Suchergebnisse

Este artículo explora la composición de las redes sociales de unas muestras de menores extranjeros no acompañados y de jóvenes extranjeros extutelados. El aumento del número de menores extranjeros no acompañados que llegan a territorio español, la importancia del capital social en las migraciones y la carencia de investigaciones que analicen las redes sociales de estos hace relevante la investigación que aquí se presenta. En concreto, se comprueba cómo varía la composición de las redes y cuáles son las principales fuentes de recurso de ambas muestras en situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Los resultados muestran, a través de una metodología cuantitativa y de grafos, que las redes están compuestas principalmente por cuidadores de lo social[1] y que las redes de los menores de edad son más extensas que la de los jóvenes extutelados.


[1] Con este término se hace referencia a un amplio abanico de personas que acompañan a los menores y jóvenes durante su proceso migratorio. Es una manera de recoger a todos aquellos trabajadores sociales, educadores, voluntarios, psicólogos, religiosos, etc. que cuidan, protegen y acompañan a estos jóvenes extranjeros no acompañados.

The "incorporation" of the GDR into FRG''s existing system of institutions after 1989 has led to a dynamic process of change in the living situation of East Germans. In the following paper stability and change of various dimensions of individual coping strategies are to be examined. To do this, I analytically distinguish four elements: frames, habits, utilisation of available resources, and framing.:Introduction; Sample and method; Theoretical framework; Stability and change; Hopes and disappointments; Conclusions

How digital networks are positioned within the enduring structures of colonialityThe revolutionary aspirations that fueled decolonization circulated on paper-as pamphlets, leaflets, handbills, and brochures. Now-as evidenced by movements from the Arab Spring to Black Lives Matter-revolutions, protests, and political dissidence are profoundly shaped by information circulating through digital networks. Digital Unsettling is a critical exploration of digitalization that puts contemporary "decolonizing" movements into conversation with theorizations of digital communication. Sahana Udupa and Ethiraj Gabriel Dattatreyan interrogate the forms, forces, and processes that have reinforced neocolonial relations within contemporary digital environments, at a time when digital networks-and the agendas and actions they proffer-have unsettled entrenched hierarchies in unforeseen ways. Digital Unsettling examines events-the toppling of statues in the UK, the proliferation of #BLM activism globally, the rise of Hindu nationalists in North America, the trolling of academics, among others-and how they circulated online and across national boundaries. In doing so, Udupa and Dattatreyan demonstrate how the internet has become the key site for an invigorated anticolonial internationalism, but has simultaneously augmented conditions of racial hierarchy within nations, in the international order, and in the liminal spaces that shape human migration and the lives of those that are on the move. Digital Unsettling establishes a critical framework for placing digitalization within the longue durée of coloniality, while also revealing the complex ways in which the internet is entwined with persistent global calls for decolonization

Signalling that 'humanity' has radically changed the Earth's environmental parameters, the Anthropocene currently generates debate across the socio-cultural sciences. In this context, neo-Marxist and new materialist approaches stand out for the way they oblige social theory to catch up with new material realities. We share the conviction that the Anthropocene might constitute a genuine event for social theory and practice. However, we argue that the search for alternative ways of problematizing and 'dramatizing' our eco-political predicament confronts these approaches with unresolved issues of scientism and economic totalization. Looking for another path, we turn to Science and Technology Studies (STS), and especially Actor-Network Theory (ANT). We relay the long-standing focus on nonhuman agency characteristic of this field via Isabelle Stengers' argument that we must 'accept' the reality of Gaia's intrusion into collective historicity. The challenge posed by Stengers, we suggest, requires the development of an art of immanent attention to the politics of varied matters as they unfold across diverse ecologies of practice. Extending further than the present preoccupations of Euro-American social theory, other areas within and across environmental history, activism and politics offer sites of resistance as well as experimentation whose conceptual possibilities and practical efficacies have yet to be explored. Slowing down theory sufficiently to learn from these multiple sites, we argue, is the starting point for an approach more adequate to the problems posed by the Anthropocene event.

This article presents a definition and characterisation of the 'European social model' (ESM), admitting the existence of variants and increasing heterogeneity in institutional and social contexts within the EU in the wake of successive enlargements. The constituent parts of the ESM are compared with data observed in the different countries, in search of empirical evidence of the ESM's position as a distinctive model of development, characteristic of Western Europe as opposed to the paths taken by other non‐European developed OECD countries.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health and economies, the harmful effects of which are disproportionately experienced by those living in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Tackling this complex problem requires multidisciplinary and multisectoral responses. In the last few years, there has been a growing acknowledgement of the vital role of social science in understanding and intervening on antibiotic use, a key driver of AMR. Existing reviews summarise evidence of specific aspects of antibiotic use and specific intervention types. The growing concern that our off-the-shelf toolkit for addressing antibiotic use is insufficient in the face of rising use across humans, animals and plants, requires that we take a fresh look at the ways we are understanding this problem and possibilities for solutions. The ambition of this report is to provide a timely intervention into this global debate, by formulating a conceptual map of the insights from the growing body of social science research on addressing antibiotic use conducted in a diverse range of economic, social, and health system settings around the world. A series of panel presentations and discussions was held in 2020 with leading social scientists working on antibiotic use in different settings. Analysis of the proceedings of these panels, together with a literature review which snowballed from the work of the 76 researchers profiled through the antimicrobialsinsociety.org community of practice, led to a grouping of the key points of entry for recommendations to act on antibiotic use. The report identifies three main areas of focus of social science recommendations to address antibiotic use: Practices, Structures and Networks. The Practices grouping, in which the majority of the social research on antibiotic use has been carried out over the years, focuses on addressing end user antibiotic use. It shows how scholarship has moved away from knowledge deficit models to embracing an 'ecological' approach and to considering practice as embedded in lives and livelihoods. This body of work emphasizes the centrality of the local context to identify possible targets for intervening to change practice. The Structures grouping assembles the growing body of work that understands antibiotic use as a product of economic and political conditions. This research draws from political economical perspectives to identify the ways antibiotics have taken on critical roles in modern societies. Based on research investigating water, hygiene, sanitation (WASH), health systems and the political economy, the report considers how interventions that target these societal structures might reduce recourse to antibiotics as a 'quick fix'. The Networks grouping collates recent work that draws attention to the mundane networks of logics, classifications and flows within which antibiotics are entangled. Research exploring agricultural and development imperatives, global health architectures, and circulating discourses has revealed the material and meaningful connections between human and non-human actors – animals, medicines, microbes, technologies, for example – that extend through time and space far beyond the moment of antibiotic use. These studies help render visible for action the apparatus such as clinical guidelines, delivery chains and models of care that have previously been overlooked when studying and addressing antibiotic use. The domains for action on antibiotic use presented in this report raise important questions for the AMR community. First, how can we move from standardised approaches to developing, refining, and monitoring impacts of interventions locally? Second, what time horizons should we set for interventions that aim to address AMR, and what other impacts should we expect of efforts to optimise antibiotic use? Third, what forms of evidence are most relevant, and what professional and infrastructural investment is required for this to support meaningful and responsive evaluation? The analysis in this report suggests new forms of transnational and intranational engagements to address this pressing bio-social-political issue could provide a platform for widening the options for addressing antibiotic use and its associated challenges.

Over the past two decades we have witnessed growing academic and policy interest in phenomena such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship. In these instances, the "social" element has often been described as a new or rediscovered category, indicating a normative predisposition to "elevate" existing or emerging innovation and entrepreneurship processes by identifying and promoting socially-acceptable standards of behavior and goal-setting. While previous reviews on social innovation have focused on the historical development of the concept and its role in academic debate, this article critically reviews the place of the "social" in current mainstream Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I&E) studies. The aim is to understand how this literature has been evolving in relation to this element and to what extent this addition has promoted a radical shift in the research direction. Our review, based on selected articles from 16 I&E mainstream journals, advances a novel classification of the dominant approaches to the social dimension in I&E studies, identifying four main categories: disciplinary, integrationist, separationist, and essentialist. What emerges is that most I&E studies ignore, minimize, or compartmentalize the "social", using it to extend existing frameworks rather than to evolve them. Indeed, while the "social" has been offering an avenue for critical views to challenge mainstream discourse, at present it does not seem to significantly affect the latter's evolution.

In this paper, we investigate the local and self-identity characteristics of socio-cultural groups based on social representation theory and one of its methods (association method). Carried out on a sample of rural youth, the analysis focused on the relationship between the four groups, distinguished by their social representations of identity, with different intensities of meaning and the sociological background variables. In addition to the expected results, the hypothetical explanation for the contradiction in the emotional attachment and mobility variables can be further empirically confirmed.

Recent responses to people alleged to be 'witches' or 'poisoners' among the Madi of northern Uganda are compared with those of the 1980s. The extreme violence of past incidents is set in the context of contemporary upheavals and, in effect, encouragement from Catholic and governmental attitudes and initiatives. Mob justice has subsequently become less common. From 2006, a democratic system for dealing with suspects was introduced, whereby those receiving the highest number of votes are expelled from the neighborhood or punished in other ways. These developments are assessed with reference to trends in supporting 'traditional' approaches to social accountability and social healing as alternatives to more conventional measures. Caution is required. Locally acceptable hybrid systems may emerge, but when things turn nasty, it is usually the weak and vulnerable that suffer.

Le mal-être au travail des assistants sociaux est fréquemment analysé à l'aune de l'imposition des techniques de la nouvelle gestion publique. Cependant, la spécificité du « métier » qu'est la relation d'aide aux personnes est généralement ignorée dans cette approche. Nous montrons que l'analyse des témoignages faisant état de ce mal-être au travail nécessite de prendre en compte l'impact des réformes politiques qui changent profondément la nature du travail social.

A formal analysis of secular trends in statutory child welfare (defined by rates of complaints laid under the Child Welfare Act) showed no changes in overall rates of welfare problems, excepting an increase for boys aged 16–17. There were significant changes in the pattern of problems, and in the pattern of Children's Court dispositions. The trends were used as social indicators of changes in community values and mores, and in welfare practice.

Considering the socio‐economic and cultural diversity of the world, it is a bold undertaking by international organisations to propose welfare policies designed to apply to all or many countries. We argue that since the 1990s, new instruments of quantification have extended the knowledge base of international organisations, helping them to design and communicate policy proposals with a global scope. We map these numerical instruments in the field of basic income protection, showing that they serve to identify global social problems and to design global models of welfare. Three case studies illustrate the findings. To make sense of the spread of quantification, we draw on world society theory, arguing that the numerical instruments create a global space of observation, comparison and deliberation regarding social reform. We conclude that numerical instruments have facilitated the expansion of global social protection since the 1990s, but have also narrowed social concerns in the process.