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Within the framework of the article the problem of inequality in the Third Sector is defined. The authors tie the production and institutionalization of this inequality with laws that were passed in the sphere of the regulation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in recent years as well as with several draft laws. The analysis focuses on the "foreign agent" status. Organizations that receive this status have more obligations and fewer rights in comparison with other NGOs. According to the research, the burden of a foreign agent status can be measured in terms of legal discrimination, but it also may be measured financially. The authors see fit to analyze other existing legal statuses of Russian NGOs, above all the status of an NGO realizing socially valuable projects (SO NGO), and to compare them with the legal status of a "foreign agent" NGO. The analysis shows that foreign agent NGOs and SO NGOs gradually stand at opposite poles of the legal system: the former are synonymous with politically and legally undesirable subjects, whereas the latter step by step become the state-oriented, useful organizations meriting additional support, protection and social, economic and legal benefits.

в данной статье путём сравнительно-правового метода описываются общие черты и различия в обязательствах вследствие причинения вреда в Российской Федерации и других странах континентальной правовой семьи ; а также характеризуется ответственность за вред ; причинённый недостатками товаров ; работ и услуг по законодательству стран англо-саксонской правовой семьи ; вносятся предложения по совершенствованию законодательства. ; using a comparative law method this article describes the similarities and differences in the obligations as a result of the injury in the Russian Federation and other countries of continental legal family ; characterizes the responsibility for harm caused by deficiencies of goods ; jobs and services under the laws of the countries in the Anglo-Saxon legal family. The work also suggests the ways to improve the legislation.

The final contribution to a symposium on, "The Supreme Court Forecasting Project," explores how the project might advance or undermine the law's status as a space for shared public discourse & moral engagement. The law allows for the pursuit of disagreement in an otherwise technological & consumerist society. Recognition of the centrality of law to the cultures of modern societies by social scientists & legal realists is explored. Although the forecasting project initially appears to fulfill the dream of a social science of law, it is contended that statistical analyses of court decisions may undervalue the Court's collective moral accomplishment & suggest that structural features explain more of what happens in litigation than substantive or doctrinal particularities. Specific concerns are addressed in relation to law & the social sciences; law & consumer culture; & trust in systems. Since the law provides space for collective moral discourse, it is contended that social science needs to support, rather than hinder, popular participation & critical engagement with the law. 126 References. J. Lindroth

Cases of sexual violence are increasingly occurring in Indonesia, including in Aceh. Therefore, the existence of a safe house is seen very necessary and doing research on it is very important. However, in the context of Aceh, it becomes more important and interesting in relation to the regulation of the implementation of Islamic law. This paper discusses the existence of a safe house for victims of sexual violence in a sharia country, what if it is associated with the perspective of legal politics and maqasid al-syariah. This study used qualitative research using empirical juridical research methods, namely a field research that examines the applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. The result of the study showed that the existence of safe houses in Aceh was very crucial. However, until then, Aceh only had two safe houses, although actually not too worthy to be called a definitive safe house. Normatively, there were many laws and qanuns having been made, but it seems that there was little political will and commitment from the authorities, even though in a syar'i perspective, the existence of safe houses in the perspective of maqasid al-syariah as dharuriyyah side is very important from Islamic perspective.

The regulation of interventions in an urban environment is established at State level,subsequent to the Act 8/2013, June 26th, related to Urban Rehabilitation, Regeneration andRenovation, in that mentioned law and in the Land Act (Royal Decree 2/2008) that was modified bythe above mentioned law. Therefore it is essential to link the different types of interventionsforeseen in both laws to establish their connections, as they are not fully coincident. This essayapproaches the legal regulation of interventions in urban environment foreseen in Act 8/2013(liable persons, planning, management, ways of execution and ways of collaboration) whichestablishes a common regulation applicable to the different types of interventions. So, once theconnections between the interventions regulated in the Act 8/2013 and the Land Act have beenestablished (urban transformations and buildings interventions foreseen in the Land Act) afterwardsthe paper analyses the urban tasks regulated in the mentioned Land Act, with special attention toadjustment or ways of compliance to such interventions in the urban environment. ; La regulación de las actuaciones sobre el medio urbano queda residenciadaen el ámbito estatal, tras la Ley 8/2013, de 26 de junio, de rehabilitación, regeneracióny renovación urbanas, en esta Ley y en la Ley de Suelo (RD Legislativo 2/2008)modificada por ella, razón por la que se hace imprescindible relacionar las tipologíasde actuaciones previstas en ambas leyes para establecer su correspondencia, ya queno son enteramente coincidentes. En este trabajo se aborda el régimen jurídico de lasactuaciones sobre el medio urbano previstas en la Ley 8/2013 (sujetos obligados,ordenación y gestión, formas de ejecución y de colaboración) que, en rigor, no diferenciaentre los diversos tipos de actuaciones, para, una vez establecidas las correspondenciascon las actuaciones reguladas en la Ley de Suelo (de transformación urbanísticay edificatorias), analizar los deberes urbanísticos regulados en esta última,prestándose especial atención a las modulaciones o formas de cumplimiento alternativasaplicables a las actuaciones sobre el medio urbano.

The regulation of interventions in an urban environment is established at State level,subsequent to the Act 8/2013, June 26th, related to Urban Rehabilitation, Regeneration andRenovation, in that mentioned law and in the Land Act (Royal Decree 2/2008) that was modified bythe above mentioned law. Therefore it is essential to link the different types of interventionsforeseen in both laws to establish their connections, as they are not fully coincident. This essayapproaches the legal regulation of interventions in urban environment foreseen in Act 8/2013(liable persons, planning, management, ways of execution and ways of collaboration) whichestablishes a common regulation applicable to the different types of interventions. So, once theconnections between the interventions regulated in the Act 8/2013 and the Land Act have beenestablished (urban transformations and buildings interventions foreseen in the Land Act) afterwardsthe paper analyses the urban tasks regulated in the mentioned Land Act, with special attention toadjustment or ways of compliance to such interventions in the urban environment. ; La regulación de las actuaciones sobre el medio urbano queda residenciadaen el ámbito estatal, tras la Ley 8/2013, de 26 de junio, de rehabilitación, regeneracióny renovación urbanas, en esta Ley y en la Ley de Suelo (RD Legislativo 2/2008)modificada por ella, razón por la que se hace imprescindible relacionar las tipologíasde actuaciones previstas en ambas leyes para establecer su correspondencia, ya queno son enteramente coincidentes. En este trabajo se aborda el régimen jurídico de lasactuaciones sobre el medio urbano previstas en la Ley 8/2013 (sujetos obligados,ordenación y gestión, formas de ejecución y de colaboración) que, en rigor, no diferenciaentre los diversos tipos de actuaciones, para, una vez establecidas las correspondenciascon las actuaciones reguladas en la Ley de Suelo (de transformación urbanísticay edificatorias), analizar los deberes urbanísticos regulados en esta última,prestándose especial atención a las modulaciones o formas de cumplimiento alternativasaplicables a las actuaciones sobre el medio urbano.

Автор аналізує теоретичні основи сучасної правової реальності, що змінилася, а також ознаки кризи правопорядку в Україні сьогодні.Автор вважає, шо правова криза в Україні є перманентною, вона стала «інститутом запуску» інших національних криз — політичної, влади та управління, демографічної, економічної, моральної тощо. Одночасно правова криза підсилювалась і продовжує посилюватись політичною та іншими видами криз, створюючи загальну системну криз у державі. З'ясовано, що від міри адекватності обґрунтування його причин залежать спрямованість і ефективність як реформування суспільства в цілому, так і здійснення правової реформи як складової частини трансформаційних процесів зокрема.З філософської позиції розкриваються фактори формування правового поля освіти в умовах становлення нового історичного типу суспільства, у нашому випадку ­ інформаційного. Аналізується процес трансформації сучасного українського суспільства, коли в ньому відбувається докорінна зміна ролі права, що набуває рис основного ціннісного орієнтиру, однієї з фундаментальних суспільних засад. Показано, що також змінюється і завдання юридичної науки. Вона намагається осмислити залежність права від людини. Посилення процесів глобалізації у сучасному світі та перспективи побудови гуманістичної, ліберально­демократичної цивілізації відіграли роль суттєвих стимулів до інтеграційних пошуків, спрямованих на теоретичні побудови, здатні «примирити» позитивістський і природно­правовий напрями у розвитку сучасного правознавства. Важливою є необхідність відповісти на питання, хто відтворює і відбудовує форми буття, в яких суб'єктних взаємодіях і ситуаціях вони відтворюються, змінюються, проектуються і конструюються. ; Автор аналізує теоретичні основи сучасної правової реальності, що змінилася, а також ознаки кризи правопорядку в Україні сьогодні.Автор вважає, шо правова криза в Україні є перманентною, вона стала «інститутом запуску» інших національних криз — політичної, влади та управління, демографічної, економічної, моральної тощо. Одночасно правова криза підсилювалась і продовжує посилюватись політичною та іншими видами криз, створюючи загальну системну криз у державі. З'ясовано, що від міри адекватності обґрунтування його причин залежать спрямованість і ефективність як реформування суспільства в цілому, так і здійснення правової реформи як складової частини трансформаційних процесів зокрема.З філософської позиції розкриваються фактори формування правового поля освіти в умовах становлення нового історичного типу суспільства, у нашому випадку ­ інформаційного. Аналізується процес трансформації сучасного українського суспільства, коли в ньому відбувається докорінна зміна ролі права, що набуває рис основного ціннісного орієнтиру, однієї з фундаментальних суспільних засад. Показано, що також змінюється і завдання юридичної науки. Вона намагається осмислити залежність права від людини. Посилення процесів глобалізації у сучасному світі та перспективи побудови гуманістичної, ліберально­демократичної цивілізації відіграли роль суттєвих стимулів до інтеграційних пошуків, спрямованих на теоретичні побудови, здатні «примирити» позитивістський і природно­правовий напрями у розвитку сучасного правознавства. Важливою є необхідність відповісти на питання, хто відтворює і відбудовує форми буття, в яких суб'єктних взаємодіях і ситуаціях вони відтворюються, змінюються, проектуються і конструюються. ; The author analyzes the theoretical foundations of the modern legal reality has changed , as well as signs of a crisis of law in Ukraine sogodni.Avtor believe sho legal crisis in Ukraine is permanent , it became the " Institute Launch " other national crises ­ political, government and management, demographic, economic , moral , etc. . Simultaneously legal crisis intensified and continues to intensify political and other types of crises , creating an overall systemic crisis in the state. Revealed that the degree of adequacy of reasons justify its effectiveness depends on the direction and reform as society in general, and legal reform as part of the transformation processes in particular.From the philosophical positions revealed factors of legal education in the field of establishing a new historical type of society, in our case ­ the information . Examines the process of transformation of the modern Ukrainian society when it comes fundamental change in the role of law, acquires the features of the basic values, one of the fundamental social principles . It is shown that also changes the task of legal science . She tries to comprehend the relationship of human rights . Strengthening global processes tion in the modern world and the prospects of building a humanistic , liberal­democratic citizens tion played a significant role incentives for inte graceful searches aimed at theoretical constructions are able to " reconcile" the positivist and prirodnopravovy directions in the development of modern jurisprudence. Important is the need to answer the question of who plays and restores the form of being , in which the subject interaction and situations they reproduce, modify, designed and constructed.

This six-hundred page compendium of statutory materials affecting family law includes uniform acts, state and federal statutes, and international treaties. Each of the statutes is preceded by an editors' introduction, which includes relevant legal periodicals to assist with understanding how that particular statute applies. This book is meant to complement the ninth edition of the family law casebook, which shall be published by Foundation Press shortly, but the book may support a separate course on the interaction between common law and statutory interaction. ; https://scholarship.law.edu/fac_books/1138/thumbnail.jpg

In the deregulated, yet highly regulated environment of the telecommunications industry, a rural telephone cooperative transformed itself into a successful integrated telecommunications company. Managing local political and legal environments along with using relationship marketing tactics implemented cross-functionally, this Midwestern company challenged incumbent monopolies for market share. While the company spent more than one year acquiring legal permission to access the market and another year building its fiber optic telecommunications network, it also constructed relationships with community leaders, politicians, media outlets, and thousands of residents. Its monopoly competitors utilized state laws and the legal process in an attempt to prevent the Midwestern companys entry into the market. Interestingly, the competitors ignored the necessity of relationship marketing and by the time the Midwestern companys first client was connected, it had a waiting list of eager new consumers. This case chronicles the actions taken to achieve the Midwestern companys major accomplishments and expansion and is appropriate for use in a graduate Business and Society, or Business, Government and Society course.

The purpose of this Essay is to re-evaluate the project of private law harmonization via directives in the vocabulary of classical comparative scholarship on legal transplants. The Essay draws on writings according to which the Community legislature, when employing foreign rules for the purpose of harmonising private law, does a job that resonates with that of any other legislature wishing to introduce into legislation rules based on foreign material. For it will have to deal with the extent to which the intended legal transplant can be successfully actualised or otherwise, in relation to favourable or not contextual factors. On the basis of this approach two claims look appropriate. First: that, in shaping and advancing the agenda of private law Europeanization, the actors involved in the Community legislative process pay little attention to a range of adverse contextual conditions that happen to obstruct harmonization. This is what legal comparative analyses that focus on legal transplants would call a 'misuse' of the comparative legal method, which typically results, as it does in our case, in the failure of various intended legal transplants. Second: that the Community legislature can learn one important lesson from the teachings of comparative scholarship on legal transplants. That is: there are situations in which contexts, at the receiving end of the legal transplants, are fundamentally at odds with the rules-to-be-transplanted. Although the purpose of harmonization is to narrow down the variety of laws, in such problematic situations the harmonization agenda could be adjusted in relation to the targeted contexts, so as to avoid problems associated with the rejection of various legal transplants. The article suggests a number of context-sensitive techniques available for a legislature committed to avoid 'misuse-by-legislation' in as diverse areas as unfair contracting, product liability and guarantees. It is submitted that the ongoing work of the Commission aimed at reviewing a triad of directives (the 'Product Liability', 'Unfair Terms' and 'Doorstep' Directives) would be ideal terrain for initiating the required change, if only because of the ample accumulated evidence of the many failures in enforcing key rules contained in each such directive. It is also submitted that the Commission, regrettably, is not at all embracing such techniques. Recent moves towards 'full harmonization', such as proposed 'directive on consumer rights' are criticised in this light.

Ataei, M., Degbelo, A., Kray, C., & Santos, V. (2018). Complying with privacy legislation: from legal text to implementation of privacy-aware location-based services. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(11), [442]. DOI:10.3390/ijgi7110442 ; An individual's location data is very sensitive geoinformation. While its disclosure is necessary, e.g., to provide location-based services (LBS), it also facilitates deep insights into the lives of LBS users as well as various attacks on these users. Location privacy threats can be mitigated through privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which was introduced recently and harmonises data privacy laws across Europe. While the GDPR is meant to protect users' privacy, the main problem is that it does not provide explicit guidelines for designers and developers about how to build systems that comply with it. In order to bridge this gap, we systematically analysed the legal text, carried out expert interviews, and ran a nine-week-long take-home study with four developers. We particularly focused on user-facing issues, as these have received little attention compared to technical issues. Our main contributions are a list of aspects from the legal text of the GDPR that can be tackled at the user interface level and a set of guidelines on how to realise this. Our results can help service providers, designers and developers of applications dealing with location information from human users to comply with the GDPR. ; publishersversion ; published

On 17 June 2021, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia adopted a Bill on Long-term Care. This legislative activity also raised the question of the existence and effectiveness of a legal environment to promote social infrastructure development for housing and care of older adults. Social infrastructures include the facilities in which long-term care services are provided. Therefore, the new legislative proposal also raised the issue of the regulation of this social infrastructure and the housing and care solutions as a part of the social infrastructure since they benefit individuals and communities. Furthermore, in line with the growing trend towards deinstitutionalisation, the legal environments should enhance alternative housing solutions for the elderly. The purpose of this article is to describe the foundations of the social infrastructure for older adults and examine the legal basis for its provision. The research belongs to legal geography studies, which means that the substance of laws and materialisation in space are considered. We identified two primary spatial–legal barriers to overcome, which are (a) the separate treatment of the housing and health aspects and (b) the absence of the guarantee schemes for the construction of housing-with-care solutions. The results would be helpful for the optimal organisation of integrated care, which individual research groups in Slovenia are studying.

AbstractArticles 12 and 13 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities encourage modifications to member‐country justice systems to ensure equal access to justice for people with disabilities. The article explores Swedish professionals' perceptions and experiences of the accessibility of the country's justice system to individuals with intellectual disability (ID) who are involved in prostitution and prostitution‐like activities and have become victims of crime. Barriers to this accessibility, as well as the use of advocacy by, and cooperation between, professionals as ways to overcome them, are investigated. Thirteen open‐themed, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 21 participants working for the police, public prosecutor's office, social services, and habilitation services. Participants described shortcomings in the implementation, and even lack, of access to the justice system for these individuals, including lack of clear policies and legislation that would take ID into account. Crime victims with ID, according to them, were frequently not considered as credible witnesses by the justice system and there was a need for alternative communication tools in court. Also, lack of knowledge about people with ID among other professionals was identified as a problem. The use of advocacy function and successful collaboration among relevant professionals were suggested as ways to improve accessibility. The findings indicate that the laws and directives to promote the access of people with ID to the Swedish justice system are poorly implemented in practice. To improve this access, better collaboration among professionals and more systematic use of them in an advocacy role to help and support persons with ID throughout the entire justice process are likely to be helpful.