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The paper presents an analysis of the existing system of state support for rural social infrastructure for the first time. To address this goal the author studied the state information resources and data base of research of the models of state support for the sustainable development of rural areas. The researcher reveals the limitations of research on this subject (the analysis of Web of science, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Agris, Russian research data base), formulates the descriptive models of various countries in Europe and North America, and groups them into two basic systems. The tests revealed the main factors of the system of public funding of social infrastructure projects. In general financing the algorithms of support for rural social infrastructure were brought to light, the basis of which is made up by two main groups of countries: those with a support system for large rural settlements, selected on the principle of "driving member" and the countries with a system of grant and loan support for rural communities based on projects and local initiatives. The list of systems is not closed, because the study does not affect the countries of Asia, South America, Africa and Australia, which have their own distinctive features. The limitations in a single database of comparable statistical data about the objects of social and engineering infrastructure in rural areas do not allow to assess the effectiveness of investments. The author comes to the conclusion that single common methodology and standards for the evaluation of all forms of efficiency (economic, social, demographic and environmental) the use of state and interstate programs of support of social and infrastructural projects in rural areas, including a preliminary assessment of the needs in social and engineering facilities are necessary.

The author of the article analyzes the place and importance of the works of Italian utopiansfrom the modern era (such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Tommaso Campanella and Giovanni Botero)in Polish research from the range of the history of political thought from the 20th and the turnof 20th and 21st centuries. The first works dedicated to the aforementioned political thinkersfrom the 16th and 17th centuries by Bolesław Limanowski and Aleksander Świętochowski andthe publications from the interwar period were the starting point of the research. They werepresented much broader – also because of the appearance of the translations of the utopiansfrom the modern era in the 1940s and 1950s. Much interest – before 1956 – was attracted tothe concepts by Campanella, included in his famous work, City of the Sun. In the later times theimportant place in the Polish research on the history of Italian political thought was taken bythe content and expression of Niccolò Machiavelli, especially those fragments of The Prince,which show signs of utopian thought. Much interest was also brought to the works of GiovanniBotero, the author who was the first to use the term "reason of state" and who also proposedthe utopia of "universal monarchy". The final part is dedicated to the reflections on theItalian utopians of the modern era (but also influencing the modern utopias and dystopias –for example Orwell) by such Polish researchers as e.g. Jerzy Szacki, Janusz Tazbir, LeszekKołakowski, Bohdan Szlachta, Marcin Król, Monika Brzóstowicz-Klajn or Andrzej Dróżdż. Inthe context of the reflections on the possible negative influence of the work of utopians, it isworth to remind the significant observation by J. Baszkiewicz, who thought that "politicalreflection is not always conducted innocently. Political ideas can bring socially beneficialeffects, but they also can become a cause for destructive actions and severe havoc".Key words: Italian utopians of the Renaissance, history of political thought, state of scientificresearch

The article analyzes the deviant violations of the accepted behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society, reflected in Old English charters. The article deals with only one form of deviant violation of the paradigm of behavior – crime. The old English lawsuits charters were chosen as the object of analysis. The author proves that the reaction of society to the offense was placed in a wide range of forcing: from confiscation to expulsion and outlawing. In charters of the 10th century (Fonthill letter, charter S 1455; the expulsion of Æðelsig for stealing a pig, charter S 886; the confiscation of Æðelflӕda estate for the help for her exiled brother Leofsin, charter S 926) uses verbs flyman, afliman, exulare with the semantics 'to expel, to force, to flee'. In the charters of the 11th century (the lawsuit of the widow in Ailsworth and her son, charter S 1377), the word utlah, from which the modern outlaw derives, is used instead of these verbs. Thus, the author shows that the control over the maintenance of the paradigm of behavior in the equilibrium state was two-level. The first level of impact was the confiscation of property in the case of a single crime not involving with attempt on the life of another person. The second level of influence was the outlawing of a person for the re-theft or the murder of one or more people. The king and Bishop had the right to apply last measure. However, some serious crimes related to the murders and robbery (crimes of Wulfbald and his widow, charter S 877) were not connected with the expulsion. The reasons for this are unknown due to the fragmentary preservation of the sources. In particular, it is not known how the story of Wulfbald's widow ended.

An author probes the relapses of insurgent antibolshevist motion in Crimea, taking place in 1923. At he leans mainly against exposed in the funds of the Record office of Republic Crimea operative materials of Parts of the special setting of Crimea, which had vulture of secrecy, targeted at the narrow circle of persons, making decision. On this account these sources cause the trust of researchers fully justified.An author comes to the conclusion, that as compared to 1921–1922, the actions of the armed insurgent detachments carried episodic, irregular character. Not having support on wide social layers, their leaders could count mainly only on the not numerous survivor representatives of white officer, on insignificant part of peasantry and criminals, mainly followings the purpose of the personal making money. In regard to 1923 we already can not talk about any wide antibolshevist motion, and, rather, about the separate cases of the armed fight. Notably, that here in operative materials of Parts of the special setting high mobility of groups is fixed «green», aspiration of row of «gangsters» to abandon the limits of Crimea.Examining a political situation in Crimea in this period, it is not unimportant to take into account a that circumstance, that on a peninsula at this time the emissaries of Britannic and German secret services worked actively, that those forces which before made considerable pushes for the overthrow of monarchy and untiing of Civil war on space of the Russian empire. Does not cause doubts, that formation of Crimean ASSR in composition soviet Russia in November, 1921, and also creation of the new powerful state the USSR with the social project in December, 1922, was not at all included in their plans. Therefore western opponents tried to use inertia of Civil war for destabilization of one of key regions of RSFSR.

In this article, the author attempts to determine the strategic directions of Romania's foreign policy. Significant geopolitical events in Europe expose the need to clarify the priorities of the policy pursued by the country. Historically in foreign relations Romania has employed diplomatic strategies that allowed it, according to historians, to «anoeuvre» between the centres of power on the international arena. However, in the early 2000's a departure from this tradition has become apparent, especially during the administration of Traian Basescu (2004–2014), which also coincided with the country's joining NATO in 2004 and EU in 2007. After the collapse of the socialist bloc Romania set its priorities, firstly, in the direction of joining both NATO and EU and later bringing the country in accordance with their norms and standards was put high on the agenda. Having become a member of the Alliance and an EU-state, Romania has been determining its foreign policy from the point of view of synchronizing its strategic goals with those of NATO and EU. Along with this, the strategic partnership with the US and the attached to it significant importance for Romania dictate the one-sided political approach deprived of the traditional manoeuvre capability in foreign affairs. This is also proven by the fact that despite the declared and established privileged relations with a number of countries, the level of their "strategic" execution is very low in reality. That being said, the direction of the relations between Romania and the Russian Federation, whose views on many regional and international issues differ, are likely to be greatly influenced by the state of the Russia-West affairs. Having analyzed the historic and current aspects of Romania's foreign policy, the author determines the preservation of the euroatlanticism course as the main direction of the development of the foreign policy of Romania.

Institutionalisation of Women's Studies (WS) in India although started in the 1970s, it took a decade further to cross the threshold of Northeastern States. The isolation which the Northeast of India has always faced in the social, economic and political spheres was also reflected in the case of establishment of the Women's Studies Centres as the then Vice Chancellor Dr. Deba Prasad Barooah had to struggle against the University Grants Commission for establishing it in Gauhati University. Again, the narrative of WSRC, GU do not find mention in the book Narratives from Women's Studies Family: Recreating Knowledge where experiences of 17 centres from across the country are illustrated. This paper investigates all such structural difficulties, negligence and struggle faced by one of the first Women's Studies Centre of Northeast India, established in Gauhati University (GU), since its conceptualisation to inception in 1989 till the present. It attempts in revealing the experiences of the Directors, yielding the efforts behind the setting up of the centre, the role played by different individuals both internal and external of the University towards the establishment of the Centre, the catalysts that prevented the premature decay of the Centre and most importantly the struggle for space, identity and recognition the constraints faced to obtain them. To achieve these goals oral history method was applied to explore the experiences of the previous directors and the author (2nd author) herself. The narratives illustrate the history of struggles, challenges and the subsequent development over a span of more than twenty five years. The paper documents the support the University provided despite being a patriarchal institution for fostering of the WSRC, which in gradual years took steps to produce the Department of Women's Studies. It will also look into the progressive role Women's Studies played not only in the varsity internally but also at the external front through research and advocacy by inducing new panoramic view towards and discussion of women's issues in a multidimensional framework.

The analysis of the theoretical interpretations of the contradictions of the consumption archetype in the contemporary European space of economic and social interactions is presented in the article. The importance of the further development of scientific research on the newest consumption practices under the context of globalization and European integration is substantiated. The scientific understanding of consumption as the fundamental civilizational transcultural archetype which defined as determining factor for organization and technological development of contemporary production systems of production and as the stimulus of resource exchange between individual and collective subjects of public life is proved by the author. Also presented argumentation that the development of main practices of consumption reproduce in the globalized public space of the separate regions, and the European public space is the evident example of such region. It is proved that the main contradictions of the functional manifestations of the consumption archetype in the European public space of economic and social interactions are determined by the processes of real competition of various models of consumption, and by the increased manipulative influence of the media and advertising, which translate the values of the ideology of consumerism and the standards of elitist consumption without taking into account the existing deep socioeconomic inequality in most European societies. In this article is presented by the author the scientific argumentation of the conceptual position that internationalization of individual and collective practices of consumption determines the radical changes of the spatial conditions of social reproduction of these practices. Under contemporary conditions of the intensive global resource exchange, which is caused by the activities of TNCs and by the global migration, the development of basic consumption practices stimulate the new social transformations in the globalized public space of the different regions, and the European public space is also the one of such regions.

Resenha do livro O que é lugar de fala? é o primeiro livro da coleção Feminismos Plurais, lançado em 2017 e escrito pela ativista e intelectual Djamila Ribeiro. Nele a autora se propõe a desestabilizar as narrativas hegemônicas ao desmontar a falácia da voz universal e expor as diferentes condições sociais dos grupos para acessar lugares de cidadania. Propondo outros marcos epistêmicos e trazendo diversas referências da produção de conhecimento das feministas negras, Djamila denuncia como as relações de poder legitimam ou deslegitimam determinadas categorias a falar – e mesmo a existir. O livro também está sendo um fenônemo político de articulação e visibilidade, com eventos de lançamentos mobilizando milhares de mulheres negras brasileiras em todo o país. A presente resenha aborda os significados e inspirações do livro e da coleção e também conta com uma entrevista com a autora, num diálogo entre mulheres negras.Sujeito. Narrativas. Disputa. Djamila RibeiroNarratives in dispute: dismantling the universal subject and demarcating starting points "What is a place of speech?" - Djamila Ribeiroabstract "What is the place of speech?" is the first book in the Feminismos Plurais collection, published in 2017 and written by activist and intellectual Djamila Ribeiro. In this book, the author proposes to destabilize the hegemonic narratives by dismantling the fallacy of the universal voice and exposing the different social conditions of the groups to access places of citizenship. By proposing other epistemic milestones and bringing various references to black feminist knowledge production, Djamila denounces how power relations legitimize or delegitimize certain categories to speak - and even to exist. The book is also being a political phenomenon of articulation and visibility, with launch events mobilizing thousands of Brazilian black women throughout the country. This review addresses the meanings and inspirations of the book and the collection and also features an interview with the author in a dialogue among black women.Subject. Narratives. Disputes. Djamila Ribeiro

Purрose of the рaрer is to emphasize affinity and succession in the aррroaches of Descartes and Kierkegaard to the interpretation of key factors of their philosophical search. It could be implemented through understanding such viewpoints of both thinkers as a) appropriate reasons for human existence; b) possible factors for human freedom as a condition of self-actualization; c) original approach to prove the existence of God. Theoretical basis. The use of phenomenology and hermeneutics enable us to comprehend the key philosopher's ideas as the manifestation of their personalities. Originality. The author believes that it is quite right to refer to the philosophy of the early modern period as a form of its demand fulfillment for human development. An essential prerequisite for revealing the toрic of the article is a focus on the latest investigations of Descartes' philosophy, which demonstrate the anthropological significance. Since Kierkegaard's viewpoint was developed through depersonalized understanding of philosophy, related motives of their thoughts are expressed by emphasizing their personal motives of philosophizing. This affinity is reflected firstly, in distancing from depersonalized and dehumanized world view; secondly, in religion-oriented search and proof of God's existence based on human nature. Conclusions. Due to the modern state of historical and philosophical science, it is possible to argue that Descartes and Kierkegaard had content-related philosophizing motives, which are close to current search. Interpreting Descartes' anthropological project by Kierkegaard, the author states the accepted determining influence of Hegel's philosophy interpretation in general and his interpretation of Descartes, in particular. This argument allows to understand Kierkegaard's search as Hegel's deconstruction, because further uncritical retention and reproduction of his viewpoints are evaluated as a threat to fulfill human spiritual calling. A common and important thing in the views of both thinkers is their strong interest in individual and personal aspects of human nature as a constituent factor of God's existence.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose to expand the political economic understanding of a "fix", that is, capital's ability to overcome crises of profitability through a displacement of its crisis tendencies, to include an analytical attention to the gendered, sexualised and racialised unwaged and underpaid (caring) labour that reproduces labour power within a capitalist economy.Design/methodology/approachA "care fix", the author argues, involves attempts to manage a crisis of care in ways that do not resolve but merely displace the crisis, perpetuating the systemic imperative of capital to off-load the cost of social reproduction and care, thereby constituting a crucial dynamic of capitalist development and restructuring and resulting in the reorganisation of gendered and racialised class relations and historically contingent regimes of reproduction.FindingsThe maceration of the Fordist regime of reproduction under neoliberalism has given way to a new post-Fordist arrangement that, having exhausted its care fix, is now once again in crisis. A new care fix is currently under way, while at the same time it is being contested and redirected by the contemporary struggles over social reproduction, care and democracy.Research limitations/implicationsConsequently, the author discusses the emergence of the notion of "caring capitalism" and contrasts this with proposals for democratising care, in turn investigating these developments in the context of an ongoing crisis of political representation in Europe and offering a notion of "care municipalism" as a possible way forward.Practical implicationsThe practical implications concern the possibility of democratising the care sector.Social implicationsThe social implications pertain to the questions of how social, political and economic institutions shift when care is placed on their agenda.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is to make a theoretical contribution to the analysis of changing configurations of care, social reproduction and society in relation to questions of democracy.

Erratum to "The role of social media in sex education: Dispatches from queer, trans, and racialized communities", by Aida E Manduley, Andrea Mertens, Iradele Plante and Anjum Sultana, Feminism & Psychology, 2018, Vol. 28(1): 152–170. DOI: 10.1177/0959353517717751 . Author biographies SAGE regrets that in the biography of Aida E Manduley, gender pronouns were incorrectly changed during the production process. The correct biography reads as follows: Aida E Manduley is an award-winning Latinx activist, clinician, and sexuality educator known for big earrings and building bridges. Raised in Puerto Rico, they graduated with their Bachelor's in Gender and Sexuality Studies from Brown University and their Master's in Social Work from Boston University. Manduley's therapeutic work focuses on underrepresented populations and trauma, and is deeply informed by radical frameworks for change, such as Liberation Health. Queer in both gender and sexuality, and with a wild love of technology, they challenge traditional understandings of clinical positionality and seek to make education about sex available to a variety of audiences that are traditionally underresourced. Other areas of their expertise include organizational development, racial justice, sexual stigma, nonmonogamy, kink/BDSM, and youth education. Currently, Manduley serves as a clinician at The Meeting Point, an Executive Committee Member of the Women of Color Sexual Health Network, and the Special Projects Consultant for The Center for Sexual Pleasure and Health. Author affiliation On page 1 of this article, the affiliation of Aida E Manduley was incorrectly spelt as "Women of Colour Sexual Health Network, USA". This has been corrected to "Women of Color Sexual Health Network, USA". The online version of the article has been corrected. Note: This erratum was updated on 25 May 2020 with respect to a subsequent correction notice to this article found at DOI: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959353520927545 .

The article highlights the author's approach to improving cooperation mechanisms of the State Border Service of Ukraine with public organizations and population. There has been analyzed public control as a means their cooperation and priorities of improving the cooperation, particularly, forms and methods of organizing citizens' feedback, introduction of the assessment procedure of the efficiency of the SBSU and population and public organization. There have been stated conceptual pillars of the public control development in the SBSU, developed by the author, including public control forms and resource provision. There has been considered a mechanism algorithm of the public participation in the development of the border administration through submitting petitions or proposals concerning a legally enforceable enactment draft (or the legally enforceable enactment currently in force). There has been represented a mechanism model of discussing legally enforceable enactments and public petitions, developed by the author. It is noted that one of the mechanisms of interaction of the SBSU with the public is effective public control, which becomes an integral part of ensuring national security and political stability. The conditions of permanence of Ukraine's threats in the border area, and in certain areas and their exacerbation, along with further reforms of the institutes of Ukrainian statehood, cause the problem of establishing and implementing public control in the border area as an important and urgent one. It is proved that public control is intended to determine the correctness of the military-force policy in the border area, the validity of the scale and optimality of the forms of activity of the border guards. In accordance with all this, in the subject area of public control should be: political decisions on issues of border security, including international agreements; the expediency and validity of government programs for the provision and reform of the border authorities of Ukraine, assessment of the effectiveness of these programs and the procedure for making changes to them.

Background: In a highly technical civilization like ours, in which the interest in human communication transcends academic barriers and clinical practice, it seems necessary to look back to Ruesch's work in psychiatry. The main reason of it rests upon the idea that he was one of the few truly outstanding clinicians, researchers, and theoretical in the field of normal and abnormal communication. In fact, he did not only present a wealth of observational and clinical data; more importantly, he used these data to formulate creative hypotheses about the conflict between man and other human beings. Aim/Objective: The main purpose of this article is to pay tribute to Dr. Jurgen Ruesch (1909-1995), distinguished psychiatrist, communications experts and psychotherapist. For that reason, here we want to pay tribute to the enormous value of his work for the promotion of mental health and the clinical assessment of normal and pathological communication behavior. Methods: In working out his theoretical stance toward communication, all Ruesch's works here have been reviewed. In line with this, the author also mentions similarities between Ruesch and other psychiatric/psychotherapeutic authors. Also similarities have been established between Ruesch and Frank on "non specific factors in psychotherapy", and tensions within contemporary training of psychiatrists, almost predicted by Ruesch. Results and Conclusions: While some of Ruesch's ideas about the nature and origins of communication has been discounted, many of his preoccupations are now part of the mainstream, and it is to here that we should look for evidence of his legacy. In fact, he has been the author of rich and fruitful ideas, which are essential to clinical understanding of mental diseases and their treatments. It is not surprising, therefore, that Ruesch's burning interest in the clinical assessment of normal and pathological communicative behavior finds a significant echo in today's proliferation of books, papers, and conferences on communication. For all that, we should honor him.

This article analyses the role of the asset in economic performance of a business and why it is important to work out a precise definition of the asset for managerial and financial analysis purposes. A short overview of Australian accounting system including both institutional and regulatory aspects has been made by the author as well as the normative nature of related regulations is examined. The research provides insights what conditions required for the asset to be in existence and analyses these insights in the light of both scholars' opinions and accounting regulations as well. Furthermore, the research looks at the conceptual framework drafts to see how the conditions mentioned above are developed in related papers and shows the process of evolution of definition of the asset under the standard-setting activity of Australian Accounting Standards Board and International Accounting Standards Board and how this activity makes effect on contemporary views in regard to definition of the asset. This article also involves discovering what problems in theory of accounting and practice can arise if existing definition will not be corrected and strongly criticizes the concept of identity between asset and economic benefits which is promoted by some accounting researches in their works. The author suggests in his article that asset and economic benefits are totally different economic phenomena and provides a clear idea what conceptual economic views are taken into consideration by Australian and international experts to elaborate a precise definition of the asset. This research also examines the main characteristics of the proposed definition promoted by international accounting experts and some possible impacts of implementation of this definition on accounting practice are considered. The role of International Accounting Standards Board and its influence on Australian standard-setting bodies' activity are also researched in the article.

The article considers main directions, stages and instruments of transformation of the higher education system of Germany in condition of totalitarian regime. Author analyses educational changes, connected with policy of nazification, and their consequences for institutional development of universities in the Third Reich. After establishment of Hitler`s dictatorship in 1933 totalitarian practices were put in internal life of universities, that led to the loss of academic autonomy and merge with the state. At the same time majority of academic community didn`t resist policy of nazification and cooperated with Nazi regime.In the article author considers row of political and organizational measures of power, which radically transformed German higher education system according to Nazi ideology. Firstly, new power started repressions within teachers and students to drop undesirable elements. In result of such policy during the 12 years of the totalitarian regime about 20% of teachers were fired, and the number of students decreased in more than twice. Access to the higher education began to determine not academic achievements or social origin, but cleanliness of race and political loyalty.Secondly, Nazi regime abolished academic self-governance and integrated the higher education system in a model of corporate state. The principle of election of the university leadership has been replaced with nomenclature nomination. Academic space was covered by a net of political institutions designed to control the educational and research activity: the ruling party committees have been established in universities, membership in the National Socialist Union of Students and the National Socialist Union of Teachers has become compulsory. Finally, the power radically ideologized curricula and research topics. Educational programs began to display the Nazi views on society, state, history and culture. ; У статті розглядаються основні напрямки, етапи та інструменти трансформації системи вищої освіти Німеччини в умовах тоталітарного режиму. Аналізується вплив нацистської політики та ідеології на освітню та дослідницьку діяльність, інституційний розвиток вишів.