistance and change, and not just the relatively passive dupes of the colonial legacy. We thus map out a broad research agenda that would transform skin lightening into an object of broad, sustained sociological research.