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Ever since all the king's horses and all the king's men were unable to put Humpty Dumpty back together again, poets and scholars have often believed that biological, social, and political wholes are somehow greater than the sum of their parts. Most severely criticized among the king's men for their lack or misuse of the relevant surgical skills have been policy scientists using the logical tools of mathematics and the research procedures of the behavioral and social sciences. As world politics has increasingly influenced both individual and national destinies, the analytical and synthetical skills of quantitative international relations theorists, in particular, have come into dispute.

The article examines the premise that decision-making approaches can make a significant contribution to the advancement of international relations theory. The author begins with a discussion of structural-realist theory & the empirical limits of systemic explanations of 20th-century wars, followed by a review of the evidence that decision-making situations in times of war are highly complex. Other topics include the pervasiveness of uncertainty under threat, as exemplified by the events preceding WWI, WWII, & the Cold War; the evidence that leaders have made value tradeoffs in wartime, contrary to the view that security threats override all other policy concerns; & an analysis of cases in which decision making departed from the model of states as unitary actors. The author concludes with a discussion of historical implications, including the pivotal role of decision units & variability in decision-making structures. 190 References. J. R. Callahan

Cover; THE LIBERAL-WELFARIST LAW OF NATIONS; Title; Copyright; Dedication; CONTENTS; Introduction; PART I: The modern law of nations; Introduction; 1: The law of nations of the Moderns: a new discipline; 2: The liberal purpose of the modern law of nations: liberty, equality and security for states; 3: State self-interest and self-esteem; 4: The law of nations of the Moderns between free enterprise and protectionism; 5: The welfarist purpose of the modern law of nations: the happiness of the people and the advancement of states.

In this timely volume emanating from the National Bureau of Economic Research's program in international economics, leading economists address recent developments in three important areas. The first section of the book focuses on international comparisons of output and prices, and includes papers that present new measures of product market integration, new methodology to infer relative factor price changes from quantitative data, and an ongoing capital stock measurement project. The next section features articles on international trade, including such significant issues as deterring child labor exploitation in developing countries, exchange rate regimes, and mapping U. S. comparative advantage across various factors. The book concludes with research on multinational corporations and includes a discussion of the long-debated issue of whether growth of production abroad substitutes for or is complementary to production growth at home. The papers in the volume are dedicated to Robert E. Lipsey, who for more than a half century at the NBER, contributed significantly to the broad field of empirical international economics

"Separat-abdruck aus dem Jahrbuch des oeffentlichen Rechts, Bd. II, 1908." ; Caption title ; Mode of access: Internet.

This paper discusses the influence of teachers' teaching ideas and classroom activities design on international students' Chinese learning anxiety. The study found that Chinese teachers classroom management and communication style are the main factors causing anxiety of international students in classroom learning. Chinese teachers' improper error correction methods, ignorance of cultural and cognitive style differences in learning activities have also made international students feel so stressed in classroom learning that they were reluctant to participate in classroom activities. The author suggests that Chinese teachers should enhance their sensitivity to cross-cultural communication by way of facing up to international students' language learning anxiety and taking cultural and cognitive style differences into fully consideration in their language teaching planning. The author also suggests adopting teaching strategies such as group activities and delaying error correction to provide appropriate academic support to reduce international students' anxiety, stress and frustration in Chinese language learning.

International marriages (kokusai kekkon) in Japan have been steadily increasing with one out of eighteen matches involving a foreign spouse in 2008. Class intersects with race and gender in the discourse of international marriage in Japan. Whereas most research focuses on international marriages between rural Japanese men and Asian brides, the media's emphasis is on Japanese women who marry Western men. The main aim of this article is to expand the discussion on international marriage by looking at couples in which the male spouse is coming from a developing country. I will do this by looking at Sub-Saharan African spouses of Japanese women in Japan. By switching the perspective to men coming from developing countries marrying women in wealthier nations, new insights on the intersections of gender, class and race can be explored while conventional notions surrounding international marriage, such as hypergamy, are challenged.