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Over the last two decades, the study of graffiti has emerged as a bustling field, invigorated by increased appreciation for their historical, linguistic, sociological, and anthropological value and propelled by ambitious documentation projects. The growing understanding of graffiti as a perennial, universal phenomenon is spurring holistic consideration of this mode of graphic expression across time and space. Graffiti Scratched, Scrawled, Sprayed: Towards a Cross-Cultural Understanding complements recent efforts to showcase the diversity in creation, reception, and curation of graffiti around the globe, throughout history and up to the present day. reflecting on methodology, concepts, and terminology as well as spatial, social, and historical contexts of graffiti, the book's fourteen chapters cover ancient Egypt, Rome, Northern Arabia, Persia, India, and the Maya; medieval Eastern Mediterranean, Turfan, and Dunhuang; and contemporary Tanzania, Brazil, China, and Germany. As a whole, the collection provides a comprehensive toolkit for newcomers to the field of graffiti studies and appeals to specialists interested in viewing these materials in a cross-cultural perspective. ; Over the last two decades, the study of graffiti has emerged as a bustling field, invigorated by increased appreciation for their historical, linguistic, sociological, and anthropological value and propelled by ambitious documentation projects. The growing understanding of graffiti as a perennial, universal phenomenon is spurring holistic consideration of this mode of graphic expression across time and space. Graffiti Scratched, Scrawled, Sprayed: Towards a Cross-Cultural Understanding complements recent efforts to showcase the diversity in creation, reception, and curation of graffiti around the globe, throughout history and up to the present day. reflecting on methodology, concepts, and terminology as well as spatial, social, and historical contexts of graffiti, the book's fourteen chapters cover ancient Egypt, Rome, Northern Arabia, Persia, India, and the Maya; medieval Eastern Mediterranean, Turfan, and Dunhuang; and contemporary Tanzania, Brazil, China, and Germany. As a whole, the collection provides a comprehensive toolkit for newcomers to the field of graffiti studies and appeals to specialists interested in viewing these materials in a cross-cultural perspective.

Introduction -- Narratives of discord: misinformation, dissimulation, truth -- Voices from Below. Propaganda and Petitioning Power in Late Socialist Romania (Mioara Anton) -- The Great Discursive Divide in Communist Romania (Veronica Manole) -- "Words that Must Not Be Named": Narratives of Language, Power, and Identity in Communist Romania (Réka Lugossy) -- Compromise or Survival. Adapting the Religious Discourse and the Topics Covered in Publications of the Romanian Orthodox Church during the Communist Regime (Călin Emilian Cira) -- The Founding Texts of a Revolution. Romania 1989 (Kazimierz Jurczak) -- Words at war: expressive forms of resistance, dissidence and protest -- The Language of Inner Freedom for Dissent: Müller and Liiceanu before and after the Revolution (Jonathan Lahey Dronsfield) -- The Rhetoric of Albanian Insurgency: Communism and Anti- Communism in Kosovo (Henrique Schneider) -- The Change of Worlds and Words. The Language of Protest during and after the Romanian Revolution in 1989 (Dina Vîlcu) -- Written, spoken, performed: archiving the memory of (post-)communism -- Humility and Hatred, Forgiveness and Hope. A Linguistic Approach on the Subjective Literary Experiences in the Romanian Communist Society (Maria-Zoica Eugenia Balaban) -- Retrieving Memory via Desk-Drawer Literature: from Reality Escapism in Stories about Cadmav to Contemporary Reflective Writing in With My Woman's Mind (Ioana Mudure-Iacob) -- Surviving the Change, Adjusting the Language. Romanian Writers in the Cultural Media, December 1989-1990 (Magdalena Răduță, Oana Fotache) -- The December 1989 Revolution in Post-Communist Romanian Drama (Anca Hațiegan) -- Staging Communism in Romania: Language, Propaganda, Memory in Caryl Churchill's Mad Forest and Matei Vișniec's How to Explain the History of Communism to Mental Patients (Alina Cojocaru) -- The Language of the Velvet Revolution versus the Anti-Language of Post- Communist Crime. A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Contemporary Czech Crime Historical Television Series (Luboš Ptáček) -- Surprising Silence? Possible Reasons for Scarcity of Representation of the Velvet Revolution in Czech Film Adaptations in the 1990s (Radoslav Horák) -- Comparing the Portrayal of the Fall of the Berlin Wall in Two Spanish Newspapers: A Multimodal Analysis (Samira Allani, Silvia Molina-Plaza) -- Borghesia and Laibach against the Socialist Regime of Yugoslavia: Insights from a Socio-Linguistic Analysis (Mitja Stefancic) -- Conclusions.

This volume offers a significant and engaging overview of the phenomenon of populism in time and in the two countries of the United States and Canada. The focus on populism as a political discourse, both in the rhetorical sense, is one particular merit of this book helping to understand this extremely topical political phenomenon. Anyone concerned about how populist discourse works will benefit from this study. Francesca De Cesare, University of Naples, Italy This book examines the origins of populism in Canada and the United States and its development into a powerful and at times disturbing political force. Focus is on five historical periods: The Populist Party of the United States in the 1890s, Prairie Populism in Canada during the early and mid-20th century, the Reform Party of Canada in the 1980s and 90s, the left and right populism of Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump in the early 21st century, and the phenomenon of Ford Nation in modern day Ontario, Canada. The author extends Ernesto Laclaus analysis of populism as a logic in On Populist Reason (2005) to explore how a people come into being in their conflict or clash with an elite, defined by Chartists in the 19th century as providing a contrast between producers and non-producers. The author examines the linguistic media (speeches, books, radio, twitter, Facebook) used in populist discourse to covey a political message and to articulate the needs, wishes and will of a newly born people in their numerous guises and expressions, from "The plain people," "The little guy," "Brothers and sisters." This volume will be of interest to researchers in an interdisciplinary range of fields, including discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, pragmatics, rhetoric and stylistics, political communication, social movements theory, media studies, and Canadian and American history. Marcia Macaulay is an Associate Professor of English and Linguistics at Glendon College, York University, Canada. Her work focusses on linguistic variation, speech act theory, stylistics, political discourse and gender and language. She is the co-editor of Pragmatics and Context (2012) and the editor of Populist Discourse: International Perspectives (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).

Inhaltsangabe: Interjections play an important role in communicative as well as non-communicative contexts, and their actual linguistic value and role were underestimated and misjudged for quite a long time:Interjections are among the most little studied of language phenomena, as one looks for references to them in the works of linguists, one is struck by the fact that they are very rarely mentioned, and where they are mentioned, it is usually only briefly and cursorily (James 1973: 1, The Syntax and Semantics of Some English Interjections).Only recently have linguists delved into the subject of interjections and discovered that this particular linguistic phenomenon provides in fact ample opportunity for study and research. Moreover, with the interest in interjections the problem arose to determine what actually defines an interjection. Opinions on this point differ considerably and attempts at agreeing upon the definition of interjections have been unsuccessful so far. Yet, there are some general tendencies which will form the basis for how the term interjection is used in this paper. This study aims at gaining an insight into the acquisition of interjections in early childhood. This field has been neglected so far but merits in fact extensive and thorough inspection. This book consists of three main parts, with the first two parts forming the basis for my study in part III.: in the first part I will provide a brief overview on child language acquisition, focussing particularly on phonological development. The second part consists of a theoretical disquisition on interjections to illustrate what characteristics they have and what peculiarities they show. In the third and final part I will come to my study on the acquisition of interjections in early childhood. The database used to conduct the research for this study was CHILDES. Both the interjections produced by children and their caregivers were of interest for comparison in order to determine the role of input for the acquisition of interjections. The interjections examined in my study were Ow!, Ouch!, Phew!, Ugh!, Yuck!, Whoops! and Oops!.

Preliminay Material /Jens Woelk , Francesco Palermo and Joseph Marko -- Chapter 1. History of the South Tyrol Conflict and Its Settlement /Emma Lantschner -- Chapter 2. Protection of Minorities under International Law and the Case of South Tyrol /Roberta Medda-Windischer -- Chapter 3. South Tyrol's Special Status within the Italian Constitution /Francesco Palermo -- Chapter 4. Institutions of Self-Government /Giuseppe Avolio -- Chapter 5. Legislative and Administrative Autonomy /Sara Parolari and Leonhard Voltmer -- Chapter 6. The Financial System of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/Bozen /Thomas Benedikter -- Chapter 7. What It Means to Be Special in Relations with the Central State: Institutions and Procedures /Jens Woelk -- Chapter 8. Implementation and Amendment of the Autonomy Statute /Francesco Palermo -- Chapter 9. Cross-border Cooperation between Historical Legacies and New Horizons /Alice Engl and Carolin Zwilling -- Chapter 10. Regional Autonomies Providing Minority Rights and the Law of European Integration: Experiences from South Tyrol /Gabriel N. Toggenburg -- Chapter 11. Individual and Group Rights in South Tyrol: Article 2 as ,Grundnorm' of the Autonomy Statute /Jens Woelk -- Chapter 12. Quota System, Census and Declaration of Affi Liation to a Linguistic Group /Emma Lantschner and Giovanni Poggeschi -- Chapter 13. The Educational System in South Tyrol /Siegfried Baur and Roberta Medda-Windischer -- Chapter 14. Linguistic Rights and the Use of Language /Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle -- Chapter 15. A 'Minority within a Minority': the Special Status /Ladin Valleys and Günther Rautz -- Chapter 16. South Tyrol's Special Status in Private Law: the 'Entailed Farm' and the 'Grundbuch' Systems /Giovanni Poggeschi -- Chapter 17. South Tyrol's Consociational Democracy: between Political Claim and Social Reality /Günther Pallaver -- Chapter 18. Complex Power Sharing as Conflict Resolution: South Tyrol in Comparative Perspective /Stefan Wolff -- Chapter 19. Is There a South Tyrolean 'Model' of Conflict Resolution to Be Exported? /Joseph Marko -- Appendix /Alice Engl and Alexandra Tomaselli -- Editors /Jens Woelk , Francesco Palermo and Joseph Marko -- Authors /Jens Woelk , Francesco Palermo and Joseph Marko -- Index /Jens Woelk , Francesco Palermo and Joseph Marko.

Contrastive analysis between Spanish and English / Raquel T. Anderson and José G. Centeno -- English language learners: literacy and biliteracy considerations / Hortencia Kayser and José G. Centeno -- Bilingual development and communication: implications for clinical language studies / José G. Centeno -- Neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism / Martin R. Gitterman and Hia Datta -- Sociocultural, societal, and psychological aspects of bilingualism: variables, interactions, and therapeutic implications in speech-language pathology / Alizah Z. Brozgold and José G. Centeno -- Cross-linguistic research: the convergence of monolingual and bilingual data / Raquel T. Anderson -- The cognitive neuropsychology of language disorders among Spanish speakers / Brendan Stuart Weekes -- Ethical and methodological considerations in clinical communication research with Hispanic populations / José G. Centeno and Willard Gingerich -- Exploring the grammar of Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment / Raquel T. Anderson -- Language elicitation and analysis as a research and clinical tool for Latino children / María Adelaida Restrepo and Anny Patricia Castilla -- Utterance length measures for Spanish-speaking toddlers: the morpheme versus word issue revisited / Donna Jackson-Maldonado and Barbara T. Conboy -- Lexical skills in young children learning a second language: methods, results, and clinical applications / Kathryn Kohnert and Pui Fong Kan -- Measuring phonological skills in bilingual children: methodology and clinical applications / Brian A. Goldstein -- Prepositional processing in Spanish speakers with aphasia: the role of semantic value and amount of contextual information / Belinda A. Reyes -- Cohesion in the conversational samples of Broca's aphasic individuals: theoretical and clinical implications / Lourdes G. Pietrosemoli -- Language switching in the context of Spanish-English bilingual aphasia / Ana Inés Ansaldo and Karine Marcotte -- Description and detection of acquired dyslexia and dysgraphia in Spanish / I. Carolina Iribarren -- Cross-linguistic aspects of dyslexia in Spanish-English bilinguals / Elizabeth Ijalba and Loraine K. Obler -- Neuropsychological profile of adult illiterates and the development and application of a neuropsychological program for learning to read / Feggy Ostrosky-Solís [and others] -- Phonetic descriptions of speech production in bilingual speakers: empirical evidence and clinical considerations / Fredericka Bell-Berti -- Epilogue / Loraine K. Obler.

The study of maternity rituals in the traditional culture of the Buryats makes it possible to identify preserved and actively functioning archaic traces of the mother cult. Maternity rituals are associated with a developed complex of initiation rituals, when a large-scale change of spatial, temporal and cultural paradigms occurs for a newborn. This process takes place under the guidance of a midwife, who is the figurative embodiment of the cult of the Mother ancestor. According to mythological and ritual views, from the first moments of the birth of a child, thanks to the midwife, the sphere of the iconic is actualized when the newborn undergoes the processes of ritual transformation necessary for his socialization and integration into society. The analysis of the structure of maternity rituals revealed the semantic connection of the midwife with the archaic image of the Mother ancestor. This can be seen, firstly, in the special requirements – "to be a prosperous woman". These include age, health, but most importantly, "offspring without loss". Secondly, the concept of a midwife as a "utoodai" (grandmother) made it possible to identify the motive of the ancestry of the Mother Earth in the image of a "gray-haired old woman", which is simultaneously identified with the image of a hoofed animal "possessing an udder". Such a woman, with qualities and linguistic definitions corresponding to the characteristics of the maternal cult ("Mother Earth", "Mother Beast"), conducted, firstly, the ceremony of transferring a newborn from another world to this one, fixing it as a living person, and secondly, constructing sexual identification, launched a male coding program or female stereotypes of behavior, introducing a newborn into the members of the generic society and the corresponding gender and age group. The use of modern research methods allowed us to substantiate the ancient traces of the mother cult preserved in the traditional Buryat society, associated with the vital activity of society, which was a key basis in the formation of such vital elements as external structures, linguistic definition, and internal sacred content.

ABSTRACT: Yasmina Khadra, a Francophone writer of Algerian origin, aims to preserve the authenticity of Arabic culture by incorporating Arabic words into his narratives. This inclusion contributes to making his stories faithful to cultural and historical reality while enriching the Arabic language and providing an immersive atmosphere for readers. This linguistic approach is tied to the historical, linguistic, and cultural context in which it is situated. It is crucial to understand that for many writers who interact with multiple languages, their lives, writing, existence, and creation are closely intertwined. Their writing is inspired by aspects such as love, exile, violence, travel, taboos, etc. Thus, reading these writers confronts us with varied versions of subjectivity linked to their relationship with languages and personal history. This study examines the deployment and stakes of the lexicon related to the Arabic language in Yasmina Khadra's writing as Francophone literature, which can be interpreted in different ways.
RÉSUMÉ : Yasmina Khadra, écrivain francophone d'origine algérienne, cherche à préserver l'authenticité de la culture arabe en incluant des mots arabes dans ses récits. Cette inclusion contribue à rendre ses histoires fidèles à la réalité culturelle et historique, tout en enrichissant la langue arabe et prévoyant une atmosphère immersive pour les lecteurs. Cette approche linguistique est liée au contexte historique, linguistique et culturel dans lequel elle s'inscrit. Il est essentiel de comprendre que pour de nombreux écrivains qui interagissent avec plusieurs langues, leur vie, leur écriture, leur existence et leur création sont étroitement liées. Leur écriture est inspirée par des aspects tels que l'amour, l'exil, la violence, les voyages, tabous, etc. Ainsi, la lecture de ces écrivains nous confronte à des versions variées d'une subjectivité liée à leur rapport avec les langues et à leur histoire personnelle. Cette étude interroge le déploiement et les enjeux du lexique relatif à la langue arabe dans l'écriture de Yasmina Khadra en tant que littérature francophone qui peut s'expliquer de différentes manières.

ABSTRACT: At the heart of Derrida's works, the question of pluralism finds a fundamental place. To understand plurilingualism, we must return to logocentrism. It is defined as the tendency to withdraw into the logic of one's language and to consider it as a reference base. The deconstruction of logocentrism implies opening up to other places. From there, is born a diversity of logics and multiplicities. Such a logic finds its base in The Monolinguism of the "Other" by Jacques Derrida. This author thinks that language is neither our home nor our property. When we write, we do so in each other's language. The language that we consider our own and that we speak never belongs to us. This resonance finds a favorable echo in literature. Authors like Léonora Miano, Maryse Condé, Natalie Etoke free themselves from all linguistic formalism. Even more, they militate for linguistic interbreeding. The challenges of such a vision of the world lie in its multicultural scope.
RÉSUMÉ : Au cœur des ouvrages de Derrida, la question du pluralisme trouve une place fondamentale. Pour comprendre le plurilinguisme, il faut revenir sur le logocentrisme. Il se définit comme la tendance à se replier dans la logique de son langage et à le considère comme base de référence. La déconstruction du logocentrisme implique l'ouverture à d'autres lieux. Delà, nait une diversité de logiques et de multiplicités. Une telle logique trouve son soubassement dans Le Monolinguisme de l'autre de Jacques Derrida. Cet auteur pense que la langue n'est ni notre demeure ni notre propriété. Quand nous écrivons, nous le faisons dans la langue de l'autre. La langue que nous considérons comme la nôtre et que nous parlons ne nous appartient jamais en propre. Cette résonnance trouve un écho favorable en littérature. Des auteurs comme Léonora Miano, Maryse Condé, Natalie Etoke s'affranchissent de tout formalisme linguistique. Bien plus, elles militent pour le métissage linguistique. Les enjeux d'une telle vision du monde résident dans sa portée multiculturelle.

The article presents a general characteristic of the "star (celebrity)" frame in the Russian linguoculture based on the material of three chronological periods. The author substantiates the relevance and practicability of studying the star (celebrity) image from the standpoint of the frame approach. It is established that the structure of the "star (celebrity)" frame is determined by the actual nature of the stardom phenomenon, as well as the factual research material. Based on the material of the Russian-language newspapers and magazines of the Soviet pre-war and post-war periods, as well as the media texts of the modern period, the structure of the "star (celebrity)" frame is modelled, which contains a number of slots and terminals. The author remarks that this frame structure is not constant in all three periods and it is represented by some variations. Using the example of the leading slot "wide popularity", which includes such terminals as "a high degree of popularity", "a medium degree of popularity" and "the number of fans", the article discovers the similarities and differences in the objectification of the separate structural components of the "star (celebrity)" frame in the mass media texts of the above-noted periods. It has been established that the terminal "a medium degree of popularity" is eliminated from the texts of the pre-war and post-war periods. In the factual material of all three periods the clichéd expressions, as well as the linguistic units with the root мир- (world) were identified as the leading representatives; the frequent language units in the texts of the Soviet pre-war and post-war periods are a group of impassioned vocabulary, as well as nominations of creative work artifacts. Within the framework of the above-mentioned slot, the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the stardom phenomenon are defined as follows: "glory", "popularity" and "attention". Modelling of the invariant structure of the "star (celebrity)" frame in the Russian linguoculture is indicated as one of the prospects for further research.

Digitization is being actively established in all spheres of social activity, transforming traditional ways of creating, distributing and analyzing information. Diplomatic activity has not become an exception in the processes of actualization of the digital space, gradually involving ICT tools in its practice. The study is focused on highlighting the implementation of digital innovations in diplomacy under the conditions of permanent influence of socio-cultural factors. The modern world is dynamic and developing at a high speed; therefore the trends of promotion or hindrance to digitization, which is used directly in the translation of diplomatic texts, change rapidly depending on many factors (socio-political, socio -economic, cultural, etc.). The purpose of the study is to understand the effectiveness of the use of information and digital technologies in the translation of diplomatic texts. The need for new media, translators and means of translation is noted, which will be in demand under the conditions of total globalization and informatization of the current socio-cultural space. Digitization has demonstrated the expediency of its use in diplomatic activity in general, so it is evident that this process will be extended to highly specialized clusters, including the translation of diplomatic texts. The research methodology is based on a combination of the use of general scientific and scientific-linguistic methods, due to which a comprehensive study of digitization algorithms in diplomatic translation was carried out. In addition, a scientific-synergistic approach is actively used, which ensures interaction between digital, linguistic, diplomatic and cultural-historical dimensions, which are actualized in scientific intelligence. Elements of novelty of the research focus on the interpretation of information and digital technologies in the context of their involvement in the process of diplomatic translation. Conclusion. Therefore, the ICT segment is actively gaining positions in diplomatic activity, fully meeting the trends of modern socio-cultural development. In a practice-oriented environment, diplomatic translation activities successfully use online resources to improve the quality and availability of translated materials. However, the digital segment is positioned as an auxiliary element or an alternative to traditional translation models, using a wide range of digital tools: online translators, artificial intelligence, interactive dictionaries, etc

AbstractPerspective‐taking, which is important for communication and social activities, can be cultivated through joint actions, including musical activities in children. We examined how rhythmic activities requiring coordination affect perspective‐taking in a referential communication task with 100 Chinese 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children. In Study 1, 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children played an instrument with a virtual partner in one of three coordination conditions: synchrony, asynchrony, and antiphase synchrony. Eye movements were then monitored with the partner giving instructions to identify a shape referent which included a pre‐nominal scalar adjective (e.g., big cubic block). When the target contrast (a small cubic block) was in the shared ground and a competitor contrast was occluded for the partner, participants who used perspective differences could, in principle, identify the intended referent before the shape was named. We hypothesized that asynchronous and antiphase synchronous musical activities, which require self‐other distinction, might have stronger effects on perspective‐taking than synchronous activity. Children in the asynchrony and antiphase synchrony conditions, but not the synchrony condition, showed anticipatory looks at the target, demonstrating real‐time use of the partner's perspective. Study 2 was conducted to determine if asynchrony and antiphase asynchrony resulted in perspective‐taking that otherwise would not have been observed, or if synchronous coordination inhibited perspective‐taking that would otherwise have occurred. We found no evidence for online perspective‐taking in 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children without music manipulation. Therefore, playing instruments asynchronously or in alternation, but not synchronously, increases perspective‐taking in children of this age, likely by training self‐other distinction and control. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/TM9h_GpFlsA.Research Highlights
This study is the first to show that rhythmic coordination, a form of non‐linguistic interaction, can affect children's performance in a subsequent linguistic task.
Eye‐movement data revealed that children's perspective‐taking in language processing was facilitated by prior asynchronous and antiphase synchronous musical interactions, but not by synchronous coordination.
The results challenge the common "similar is better" view, suggesting that maintaining self‐other distinction may benefit social interactions that involve representing individual differences.

Introduction.Language situation in Belgium is considered unique because, despite several state languages, a dozen minority languages, and hundreds of dialects being in constant contact with each other, the Belgian language community is also actively influenced by the English language. The relevance of this research is dictated by the growing importance of the English language in Europe, where the latter is frequently used as a lingua franca, by the developing mutual influence of the French and the Dutch languages in Belgium, and also by the linguists' interest towards the matter of code-switching. The purpose of this research lies in analyzing the examples of code-switching in Belgian media, and in exploring their functions and the strategies of forming them in the context of the difficult language situation in Belgium. Methodology and sources. The material of this research consists of publications in Belgian newspapers and journals and materials of Belgian informational resources in the social network "Instagram". The following methods are used in this research: continuous sampling method, synthesis method, descriptive method, classification method, and comparative language analysis. Results and discussion. The research briefly describes the features of sociolinguistic situation in Belgium, particularly in three regions: Flanders, Wallonia, and the BrusselsCapital Region. Analysis of the found in Walloon and Flemish examples of code-switching showed that in Belgian newspapers and journals code-switching in French – Dutch and Dutch – French pairs is very rare, and the absolute majority of examples is in English. Switching to English adds some emotional aspect to a text and is used when addressing to precedent statements, situations, and names that entered the international discourse in English. According to P. Muysken, among the strategies of code-switching the most frequently used are insertion and alternation. Conclusion. Sociocultural, economical and linguistic differences lead to the autonomy and certain independence of Belgian regions. They also provoked the willing to turn to English as a mediatory language during interpersonal communication. Analysis of the written sources allowed to document the cases of mostly motivated switching to English and study their stylistic, functional and linguistic features.

This article analyzes the historical prerequisites that influence the formation of the identity of the population of Transnistria, based on the common language, history, culture and statehood in the conditions of polyethnicity and multiculturalism of the republic with a "deferred legal status". Among the array of basic identities, the national-cultural one is viewed through the prism of regulatory, legislative, socio-cultural and linguistic policies aimed at protecting the cultural, educational and linguistic rights and freedoms of the Pridnestrovian people, strengthening the statehood of Transnistria with existing educational and cultural imbalances, as well as progressive reverse processes. When considering the current state of interethnic consolidation, attention is focused on the problems of preserving national and cultural identity, its markers are singled out, transformational processes are identified due to historical, political and ethno-cultural interactions, the dynamics of the ethnic composition of the population of Transnistria is analyzed. It is noted that in the ethnic structure over the past 30 years, the Moldovan ethnos (initially being the backbone of the statehood of the newly formed country) has given way to the Russian one, because the share of Russian citizens is already more than a third of the population (33.8%). At the same time, a part of the Transnistrians already self-identify as the "Pridnestrovian people". Thus, on the basis of the ideology of "Transnistrian internationalism", which allows representatives of more than 70 ethnic groups to coexist peacefully, a new community is being formed, which makes it possible to observe the transformation processes taking place in the study area in dynamics. Focusing on "Russian culture", the author focuses on the need to activate the mechanisms of creative bilingualism, the development of the ethno-festival movement, ethnographic event tourism of various ethnicities of the multinational Transnistria, which should be reflected in the ongoing State cultural policy. The author presents the directions of activity for the preservation of the national and cultural identity of the Transnistrian people in the key of ethno-cultural, communication and infrastructural processes.

Introduction. This paper is aimed at analyzing the songs of the British group "The Beatles", and the songs of the Russian artist, poet and singer V. Vysotsky for the purpose of their soft skills representation. The relevance of the work is determined by the general, keen interest to the formation and development of social competences as the foundation of improving successful interpersonal relations in the 21st century. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the study of soft skills was carried out on the basis of the creative work of the prominent representatives of the Russian and British musical culture of the past century.Methodology and sources. Due to the fact that the musical creativity of "The Beatles" and V. Vysotsky was considered primarily from the standpoint of linguistic material, the research methodology was based on the principles of linguistic text analysis, such as methods of component, cognitive and discourse analysis. In addition, the paper analyzes the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the basic principles of the formation and development of soft skills of a person today.Results and discussion. The article demonstrates a new, non-standard approach when working with the mastery and training of soft skills. The development of creative abilities directly depends on the emotional response that the material evokes. Music compositions have a more intense impact on a person, because they combine two components: lyrics and tune. Therefore, the analysis of songs can serve as an additional source of improving creative thinking. Comparison of soft skills representation in Russian and English songs did not reveal any clear distinctive national features of the skills under consideration, which once again proves their universality.Conclusion. The study of artistic images and metaphors presented in the lyrics of both Russian and English singers can form the basis of a new methodological approach aimed at developing non-standard, creative thinking, which can be applied at various levels of the educational process.