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Status concern and feelings of relative deprivation affect individual behaviour and well-being. Traditional norms and the alarming inequality in China have made relative deprivation increasingly intense for the Chinese population. This article reviews empirical literature on China that attempts to test the relative deprivation hypothesis, and also reviews the origins and pathways of relative deprivation, compares its economic measures in the literature and summarises the scientific findings. Drawing from solid empirical evidence, the author discusses the important policy implications on redistribution, official regulations and grassroots sanctions, and relative poverty alleviation. (China/GIGA)

This paper analyzes the role of the leadership in the economic growth in Rwanda, a country that was seriously affected by civil war and the 1994 genocide. It appears that the will and the clear vision of the leadership in Rwanda were one of the central pillars of the very good economic and social performances in Rwanda. This is particularly important because the country has almost no natural resources and the economy and its fundamentals were completely destroyed by the 1994 genocide. This paper thus helps enrich the various economic growth models by stressing the importance of the quality of leadership.

THE ARTICLE ATTEMPTS AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND EXPLANATION OF THE INCREASINGLY CRITICAL PROBLEMS OF UNEMPLOYMENT, PARTICULARLY IN MODERN CAPITALIST SOCIETIES. THE 'DEFICIENTDEMAND' HYPOTHESIS IS EXPLORED AND THE COSTS OF BOTH LABOR (HIGHER WAGES TO MATCH INFLATION, ETC) & UNEMPLOYMENT (WITH INCREASED BENEFITS, ETC) ARE DISCUSSED. THE AUTHOR PROPOSES A POLICY PROGRAM FOR DECREASING UNEMPLOYMENT.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Overview: The Giants and the West: From Threat to Opportunity -- The Essence of Being a Giant -- The Rise and Fall of the Centralization Impulse -- The Changing Global Environment and Pressures for Reform -- Obstacles to Reform -- Economic Reform and Political Change -- The Impending Transformation of International Relations -- The Interests of the West -- The West Can Play a Role -- Summaries of Chapter Recommendations -- 1. Economic Reform in the Soviet Union -- Crisis in the Soviet Economy -- The Decline of Economic Performance -- The Reform Framework -- The Reform Schedule -- Critical Sectors: Agriculture, Informatics, and Military Industry -- U.S.-Soviet Economic Relations and U.S. Policy Options -- 2. Issues in Chinese Economic Reform -- Introduction -- Ingredients of Reform -- Evaluating the Domestic Reforms -- The Opening to the West -- Conclusions -- 3. Economic Reform in India: A Long and Winding Road -- Economic Development Under The Old Regime -- Economic Reform Under Rajiv Gandhi -- Economic Reform and Indo U.S. Relations -- Conclusion -- 4. The Political Economy of Reform in the Three Giants -- Strategies for Political Reform -- Economic Reform and the Politics of Regional and Ethnic Tensions -- The Politics of Efficiency and Economic Security -- The Politics of Price Reform and Inflation -- The Politics of Opening Economies to Foreign Trade and Investment -- Conclusion -- 5. Science and Technology and Reform in the Giants -- Introduction -- Reform Strategies in the Giants -- U.S. Science and Technology Relations with the Giants -- Implications for the United States -- 6. The Geopolitical Consequences of Reform -- The Relationship Between Economic Reforms and Geopolitics -- Possible Influences of Domestic Reforms on the Geopolitical Situation