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This study consists of a secondary analysis of the qualitative data of interviews carried out with mentoring teachers (MT) in order to present their conceptions on the quality of appropriation of the professional competence of communication. In particularly on the components of the communication competence of students interns during the preparation course for professional life at the end of the initial training.
To carry out this study, we developed a specific interview for this study. The content of the interview guide was the six components of communication skills drawn from the professional skills reference guide for teachers in Quebec.
Interview data was collected based on audio recordings provided using a Dictaphone. The content of each interview has been completely rewritten as verbatim. Interview processing consists first of transcribing the verbatim interviews and then analyzing them using the general inductive analysis procedure.
The data collected from the interview intended for mentoring teachers (MT) revealed that they have the same vision with regard to the importance of the professional communication skills of future physical education teachers and emphasize their weakness during educational interventions.

AbstractSystems thinking principles are increasingly recognized as an important part of public health research and practice. However, the extent to which systems thinking is being integrated into public health practice, and its impact on health outcomes, is largely unknown. This is in part due to the paucity of options for measuring systems thinking at the organizational level and in the context of public health practice. Building on existing frameworks of public health competencies, infrastructure, and systems thinking principles, this article proposes a conceptual model and corresponding indicators for measuring organizational systems thinking and application within state public health departments. We describe our process for developing this model and indicators, drawing from both research and practice‐based evidence on systems thinking, and offer a set of indicators for measuring organizational‐level systems thinking in the context of public health practice.

The concept of nature as capital is gaining visibility in policies and practices in both the public and private sectors. This change is due to an improved ability to assess and value ecosystem services, as well as to a growing recognition of the potential of an ecosystem services approach to make tradeoffs in decision making more transparent, inform efficient use of resources, enhance resilience and sustainability, and avoid unintended negative consequences of policy actions. Globally, governments, financial institutions, and corporations have begun to incorporate natural capital accounting in their policies and practices. In the United States, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and federal agencies are actively collaborating to develop and apply ecosystem services concepts to further national environmental and economic objectives. Numerous federal agencies have begun incorporating these concepts into land use planning, water resources management, and preparations for, and responses to, climate change. Going forward, well-defined policy direction will be necessary to institutionalize ecosystem services approaches in federal agencies, as well as to guide intersector and interdisciplinary collaborative research and development efforts. In addition, a new generation of decision support tools are needed to further the practical application of ecosystem services principles in policymaking and commercial activities. Improved performance metrics are needed, as are mechanisms to monitor the status of ecosystem services and assess the environmental and economic impacts of policies and programs. A greater national and international financial commitment to advancing ecosystem services and natural capital accounting would likely have broad, long-term economic and environmental benefits.

Introduction -- The road to war: the Edwardian economy, military preparedness, and war planning -- The pre-war procurement system: the War Office, the Admiralty, and the private armaments producers -- "Business as usual" and the challenges of war -- The rise of the engineer's war and the origins of the Ministry of Munitions -- The Ministry of Munitions and industrial warfare -- Producing for the industrial battlefield: the Ministry of Munitions and the Somme -- Oh what a costly war: managing and paying for industrial warfare -- Coping with crisis: the war economy in 1917 -- The intractable problem of manpower: the Western Front and the home front in transition -- The transition to a peace economy and the challenge of reconstruction, 1918-1920 -- Conclusion

The objective of this study is to provide theoretical and empirical guidance for sound lobbying regulation by assessing the relationship between democratically desired and undue influence. The distinction between lobbying and corruption as two ways of influence-seeking is right at the center of differentiating desired influence from undue influence. This study is the first to comprehensively examine the relationship between lobbying and corruption in two affluent democracies. I argue that a cooperative style of policymaking, such as in Germany, inhibits corruption because of mutual control mechanisms. In contrast, I expect a majoritarian style of policymaking to facilitate corruption because it concentrates power in the hands of the executive leadership and increases competition among organized interests and legislators. The empirical results support this expectation. Turning to the hypotheses concerning the individual level, lobbying and corruption can be conceptualized as either mutually inclusive or exclusive activities. Concerning the former, shared prerequisites of lobbying and corruption can lead to a positive statistical relationship. Concerning the latter, corruption is attempted if lobbying is not successful. The results for the individual level are inconclusive. Access to the executive branch is the strongest predictor of corruption and the strongest predictor of influence through lobbying. Hence, better access increases the two types of influence. However, influence at the executive branch is negatively associated with corruption. This indicates that access is a prerequisite for both lobbying and corruption and that the choice between the two ways of seeking influence is made later, after access was granted. In contrast, better personal access to the legislature is rather negatively associated with corruption. The weaker relationship between contact with legislators and corruption indicates that public scrutiny and mutual controls are effective tools against corruption. Hence, there is no unambiguous empirical support for either the mutual-inclusiveness or the mutual-exclusiveness logic. ; Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Anhaltspunkte für eine sinnvolle Regulierung des Lobbyismus zu liefern. Diese Anhaltspunkte stammen aus einer theoretischen und empirische Unterscheidung zwischen demokratisch erwünschtem und demokratisch unerwünschtem politischen Einfluss durch Interessengruppen. Damit ist vorliegende Studie die erste, die das Verhältnis von Lobbying und Korruption in zwei wohlhabenden, stabilen, westlichen Demokratien umfassend untersucht. Lobbying und Korruption können als komplementären oder sich gegenseitig ablösende Phänomene konzeptualisiert werden. Die empirischen Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Zugang die Voraussetzung für Einfluss durch Lobbying und Korruption ist. Im Gegensatz dazu ist ein besserer persönlicher Zugang zur Legislative eher negativ mit Korruption assoziiert. Diese Ergebnisse haben mehrere Implikationen für die Regulierung von politischer Einflussnahme. Generell sollte die Regulierung des Lobbyismus einerseits legitime Einflussnahme fördern, um die Repräsentationsleistung zu verbessern. Andererseits sollte es demokratisch unerwünschte Einflussnahme verhindern. Genauer gesagt, sollte das Ziel der Lobbying-Regulierung die Einführung von Accountability durch Transparenz sein. Zusätzlich zu den gesetzlichen Regelungen sollten Interessengruppen spezifischere interne Compliance Richtlinien einführen, die ethisches und verantwortungsvolles Lobbying fördern. Schließich kann der Einfluss von Lobbyisten indirekt eingedämmt werden, indem man den wissenschaftlichen Dienst für Mitglieder des Bundestags und die MitarbeiterInnen in den Ministerien stärkt.

Using the case study of statements of denial issued by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) over an extended 35-year period, this article critically examines how non-state armed groups (NSAGs) use statements of denial when engaging with various audiences across time and space. It posits that these statements are an integral part of how NSAGs communicate with different audiences during their armed campaigns, and subsequently during the process of transitioning out of political violence. At the same time that these statements feed into the macro-level "propaganda war" between the NSAG and the state, this article maintains that they also reflect the complex intimate relationship between NSAGs and the communities from which they emerge. Arguing that statements of denial help NSAGs to favourably frame how the conduct of its campaign, the character of its members and its internal cohesion are understood by proximate and distant audiences, the article tracks the qualitative changes to IRA statements that would eventually become a key component in the performance of the peace process by the late 1990s.

Countries that have suffered ethnic or religious conflict and become segregated societies reflect these divisions in education provision for their children. Northern Ireland is a case study in point where a parallel system of schools offers education in Catholic maintained schools and Protestant (de facto) controlled schools. While school segregation is the most obvious manifestation of Northern Ireland's fractured society, there are more important issues of 'educational inequality' with respect to schools and pupils. This book analyses three issues in some detail: segregation, educational performance and inequality in educational outcomes between schools and between pupils from deprived and affluent family backgrounds. Thus far public policies to tackle these issues have been met with limited success. The authors consider an alternative approach, which they term 'shared education', the aim of which is to improve school performance and, in so doing, to dismantle some of the barriers between maintained and controlled schools.

The study undertaken to analyse the growth rate performance of area, production, productivity of selected crops in Karnataka from year 1997 to 2019. At state level, it was found that, the productivity of cereals showed positive growth with 1.22 percent. The area under maize increased by 5.30 percent by displacing Jowar, Bajra, minor millets. The rice and maize became stable crops in cultivation due its assured support prices and procurement from government. The production of pulses increased by 4.17 percent. The area under oil seeds showed negative trend with -5.87 percent which may be due to its high cost of production and unremunerative prices where as the commercial crops has recorded positive growth rates of production (2.69 percent) and productivity (2.43 percent) despite of its 0.24 percent area growth. The farmers prioritised sugarcane, cotton because of less labour requirements, good market prices. The Technology mission on oilseeds and Pulses in post 1990's could be reason for increased production and productivity of pulses.

This article is a comparative study of the socio-state capabilities developed in the processes of institutionalising protected natural areas (PNAs) in Latin America within the framework of their interdependence with global governance processes and with reference to the role of human rights. From an approach that combines the analysis of multilevel collective action with process monitoring, this work traces national and multilateral institutional trajectories; analyses the main dynamics in the delimitation of protected natural areas in the countries in the region with critical biodiversity; and explores the possibilities for new agreements on the global agenda.

A key part of the final document of the 2010 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference is the agreement to convene a conference in 2012 on the establishment of a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in the Middle East. Preparatory work for the conference, which represents an important phase in efforts to implement the Resolution on the Middle East from the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference, has been under way since the appointment last fall of Finnish Undersecretary of State Jaakko Laajava as the conference facilitator and the selection of Finland to be the venue for the event. Adapted from the source document.