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John Greaves, a British subject, was an important actor of modernization in the Russian Empire. He arrived at the port of Berdyansk as a representative of the British company Clayton & Shuttleworth, and he established a plant of agricultural machinery there, which became the largest plant of this kind in Europe. In 1877 Greaves offered himself for the position of German vice- consul in Berdyansk. In 1907 he became a vice-consul of the British Empire, and kept this post until 1918. Greaves and his family became an example of a new vector of actors' mobility and new practices of socialization, formed under the influence of modernization. These stimulated the emergence of new forms of loyalty, as well as the combination of economics and politics. Special attention is paid to the Greaves' family and business ties with the Germans, as well as on his personal experience of contacts with the German authorities, which is particularly interesting in the context of the competitive struggle between the British, Russian and German empires.

Selfie in digital media platforms – targeted marketing communication
Abstract
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of selfie, its popularity, relationships with selfperception and ego-ontogenesis but in particular it is an opportunity to focus on the target group within marketing communication. The goal was to find out if there are correlations between personal factors (namely factors H: Social Boldness, N: Privateness, IM: Impression Management) and some content elements and the structure of selfies published on social networks amongst the youth. We used analysis of the content of selfies and 16 PF questionnaire (Cattell et al. 1997a, b). Statistical analysis of the data showed, that some structural elements of selfie (e.g. head position and tilt, composition of the shot) differentiate between varying degrees of the tested factors of the personality of respondents, other structural elements of selfie (e.g. type of eye contact, position of chin, etc.) do not. At the same time the implications will be proposed for use of the statements for planning and accurate targeting of marketing communication.

The grand narratives of modernization often describe the period between 1750 and 1850 as marking a transition from embedded economic relationships (relying on kinship or community ties) to impersonal market transactions supported by legal arrangements. This article questions these narratives by studying three corpora of tools employed by early modern and modern merchants on a daily basis: initial-contact letters, circulars, and notarized proxy forms. Systematic quantitative and qualitative analysis of these documents reveals few traces of a revolution or even a consistent linear evolution. To the contrary, it challenges the opposition between embedded and completely disembedded relationships. Indeed, there is strong evidence that personal and impersonal supports for economic transactions complemented rather than substituted one another. In addition, other types of embeddedness also played an important role: on the one hand, repeated interactions and relational chains involving intermediaries; on the other, a homophilic sociability among merchants that was partly based on the shared language of commerce.

In recent years, culture has become significantly politicized, or conspicuously de-politicized, in different parts of the UK, making its appearance in education policy of pivotal interest and ripe for critical attention. From the vantage point of Theodor Adorno's work on the culture industry and his writings on the work of the teacher, I argue that cultural education is a site where something crucial and distinctive takes place. Within the Enlightenment tradition, critical self-reflection and resistance to heteronymous ways of thinking are core aims of education. Adorno's contribution to an understanding of these aims leads us to consider the importance of 'live contact with the warmth of things' as essential to ethical and intellectual life. The kindly tolerance of the pluralist ideal is now being teased and goaded by acts of terror and widespread concern about personal and social security. At such an unstable juncture, an understanding of cultural education as an experience of 'incorrigible plurality' enriches and informs the beleaguered ideal of pluralism and points a way forward in troubled times.

The ECJ's use of a breach/justification methodology to adjudicate tensions between free movement and fundamental rights has led to criticism that it prioritizes the former over the latter. While this article agrees that the structural presentation of fundamental rights as a "defence" to a prima facie restriction of free movement under the current adjudicative framework is problematic, it rejects the argument that this is evidence of some contestable subjective attitude on the part of the ECJ. Rather, it develops the position that the breach/justification model is the product of free movement's historical and ongoing significance within EU law. Crucially, it explains the specific constitutional drivers – such as the expansion in free movement's material and personal scope, the extension of its direct effect, and the strengthening of a decentralized enforcement system – that brought free movement into more frequent and more abrasive contact with fundamental rights. It is these developments that rendered the previously unproblematic breach/justification methodology a cause for concern.

Negative attitudes are a major barrier to the equality of people with disabilities. Governments and other organisations have implemented numerous programs to change attitudes towards people with disabilities. We analyse published evidence about the effectiveness of such programs using a framework of the interrelationship between three levels of policy intervention to change attitudes: personal level – directed at changing the attitudes of individuals; organisational level – concerning attitudinal barriers in domains such as employment, education and health; and government level – legally mandating behaviour change. The analysis finds that the following policy types can be effective if used together: policies that involve direct contact with people with disability; information and awareness campaigns; education and training about disability; and antidiscrimination enforcement. Policy characteristics that contribute to effectiveness include: a positive program experience for participants; multi-faceted and prolonged interventions; and adequate program resources. Policy effectiveness to change attitudes relies on corresponding reinforcement at all three policy levels.

Improved social relationships and connectedness is a frequently cited benefit of retirement community living. However, few studies have prospectively investigated changes in loneliness or social networks following relocation. This study involved 83 Australians (aged 57–90 years) relocating to independent living units within a retirement community. A prospective longitudinal design was employed whereby data was collected prior to relocation, and 1, 6 and 12 months post relocation. Comparisons were made with a sample of community-dwelling (N = 549) residents of the same age. Individual characteristics (e.g., personality characteristics) associated with change were also explored. Results indicated reduced loneliness and increased neighbour support networks following relocation. A reduction in contact with friends was also observed. This study provides an important contribution to our understanding of the initial impact of transitioning into a retirement community on personal relationships. Through exploring factors associated with successful transition, we can begin to understand the characteristics of those individuals most likely to thrive in this type of environment.

The aim of this project was to start a relationship and initiate dialogue between Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and those responsible for management in Kiribati. As one of the foremost oceanographic research institutes in the world, SIO is widely renowned for its sound science and innovative approaches to research across the globe. With that credibility and global perspective comes a unique opportunity for that science to become relevant, and to be directly applied to management and conservation decisions that are made for marine ecosystems around the world. For this Capstone, the author dedicated a year to initiating contact with key management and conservation partners in Kiribati and testing the viability of a partnership whereby SIO plays a scientific advisory role to support their management initiatives. The product of this Capstone was three-fold: creating those personal relationships and building trust with key organizations in Kiribati and with their partners, developing a userguide for SIO's continued engagement with Kiribati, and conceptualizing the future of these types of scientific-application partnerships for SIO.

The article examines the personal comprehension and scholarly research of Russian as a foreign language. Facts of the renowned scholar's biography are projected onto the vast field of modern Russian studies. The article studies the heuristic methods of analysis and systematization of language material connected with accentology, morphology, functional syntax, cultural linguistics, corpus linguistics, and current linguistic processes. The author describes his own scholarly pursuit and findings, including them into the context of the present, and connecting them with the issues of education, ethics, politics, culture and international contacts. ; В статье обсуждается проблема личностного постижения и научного исследования русского языка как иностранного. Яркие факты научной биографии известного финского ученого проецируются на обширное поле современной русистики. Обсуждаются связанные с акцентологией, морфологией, функциональным синтаксисом, лингвокультурологией, корпусной лингвистикой, активными языковыми процессами эвристические методы анализа и систематизации языкового материала. Рассуждения автора о собственных научных поисках и обретениях включены в контекст реального времени и переплетаются с проблемами образования, этики, политики, культуры и международных контактов.

This article aims to look at the role of young political representatives on the European political scene, frequently referring back to the author's personal experience. It also deals with the main priorities of European youth: intergenerational solidarity and the fight against unemployment. It endeavours to examine the differences in the approaches employed by the political actors of the current generation, on the one hand, and those of older generations, on the other. To do this, it looks at examples related to the ideological links and approaches shared by young political actors from various European countries as a result of the more intensified and frequent contact between them. From this analysis we can establish why the European social model needs to be redefined and why an adjustment is imperative in the face of the new demographic reality. It is a reality that many European countries have failed to anticipate. Their ignorance and recourse to credit have called into question their own sustain-ability and the future of the next generation.

AbstractIn September 1946, an American navy sailor killed a Chinese ricksha puller named Zang Dayaozi in a pointless dispute over an allegedly unpaid fare. The American military shielded the assailant from justice, with the frustrated acquiescence of the Nationalist authorities. This seemingly minor event illustrates that the century-old patterns of personal abuse and legal privilege did not completely evaporate when the "unequal treaty" system ended in 1943. In the context of the Chinese Civil War, the event takes on political significance as well. Critics of the Guomindang government used the episode to illustrate the destructive impact of American interventionism and the callous disregard of the Nanjing government for its own people. Communist propagandists linked Zang's death with the more famous rape of a Chinese college student involving two American Marines in Beiping. The episode further illustrates that American service personnel stationed abroad play multiple roles, interacting with the locals in particular "contact zones" but also serving as the personification of American foreign policy.

We report the results of a survey of over 300 lobbyists in three states-Colorado, Ohio, and West Virginia. In the first half of this article, we provide a comprehensive portrait of state lobbyists' attempts to affect state government decisions. In the second half, we address the following research question: What factors affect the lobbying behavior of state lobbyists? Our results suggest a number of conclusions about lobbying in the new millennium, including the following: (1) state lobbyists target the governor's office more than most previous studies suggest; (2) state lobbyists aim their grassroots lobbying efforts at the governor and executive agency bureaucrats as well as legislators; (3) state lobbying remains an intensely personal game, as techniques involving face-to-face contact with government officials remain the most effective; and (4) several variables affect a lobbyist's decisions regarding which techniques to use and where to aim his or her efforts, including the receptivity of potential targets and the type of group for which the lobbyist works. Adapted from the source document.