Suchergebnisse

This book sets out a measure of authority for seventy-six international organizations (IOs) from 1950, or the time of their establishment, to 2010 which can allow researchers to test expectations about the character, sources, and consequences of international governance. The international organizations considered are regional (e.g. the EU, Andean Community, NAFTA), cross-regional (e.g. Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation), and global (e.g. the UN, World Bank, WTO). Firstly, the book introduces carefully constructed estimates for the scope and depth of authority exercised by international governments. The estimates are unique in their comparative scope, their specificity, and time span. Secondly, it describes describe broad trends in IO authority by comparing delegation and pooling, over time, across IOs, and across decision areas. Thirdly, it presents the evidence gathered by the authors to estimate international authority by carefully discussing forty-seven international organizations, and showing how their bodies are composed, what decisions each body makes, and how they make decisions

This paper looks at the tools available on an international and European level in relation to the legal regulation of hate speech. More particularly, it considers the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination along with related case-law of the respective monitoring committees. It looks at the European Convention on Human Rights and how the European Court of Human Rights interprets the limits of free speech when confronted with cases of hate speech. It also looks at the Framework Decision on Racism and Xenophobia of the European Union and the Additional Protocol to the Cybercrime Convention of the Council of Europe. Through the analysis it demonstrates that there is no common approach amongst international and European institutions on what hate speech is and the threshold which needs to be met for legal regulation to be permissible. It also demonstrates that the tools available focus only on some types of hate speech.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has played a critical role in the global economy since the postwar era. But, claims Claudia Kedar, behind the strictly economic aspects of the IMF's intervention, there are influential interactions between IMF technocrats and local economists—even when countries are not borrowing money. In The International Monetary Fund and Latin America, Kedar seeks to expose the motivations and constraints of the operations of both the IMF and borrowers. With access to never-before-seen archive materials, Kedar reveals both the routine and behind-the-scenes practices that have depicted International Monetary Fund–Latin American relations in general and the asymmetrical IMF-Argentina relations in particular. Kedar also analyzes the "routine of dependency" that characterizes IMF-borrower relations with several Latin American countries such as Chile, Peru, and Brazil. The International Monetary Fund and Latin America shows how debtor countries have adopted IMF's policies during past decades and why Latin American leaders today largely refrain from knocking at the IMF's doors again.

This chapter addresses China's Tibet policy and the claims made about it in relation to international legal standards and practices. At this critical time in a Sino-Tibetan dialogue that has gone on since 2002, a book on activating human rights and peace offers an excellent venue for China and the international community to evaluate various claims and policies and consider a path forward. China's claims about Tibet have provided a weak foundation for its policies. Emerging international standards concerning the human rights and political autonomy of indigenous ethnic populations may offer a more constructive path forward. Such standards may afford an agreeable alternative to the path of seeking independence that China fears. After the recent decision by the International Court of Justice in the Kosovo case upholding a right to declare independence Chinese anxieties about Tibetan intentions will only increase. Now may be the time for a policy change to pursue an autonomy model more likely to satisfy the Tibetan urge for self-rule in the Chinese context. ; published_or_final_version

AUTHOR FIRST IDENTIFIES SEVERAL GENERAL TENDENCIES IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION WHICH EMERGED IN THE 1970S (INTERRELATEDNESS OF ISSUES; LACK OF CONSENSUS, ETC.). A FRAMEWORK FOR EXAMINING CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURES OF WORLD ORDER AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IS DISCUSSED, INCLUDING POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL ORDER. A CONSIDERATION OF FUTURE WORLD ORDER IS INCLUDED.

Prologue: An overview of the contribution of international tribunals to the rule of law / Antônio Augusto Cancado Trindade -- The contribution of international and supranational courts to the rule of law : a framework for analysis / Geert De Baere, Anna-Luise Chané and Jan Wouters -- The International Court of Justice / Philippe Couvreur -- Constructing the International Criminal Court's rule of law identity / Kenneth Chan and Jan Wouters -- The appellate body of the World Trade Organization / Peter Van den Bossche -- The contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to the rule of law / Philippe Gautier -- The contribution of the European Court of Human Rights to the rule of law / Paul Lemmens -- The Court of Justice as the guarantor of the rule of law within the European Union / Koen Lenaerts -- International criminal justice and the rule of law : the experience of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) / Serge Brammertz -- The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and its contribution to international law / Hans Van Houtte and Barbara Concolino -- The Special Tribunal for Lebanon and the rule of law / Daniel Fransen -- Epilogue: Curb, channel and coordinate : the constitutionalism of international courts and tribunals / Andreas Follesdal.