Suchergebnisse

Management efficiency of state-owned enterprises (SOE) is being widely discussed not only in Lithuania, Central Eastern Europe, but also globally (mainly focusing on such countries as China, having state monopoly in most of the industries). Moreover, this topic is interesting to scholars both in the context of public governance reforms and a specific area of public administration. On the other hand, the topic of SOEs management is quite specific due to its duality: firstly, it is an area of public governance with an intensive intervention of the government, and secondly, SOEs are autonomous enterprises having dual – social (e.g., creation of work places, implementation of state-level projects, etc.) and economic (e.g., profitability, return on investment, etc.) – goals. Following the paradigms of (post) new public governance, principal agent theory, corporate governance guidelines established by such international organizations as the OECD, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and others, this paper is focusing on the management and performance of SOEs, trying to find an evidence of positive effects related to the implementation of corporate governance principles in Lithuanian SOEs. The paper seeks to identify those aspects of corporate governance which are the most relevant in terms of their potential effect on the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs.

Management efficiency of state-owned enterprises (SOE) is being widely discussed not only in Lithuania, Central Eastern Europe, but also globally (mainly focusing on such countries as China, having state monopoly in most of the industries). Moreover, this topic is interesting to scholars both in the context of public governance reforms and a specific area of public administration. On the other hand, the topic of SOEs management is quite specific due to its duality: firstly, it is an area of public governance with an intensive intervention of the government, and secondly, SOEs are autonomous enterprises having dual – social (e.g., creation of work places, implementation of state-level projects, etc.) and economic (e.g., profitability, return on investment, etc.) – goals. Following the paradigms of (post) new public governance, principal agent theory, corporate governance guidelines established by such international organizations as the OECD, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and others, this paper is focusing on the management and performance of SOEs, trying to find an evidence of positive effects related to the implementation of corporate governance principles in Lithuanian SOEs. The paper seeks to identify those aspects of corporate governance which are the most relevant in terms of their potential effect on the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs.

Management efficiency of state-owned enterprises (SOE) is being widely discussed not only in Lithuania, Central Eastern Europe, but also globally (mainly focusing on such countries as China, having state monopoly in most of the industries). Moreover, this topic is interesting to scholars both in the context of public governance reforms and a specific area of public administration. On the other hand, the topic of SOEs management is quite specific due to its duality: firstly, it is an area of public governance with an intensive intervention of the government, and secondly, SOEs are autonomous enterprises having dual – social (e.g., creation of work places, implementation of state-level projects, etc.) and economic (e.g., profitability, return on investment, etc.) – goals. Following the paradigms of (post) new public governance, principal agent theory, corporate governance guidelines established by such international organizations as the OECD, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and others, this paper is focusing on the management and performance of SOEs, trying to find an evidence of positive effects related to the implementation of corporate governance principles in Lithuanian SOEs. The paper seeks to identify those aspects of corporate governance which are the most relevant in terms of their potential effect on the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs.

Management efficiency of state-owned enterprises (SOE) is being widely discussed not only in Lithuania, Central Eastern Europe, but also globally (mainly focusing on such countries as China, having state monopoly in most of the industries). Moreover, this topic is interesting to scholars both in the context of public governance reforms and a specific area of public administration. On the other hand, the topic of SOEs management is quite specific due to its duality: firstly, it is an area of public governance with an intensive intervention of the government, and secondly, SOEs are autonomous enterprises having dual – social (e.g., creation of work places, implementation of state-level projects, etc.) and economic (e.g., profitability, return on investment, etc.) – goals. Following the paradigms of (post) new public governance, principal agent theory, corporate governance guidelines established by such international organizations as the OECD, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and others, this paper is focusing on the management and performance of SOEs, trying to find an evidence of positive effects related to the implementation of corporate governance principles in Lithuanian SOEs. The paper seeks to identify those aspects of corporate governance which are the most relevant in terms of their potential effect on the management efficiency of Lithuanian SOEs.

Electoral observation missions (EOM) are designed to promote improvements in democratic quality by overseeing elections, but how successful are they? We argue that EOM tie the hands of incumbents, who have to adjust their electoral misconduct strategies, thus opening up political competition and making it more likely that the opposition will do well. Moreover, we propose that monitoring effects are conditioned by regime type, expecting that EOM presence has a stronger impact on electoral competition in autocracies than in democracies. Using a dataset of 580 parliamentary and presidential elections in 108 countries between 1976 and 2009 we find support for our theoretical claims. EOM increase electoral competitiveness in dictatorships by reducing margins of victory for incumbents, but leave competition unaffected in democracies. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that, contrary to previous findings, EOM increase the probability of electoral turnover in dictatorships but have no effect on democracies.

AbstractWe study the effect of the implementation of new Securities and Exchange Commission order‐handling rules—the Limit Order Display Rule, the Quote Rule, and the Actual Size Rule—on NASDAQ's quoting and trading behavior. We find that the number of reported quotes increases and the bid‐ask spread decreases following the implementation of the new rules. The decreased quoted depth associated with placement of individual investors' limit orders—the Limit Order Display Rule—outweighs the increased quoted depth associated with displaying institutional quotes—the Quote Rule. Further, the number of trade executions increases while the average trade size decreases. The volatility of trade‐to‐trade and midpoint returns decreases for the initial group of stocks subject to the rules, but not for the two subsequent groups.

Citizens of ASEAN states appear to be increasingly involved, through Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), in pushing for greater openness and accountability of their political leaders and public institutions. In particular, ICTs afford citizens of ASEAN States and like-minded counterparts around the world in the human rights community to push for greater accountability of ASEAN's human rights institutions. With the adoption of the ASEAN Charter in 2007, ASEAN states embarked on a process of crafting a regional ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR), eighteen years after the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna, Austria. While the World Conference had reaffirmed the universality of human rights, ASEAN states have moved grudgingly and gradually, egged on by greater global concern for human rights and by the pressures of globalization, towards the protection of human rights. The Terms of Reference (TORs) of the AICHR, adopted in July 2009 and favouring promotion rather than protection of human rights did not provide for an institutionalised role for the media. Subsequent drafting by AICHR of a proposed ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD) has excluded mainstream news media and civil society organizations (CSOs) from the process. In the absence of reporting and substantive reporting by most mainstream media in the region civil society, most importantly the new ICT based media, has played a vital role in seeking to advance the protection of human rights. This includes scrutiny of the specific rights that will be included in the forthcoming AHRD to ensure that international human rights standards are upheld and that ASEAN states honour their existing commitments under international instruments. The new media-environment provides a platform for a multitude of actors to disseminate human rights related information, to document human rights abuses and thereby enhance the protection of human rights in the region.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationships between Web 2.0 adoption, innovation, organizational learning and organizational performance in the hotel industry.Design/methodology/approach– A sample of four and five-star hotels provides the data. The fieldwork took place between February and June 2013. The questionnaire was sent to top managers of Chinese hospitality firms that provide their e-mail addresses on the main Chinese tourism web pages. The final sample comprises 278 hotels. This percentage of responses yields a sample error of 6.9 per cent for a 95 per cent confidence level. The authors followed a two-step approach for structural equation modelling, using EQS 5.7 software to conduct the tests.Findings– Results suggest that competitive advantage in the hotel industry requires firm strategies focusing on Web 2.0, innovation capacity and organizational learning. This finding contributes to the strategic management field by offering an explanation of the differences in firm performance within a particular industry. Therefore, the findings mark an important contribution to the literature, introducing a new variable that mediates the relationship between Web 2.0 and firm performance.Originality/value– The results hold that Web 2.0 adoption is crucial for enhancing innovativeness, which is a fundamental source of sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, organizational learning also has a positive effect on innovativeness. Innovation, which is the essence of competitive advantage, is a key concept for firms nowadays.

Preliminary Material -- The Law of Naval Warfare and International Criminal Law: Germany's Federal Prosecutor on The Gaza Flotilla Incident /Claus Kreß -- Israeli Occupation of the West Bank and the Role of the Courts: The Case of Palestinian Workers in Israel /Kenneth Mann -- Teasingly Inconclusive? Teasing out from the Travaux Préparatoires the Drafters' Intentions on the So-Called 'Homeland Battlefield Unprivileged Belligerents' under the 1949 Geneva Conventions /Yutaka Arai-Takahashi -- Detention Operations in Non-International Armed Conflicts between International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights Law and National Standards: A NATO Perspective /Steven Hill and Leonard Holzer -- Airstrikes, UAVs and Fully Autonomous Weapon Systems, and the Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Law /Tassilo Singer -- Politicization of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law: Israel's Dilemma /Alan Baker -- The State of a Human Right to a Healthy Environment /Harry H. G. Post -- Self-Definition and the Rights of Others – The Case of Egypt /Haggai Erlich -- Is International Law Relevant to the Arab-Israeli Conflict? /Robbie Sabel -- The American Involvement in the Drafting of Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) /Arnon Gutfeld and Boaz Vanetik -- Invalidations of Laws in Israel in a Comparative Perspective /Guy Lurie and Yuval Shany -- The Impact of the Holocaust on the Development of International Law /Yoram Dinstein -- Judgments of the Supreme Court of Israel Relating to Human Rights /Jeff Lahav.

Fiscal policy influences economic conditions through public spending and taxes, generating positive or negative impulses, both on short and long term. The present research focuses on analysing the effects of the discretionary changes in the fiscal policy in seven post-communist countries of the European Union during the period 2000–2018. The autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) has been applied in order to obtain the convergence rates to equilibrium with a clear analysis of the periods needed to achieve the long-run fiscal sustainability. Also, the error correction vector model (VECM), which is based on the autoregressive vector (VAR) model, has been used in the second part of the analysis focusing on the Cholesky factorization of innovations. Impulse-response functions aiming to estimate the response of government expenditures to the shock produced by three macroeconomic variables have been identified.

Preliminary Material -- Non-State Actors in the Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court /Silvia Fernandez de Gurmendi -- Zealots, Victims and Captives: Maintaining Adequate Protection of Human Shields in Contemporary International Humanitarian Law /Robin Geiß and James G. Devaney -- Animals and the Law of Armed Conflict /Marco Roscini -- Legal Implications Surrounding Operation "Inherent Resolve" in Iraq and Syria /Chris De Cock -- A European Model Law for the Promotion of Tolerance and the Suppression of Intolerance /Yoram Dinstein -- New Challenges to the Old Idea of Universality of (All) Human Rights /Rein Müllerson -- Homeschooling in the United States and Its Lessons for Israel /Arnon Gutfeld and Yoram Rabin -- Vicissitudes of History and Human Rights - Ethiopia and Eritrea /Haggai Erlich -- Refoulement by Proxy? The Mediterranean Migrant Crisis and the Training of Libyan Coast Guards by EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia /Pierre d'Argent and Melinda Kuritzky -- The Extent of Self-Defence against Terrorist Groups: For How Long and How Far? /Laurie R. Blank -- 100 Years Later: The Continuing Relevance of the Balfour Declaration /Nicholas Rostow -- Never Again? /Joseph Agassi -- Judgments of the Supreme Court of Israel Relating to Human Rights /Jeff Lahav.

Previous studies have linked human capital with performance. The studies have shown performance, measured as output, of a firm can be increased by adding more personnel and/or increasing education levels. This research uses the Cobb-Douglas Production function to build upon that relationship of inputs to outputs. The output in this study is the average cost overrun of Aeronautical Systems Center research, development, test, and evaluation contracts managed from 1994 to 2008. The inputs are the numbers of military/government employee financial managers, program managers, engineers, rated personnel, and military/government employees in those career fields possessing a graduate degree or higher. A time series regression was conducted using those inputs to outputs while controlling for other factors such as budgetary fluctuations, inflation, and individuals doing defense related work in the private sector as a proxy for contractors working in program offices. The results indicate a negatively correlated relationship exists between human capital and cost overruns.