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American Indians probably exhibit some pivotal & core features of psychol'al structure in common, & these core features function diff'ly in variant tribal & areal cultures. The combination of these features in the basic personality structure of each society appears to exhibit considerable stability through time, & apparently selectively limits effective choices of new cultural alternatives as long as it continues to function. By reversing the relationship between culture change & psychol'al structure, we can see that several distinct types of personality emerge, representing various combinations of experience, needs, & results of experience. These types are cast somewhat diff'ly in the framework of M & F roles in culture change. AAAPSS.

Metadata only record ; This article examines social capital controversies in the development field. Social capital's approach to social interaction has not analyzed social differences, such as gender and ethnicity. Some questions are being asked about power difference in development contexts. Relations of gender and ethnicity are primary aspects of social division and difference in participation, political legitimacy and development priorities at all scales of development intervention. More work is needed in specific contexts to examine how gendered actors contribute to, and may be excluded from, different aspects of social capital and subsequent development outcomes for different social groups. Some authors even say that certain types of norms and networks in microfinance projects tend not to contribute to women's empowerment. Recent research shows that local associations are often restricted in their scope due to lack of resources and support and their limited impact on structural factors. Feminist scholars have argued that the mere presence of women in development on its own is not a guarantee of pro-women policies. The debate continues, but it is yet to be seen the importance of diverse actors' multifarious interests within these networks and the varying degrees of overlap with hegemonic policy and political frameworks.

This paper uses ethnographic data from an Australian university to explore constructs of "otherness" focusing on women in lower-level university work. The work of these women, who hold both academic and non-academic staff positions, takes place in the spatial and symbolic locale we call the "ivory basement". Poststructural feminism provides the basis for an examination of the contradictions and subtleties of their identity work as they respond to the pressures of restructuring and managerialism. Faced with a request from these women for certain aspects of their relational work to remain unseen, unrecognised and unspoken, this study assents to that request and focuses instead on options for how poststructural feminism might elaborate their identity work stories. The paper is concerned with the tensions between women's own struggle with being positioned as "other" and poststructural feminist theorizing of the same.

Destruction and human remains investigates a crucial question frequently neglected in academic debate in the fields of mass violence and genocide studies: what is done to the bodies of the victims after they are killed? In the context of mass violence, death does not constitute the end of the executors' work. Their victims' remains are often treated and manipulated in very specific ways, amounting in some cases to true social engineering, often with remarkable ingenuity. To address these seldom-documented phenomena, this volume includes chapters based on extensive primary and archival research to explore why, how and by whom these acts have been committed through recent history. Interdisciplinary in scope, Destruction and human remains will appeal to readers interested in the history and implications of genocide and mass violence, including researchers in anthropology, sociology, history, politics and modern warfare

Destruction and human remains investigates a crucial question frequently neglected in academic debate in the fields of mass violence and genocide studies: what is done to the bodies of the victims after they are killed? In the context of mass violence, death does not constitute the end of the executors' work. Their victims' remains are often treated and manipulated in very specific ways, amounting in some cases to true social engineering, often with remarkable ingenuity. To address these seldom-documented phenomena, this volume includes chapters based on extensive primary and archival research to explore why, how and by whom these acts have been committed through recent history. Interdisciplinary in scope, Destruction and human remains will appeal to readers interested in the history and implications of genocide and mass violence, including researchers in anthropology, sociology, history, politics and modern warfare

On the background of recent syntheses on the concept of authenticity in Romanian literature and in the light of gender studies in relation to the postcanonical perspective, this paper aims to question a possible alternative of authenticity in two interwar novels written by women: Anișoara Odeanu's 1934 Într-un cămin de domnișoare [In a Young Ladies' Home] and Lucia Demetrius' 1936 Tinerețe [Youth]. While interwar literature outlines a masculine, misogynist and machismo authenticity, based on vitalism and obsession with the experience of the male subject, the alternative of prose written by women proposes an authenticity that is neither doctrinaire nor merely a form. While not configured as an alternative to the ism of male writing's authenticity, the two novels propose a demonopolisation of authenticity and underline the signs of a counter discourse of women writings within and against a misogynistic society and culture.

The article analyzes the rhetoric of third-year female students of Chechen State University related to the online recruitment of women into extremist organizations. The author analyzes the attitudes of the young women, the levels of their fear/anxiety about online recruitment, and documents the main discourses and rhetoric regarding female departures to Syria and Iraq. Focus groups showed that the rhetoric of unreasonableness is the dominant way that female departures to the Middle East are perceived. "Weak" and "easily manipulatable", women who are "crushed by housework and domestic violence" are contrasted to "experienced and smart" manipulators-recruiters who pull them into terrorist networks. Given that the problem of radicalization in Chechnya remains acute, the author advocates for greater contributions from gender psychologists and discourse analysis professionals to research the phenomenon of female online recruitment in the North Caucasus context.

Given the rapid rise of prescription (Rx) opioid overdoses in the United States, it is crucial to understand how people acquire Rx drugs. Prior research suggests individuals obtain Rx drugs through both legal and illegal channels, but there has been limited qualitative research focused upon the intersections between Rx drug markets and other drug markets. To understand the similarities and differences, we interviewed 40 incarcerated women about their experiences with both markets. Based upon these conversations, we find that few women received pills exclusively through doctors and 90% of them had used illicit markets or informal social networks to acquire Rx drugs. Although there is extensive overlap between the users, dealers, and operations between Rx and illicit drug markets, these women draw attention to how certain agents, processes, and social reactions differ in meaningful ways that are crucial to an effective public health response.

AbstractThe study aims to examine the negative effects of sexual violence on North Korean (NK) female refugees in South Korea. Although the prevalence of sexual violence victimization is extremely high and mental health problems are serious among these refugees, little to no research has been done on the relationship between sexual violence and mental health among these women. The mental health conditions of two groups of women (sexual violence victims and those who have not experienced sexual violence) were compared using ANCOVA analyses. The results show that suicidal ideation and alcohol use are significantly more prevalent in the sexual violence group than in the non‐sexual violence group. The women who had experienced sexual violence in particular should be provided with more professional and sustained treatment and management services. The government must improve the effectiveness of existing policies related to suicide and the drinking culture in South Korea.

Abstract

Penman (2023. Accounting for Uncertainty. Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium) develops a conceptual framework which reconciles accounting and finance in view to provide information for financial investment. His framework is based upon resolution of uncertainty over expectations as a convenient basis for accrual accounting. In this context, accrual accounting can be interpreted as a convenient instrument to protect the corporate capacity to generate future earnings on which the expected financial value is based upon. However, in order to fulfil this control function, accounting applies an additive process (simple return), while financial valuation imposes a multiplicative process (compound return) over the invested financial capital. This divergence between accounting and finance enables disentangling business profit – as determined by accounting – from money interest and ownership rent, paving the way to a theory of the business firm based upon its accounting structure, and enabling measures of financial performance consistent with this divergence.

The human head has had important political, ritual and symbolic meanings throughout Andean history. Scholars have spoken of captured and trophy heads, curated crania, symbolic flying heads, head imagery on pots and on stone, head-shaped vessels, and linguistic references to the head. In this synthesizing work, cultural anthropologist Denise Arnold and archaeologist Christine Hastorf examine the cult of heads in the Andes-past and present-to develop a theory of its place in indigenous cultural practice and its relationship to political systems. Using ethnographic and archaeological fieldwork, h

Discusses issues such as drug access, health as a human right, trade policy, tobacco control, poverty, national security, and gender; some focus on Africa as a whole, Zambia, and China; 11 articles. Contents: A human right to health? by Tony Evans; Drug access, patents and global health: "chaffed and waxed sufficient", by Mark Heywood; Putting gender into health and globalization debates: new perspectives and old challenges, by Lesley Doyal; Trade policy and the politics of access to drugs, by Caroline Thomas; The framework convention on tobacco control: the politics of global health governance, by Jeff Collin and others; The Global AIDS Fund: context and opportunity, by Nana K Poku; Debt, adjustment and the politics of effective response to HIV/AIDS in Africa, by Fantu Cheru; Poverty and HIV/AIDS in Africa, by Alan Whiteside; Politics in the hot zone: AIDS and national security in Africa, by Robert L. Ostergard, Jr.; HIV/AIDS and older women in Zambia: concern for self, worry over daughters, towers of strength, by Carolyn Baylies; The "nameless fever": the HIV/AIDS pandemic and China's women, by Neil Renwick.

What part does gender play in professionalism? How does gender translate into hierarchies in professions? This paper attempts to deal with these questions and to move towards an embedded approach that can account for paradoxes of gender and professions. It focuses on the notion of context and the hypothesis that gender is both stable and variable. Using empirical material from a multi‐method study of the German dental profession, three main issues are considered: the impact of different structuring modes and diverse actors on gender relations, the relation of gender difference and hierarchy, and differentiation between women as a group. Gender becomes manifest on the symbolic level as well as in structural arrangements. However, its impact on each of these levels varies. Most striking is the empirical proof that gender does not lead to the construction of hierarchies under all conditions. Female symbolism can also favour women. Professionalisation theories help to reconstruct these processes.

After decades of debate, a void still exists in the literature and socio-political dialog related to the unrestricted and unbiased inclusion of women in the military. The issue remains so highly charged that a fresh theoretical framework is necessary to accurately align the physical and social constraints in which military women serve. Offered here are findings of an exploratory study framed within a synthesis of evolutionary psychological and sociological theory. Distinction between the word "equivalent" as opposed to "equal" is critical in recognizing the physicality, skills, and talents both males and females bring to their Marine Corps experience. Qualitative data obtained from 67 female Marine Staff Non-commissioned Officers, Warrant Officers, and commissioned officers describe tactics to achieve levels of operational competency, respect, trust, and success in the Marine Corps. An achievable goal, the successful woman must manage her physicality, sexuality, and femininity adeptly to achieve the trust and confidence of her male as well as female colleagues.