"During his more than fifty-year writing and teaching career, Horace M. Kallen (1882-1974), the American Jewish philosopher who coined the term "cultural pluralism," incorporated into his pragmatism-infused philosophy of life a number of different sciences, from racial science to psychology and physics. Part biography, part cultural history, "Horace Kallen Confronts America" offers fresh insight into the larger question of how social discourses shape modern American Jewish identity."--
Whether in the science lab or the music studio, we go in with a plan, we perform, and we make a record of that performance for distribution, consumption, and reuse. Both domains are increasingly data-intensive, with the adoption of new technology, and also socially intensive with democratised and growing citizen engagement. The music industry has embraced digital technology throughout the lifecycle from composition to consumption; scientific practice, and scholarly communication, are also undergoing transformation. Is the music industry more digital than science? We suggest that comparing and contrasting these two systems will provide insights of mutual benefit. Our investigation explores the notion of the Digital Music Object, analogous to the Research Object, for rich capture, sharing and reuse of both process and content.
Brazilian industrial entrepreneurs have shown a high degree of mobilization and political activity in defense of their specific interests since the beginning of Brazilian industrial capitalist development. They have been characterized by pragmatism, support of different governments and political regimes (dictatorships or democracies), and adaptation to the political instability typical of the country from the proclamation of the Republic until the mid-1980s. For almost half a century they have played a prominent role in sustaining the different phases of national developmentalism by joining diverse political coalitions that upheld the industrial order. The past 10 years have been marked by an important reversal of this pattern that is essentially political: the socialization of entrepreneurs in democratic values, rules, and practices. A thread of continuity is represented by an ideological pragmatism characterized by successive adaptations to positions more or less aligned with a more active role for the state. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]
The new environmental problems have common features that distinguish them {rom traditional scientific problems: facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent. For these new problems science usually cannot provide well-founded theories, based on experiments, for explanation and prediction; therefore environmental issues present new tasks for science. We range scientific problem-solving strategies on a biaxial diagram which exhibits them in terms of the two attributes of "system uncertainties" and "decision stakes"; the situation of post-normal science is one where both attributes are highest; here we find decisions with high stakes, for which the scientific inputs are irremediably uncertain. In these conditions the essential functions of quality assurance and critical assessment can no longer be completely performed by a restricted corps of insiders. The dialogue on quality, along with that on policy, must be extended to all those with a stake in an issue; these we call "the extended peer community". The task is to see what sorts of changes in the practice of science and in its institutions will be entailed by recognition of uncertainty, complexity and quality within policyrelevant research. ; Les problèmes d'environnement ont des caractéristiques qui les distinguent radicalement des problèmes scientifiques traditionnels: les faits sont incertains, les valeurs en discussion, les enjeux graves et les décisions urgentes. Pour ces nouveaux problèmes la science ne peut généralement pas fournir des théories bien établies, avec une base expérimentale pour l'explication et la prédiction; les questions d'environnement présentent donc de nouvelles tâches pour la science. Nous rangeons les stratégies scientifiques de résolution de problèmes sur un diagramme à deux axes, les "incertitudes du système" et les "enjeux de la décision" ; la situation de la science post-normale est celle dans laquelle ces deux critères sont les plus élevés; ici nous trouvons des décisions avec des enjeux graves, pour lesquelles les bases scientifiques sont décidément incertaines. Dans ces conditions les fonctions essentielles de l'assurance-qualité et de l'évaluation critique ne peuvent plus être complètement réalisées par un corps restreint d'experts. Le dialogue sur la qualité, ainsi que celui sur la politique, doit être étendu à tous ceux qui ont des enjeux dans la question et qui sont ici appelés "communauté étendue de pairs". L'objectif est de voir quel type de changements dans les pratiques et les institutions scientifiques seront entraînés par la reconnaissance de l'incertitude, de la complexité et de la qualité dans la recherche opérationnelle.
Bibliometric analysis is the quantitative study of bibliographic material. It provides a general picture of a research field that can be classified by papers, authors and journals. This paper presents a bibliometric overview of research published in operations research and management science in recent decades. The main objective of this study is to identify some of the most relevant research in this field and some of the newest trends according to the information found in the Web of Science database. Several classifications are made, including an analysis of the most influential journals, the two hundred most cited papers of all time and the most productive and influential authors. The results obtained are in accordance with the common wisdom, although some variations are found. ; European Commission PIEF-GA-2011-300062 Chilean Government 1160286
In the 1950s a small group of scientists and politicians in Greece became determined to build a center for nuclear reactor research. With the exception of a handful of students trained in nuclear physics, no real expertise existed in the country. There were also no experienced administrators or managers ready to take the lead, and the existing national bureaucracy was labyrinthine. Thus a new scientific network had to be constituted largely from scratch in the Greek postwar sociopolitical order, a network that had to be extended to the international scientific community if it was to be efficient at all. Surprisingly, behind the construction of this scientific nuclear research project in Greece one can discern the female touch of a powerful and determined woman, Queen Frederika of Greece. I argue that she was the one who, by taking advantage of the United States' discourse on atomic energy for peace, was able to exploit the knots and nodes of her own political network, build new alliances and transform scattered resources into a grid that could underlay nuclear research in Greece and her own legitimacy in the country.
AbstractThis essay explores how to broaden the scope of what constitutes anthropological and ethnographic research by cross‐fertilizing with data science. I discuss four types of relationships anthropologists have sought to foster with data science: anthropology of data science, anthropology over data science, anthropology with data science, and, the least developed of the four, anthropology by data science. Data science as a field has cultivated abductive, bottom‐up forms of quantitative research, which provide useful quantitative parallels to similarly abductive, bottom‐up qualitative techniques in ethnographic research. Anthropologists should adopt an anthropology by data science perspective through incorporating machine‐learning and other data science techniques into anthropological research. Nick Seaver's concept of bastard disciplines and methodologies provides a helpful framework for such work. [data science, machine learning, ethnography, anthropology]
Based on the specificity of political science, which requires placing power as the central category of politics and the political system when analyzing various social phenomena and processes, the author of the article presents their vision of Russian identity in the past and present. The aim of the study is to determine the main stages of the formation of Russian identity and reveal its specific features, reflecting the specificity of state power and the political system of the country as a unique civilization model of human development. Research Methods: The nature of this work is based on the use of systemic, functional, value-oriented, historical, and some other methods of political analysis, representing a harmonious combination of their general scientific and specific fundamental directions. Research Findings. In the course of the analysis conducted, the author arrived at several conclusions. According to them, at the state level, Russian identity had a completely sovereign character in two cases. The first instance was related to Moscow's refusal to submit to the resolutions of the Florence Union Council, which preserved Russia as the only Orthodox state until Peter the Great. The second time our country became a civilization-state was in October 1917. The collapse of the Soviet Union positioned Russia as a peripheral element within the framework of the North Atlantic civilization and contributed to the establishment of a regime of "neo-Bonapartism" on its territory.
The fields of science education and science communication are said to have developed as disparate fields of research and practice, operating based on somewhat different logics and premises about their audiences. As the two fields share many of the same goals, arguments have been made for a rapprochement between the two. Drawing inspiration from a historical debate between the scholars John Dewey and Walter Lippmann, the present article is a case-oriented theoretical contribution applying models from science education and science communication in relation to a current socio-scientific issue (SSI), the COVID-19 pandemic. The main question of interest is how selected didactic (didaktik) models from science education and science communication can contribute to shed light on the present situation of an ongoing pandemic specifically and socio-scientific issues in general. Three models are synthesised to give a new composite model that may help communicators and educators understand, discuss, and analyse complex socio-scientific issues. The model is subsequently applied on the apparently contradictory issue of Norwegian and Swedish governments' very different responses to the pandemic, despite grounding their decisions on largely the same scientific evidence and advice. Contrast is made by comparison with another SSI, anthropogenic global warming (AGW). It is argued that the exchange and combination of didactic models from the two fields may open new spaces for cross-pollination and cross-fertilisation to the mutual benefit of both science education and science communication.
Describes the content of an honor's colloquium titled "Gender, Authority, & the Politics of Representation in Science & Art," which was designed to challenge traditional science-art & nature-culture dichotomies. Issues addressed in the course include such questions as how authority is established in science & art; how nature has been gendered in both disciplines; how popular views of science are commingled with artistic conventions; the impact on art/science of political & economic hierarchies; & "feminist" epistemologies/ethics/strategies. Examples from popular culture, including various artistic renderings of the novel Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley, are used to emphasize the complex interconnections between reconfigurations of the science-art & nature-culture divides. Academic texts used as supplementary critical frames are identified to demonstrate the precarious construction of masculine-feminine & subject-object positions in both science & art. The pedagogical method used for the course is discussed, & a list of course topics & readings is included. 19 References. J. Lindroth
