Suchergebnisse

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, types, and risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries in a military security forces population. METHODS: Demographic and diagnostic data were retrieved on enlisted US Air Force security forces personnel who served on active duty between January 2009 and December 2018. Incidence rates and ratios were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: During 251,787 person-years of exposure, 62,489 personnel served on active duty. Of these, 40,771 (65.2%) were diagnosed with at least one musculoskeletal injury. The majority (60.1%) of the 164,078 unique musculoskeletal injuries were inflammation and pain secondary to overuse. After adjusting for other factors, women had a 31% higher injury rate than men, and those who were overweight and obese had 15% and 30% higher rates, respectively, than normal-weight peers. CONCLUSIONS: Modifiable and non-modifiable factors contribute to musculoskeletal injuries in the security forces career field.

Indonesia is one of the fastest-growing economies globally and the largest and most populous country in Southeast Asia. Energy demand, consumption, equal distribution, and production become one of the main challenges perpetuating the nation's growth. Mapping the energy potential and demand growth becomes essential for energy efficiency, self-sufficiency, optimization, and sustainability. As one of the nation's significant growing regions, Moluccas Archipelago has unique challenges in energy development. The islands have population centers, like the city of Ambon, that need energy supply. The Energy Atlas aims to assess energy consumption and efficiency and replace fossil energy with renewable energy. It serves as a collection of maps with energy and climate as the focus. It helps the government, various industries, and even everyday citizens make more responsible decisions to mitigate climate change and foster the development and redevelopment of regions, especially in Indonesia.

AbstractContrasting colonial experiences shaped regional cleavages in the Philippines. Spain converted natives to Christianity but struggled with converting the Muslim population. Spain only succeeded in driving them further south. American colonialism also perpetuated this regional divide: Christians were under civilian rule while Muslims were under military rule. These administrative regional divides happened concurrently, but a cohesive Christian identity developed much sooner than a Muslim identity in the south. Why do some regional identities develop sooner than others? I argue that variation in the onset of identity formation is the result of contrasting colonial education policies that fell along regional lines. Christians experienced a penetrative education policy, which cultivated a shared experience and facilitated the development of a national identity. Muslims experienced a shallow education policy, which did not have a unifying objective. These factors maintained fragmentation, rather than fostering a cohesive Muslim national identity.

International audience ; L'histoire officielle de la découverte du gisement de Potosí (Bolivie) permet de justifier la prise de possession de la montagne d'argent. De nombreux travaux de ces dernières années ont commencé à développer un nouveau regard sur le passé de Potosi et sur le début de la colonisation. Ils permettent de retracer les relations politiques régionales liant les populations locales avec les deux envahisseurs, Incas et Espagnols. Depuis 1990, des prospections ont été conduites aboutissant à une cartographie des sites métallurgiques à Potosí. Quelques anciennes entrées de mine ont pu être localisées sur le Cerro Rico. Le système de production de l'argent est maintenant bien appréhendé grâce à des opérations archéologiques menées sur plusieurs unités de production dans le département de Potosí. La reconstruction de ce savoir-faire technique indien met en lumière les luttes de pouvoir pour le contrôle de la production d'argent.

Four months after the first case of COVID-19 was reported in the United States, the SARS-CoV-2 virus had spread to more than 90% of all counties. Although the transmission of the virus can be grossly mitigated through non-pharmaceutical interventions and public health measures, risks of future outbreaks, emergence of more infectious variants, and disruptions to socio-economic life will probably remain until effective vaccines are administered to large portions of the global population. An exceptional collaboration between governments and the scientific community has led to the authorization of eight vaccines globally for full use, four of which were funded and developed in the United States. In this paper, we contextualize epidemiological, political, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 vaccination strategy in the United States of America between 20 January 2020, to 5 May 2021, with a key focus on vaccine hesitancy and public-private partnerships.

Anti-corruption claims have been at the core of many mass mobilizations worldwide. However, the nexus between corruption and collective action is often overlooked. Bridging social movement and corruption studies, this article contends that believing in extensive corruption has a positive impact on non-electoral forms of participation. But this effect is uneven across the population and contingent upon the individual"s political interest and education. Using survey data from 34 countries, the analysis confirms that people prefer non-electoral mobilization when institutions are seemingly captured by vested interests. Moreover, perceiving endemic corruption is likely to breed indignation among lesser-educated and less politically interested citizens, who are keener to embrace anti-elitist arguments and ultimately engage in extra-institutional behaviour. These findings help refine theories of societal accountability, which generally assume that politically sophisticated citizens are the driving force in the fight against corruption.

The FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), used the same acronym in August 2017 to define its new political name - "Alternative Revolutionary Force of the Common" - and a red rose as a logo, evoking the social-democratic symbols, after its demobilization as an armed group. In January 2021, it officially changed its name to "Comunes", at its 2nd National Assembly, which took place in the city of Medellín. The claim for such a change is that FARC is a name already stigmatized and that its maintenance after the demobilization of the guerrillas generated resistance in the population. According to its leaders, this change is a "real and transformative bet for peace" in Colombia. Its members believe that the change will revolve its already scratched image, putting the party back in the running for the 2022 legislative elections. This is what we will look into this Policy Brief.

International audience ; This paper investigates the impact of delaying retirement on mortality among the French population. We take advantage of the 1993 pension reform in the private sector to identify the causal effect of an increase in claiming age on mortality. We use administrative data which provide detailed information on career characteristics, dates of birth and death. Our results, precisely estimated, show that an exogenous increase of one year in the claiming age has no significant impact on the probability to die, measured between age 61 and 79, even when we allow for nonlinear effects of treatment intensity. To test the power of our sample to detect statistically significant effects for rare events like death, we compute minimum detectable effects (MDEs). Our MDE estimates suggest that, if an impact of later retirement on mortality would be detectable, it would remain very small in magnitude.

This study examines racial inequities and homelessness in the United States through mixed methods research in eight communities. We compare the race and ethnicity of those experiencing homelessness to the general population and to people in poverty, and we also explore how race and ethnicity are associated with housing outcomes. Interviews with 195 individuals of color explore pathways into homelessness and drivers of outcomes. We find that Black/African Americans and Native Americans were the most overrepresented among those experiencing homelessness in each community, and interview data suggest that factors associated with homelessness for people of color include barriers to housing and economic mobility, racism and discrimination within homeless services, and involvement in multiple systems, including criminal justice. How race and ethnicity were associated with outcomes varied for youth, single adults, and families. We argue that researchers and policy-makers need to address homelessness with attention to racial justice.

Recent political debate over transgender military service and gendered bathroom use highlights a dramatic increase in salience over transgender issues in the US. In this essay, we examine a potential new front in the culture wars by reviewing recent empirical research in social science on the politics of transgender rights in the context of morality politics. Research on morality politics has often focused on LGBT rights, with an emphasis on gay and lesbian rights and little attention to transgender issues. We highlight the progress of research on transgender issues in the US, focusing on the study of attitudes about transgender people and rights, transgender rights in states and localities, and broader findings affecting transgender populations. Although there is ample research still needed, the current state of empirical social science on transgender issues has made great advancements in the past decade and shows that morality continues to shape LGBT politics and policy.

The indigenous book publishing business for Sundanese-speaking communities started in the early 20th century, when the nationalist movement was set in motion. The modern school system had continued to spread in colonial society from the mid–19th century. The more education spread, the more literate people there were among the indigenous population. The indigenous book publishing business responded to the demands of this newly-emerging readership. Book publishing finally turned into a business by the 1920s. It seems to have provided distinctive readings from those provided by Balai Poestaka. The indigenous publishers played a supplemental role in nurturing print culture in the colonial context. Both government and private indigenous publishers contributed to promote modern readership and a colonial print culture. The book publishing and print culture in regional languages like Sundanese were nurtured in the colonial period and grew to constitute a medium to decolonize knowledge and knowledge culture.

This article seeks to establish whether the British and Swiss objections to the new European external governance reveal an increasing intransigence on the part of the EU. The question arises because, almost for the first time in history, the EU schemes to manage its neighbourhood are facing serious setbacks. This analysis shows, however, that the failures of the EU proposals for a "deal" with the United Kingdom and for an institutional agreement with Switzerland are not the result of an increase in the EU intransigence. The detailed study of the two agreements with London and Bern demonstrates that they do not contain any real new requirements compared to the previous agreements concluded by the EU. Thus, the British and Swiss reluctances stem mainly from the specificities of these two countries and the perception by a large part of their populations that they can resist pressure from the EU.

Abstract Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are important for contributing to the physical and mental health of humans, but they have been little studied in low-income populations. It is intended to understand the meaning of the "Entrenubes" Ecological Park (PEN) for visitors, through: 1) identifying the sociodemographic variables associated with the different ecosystem services and disservices; 2) Define how the relative importance of interactions with these variables differs between ES. A questionnaire was applied to 281 visitors. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), chi-squared test and ordinal logistic regression were performed between ES and visitor profile. 7 CES and 3 regulatory ones were identified. No significant associations were found between ES preferences, disservices and sociodemographic characteristics of the visitors. Recreation presented the highest average perception. Drug abuse was the predominant disservice. These results provide criteria for decision-making in urban green infrastructure planning.

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a lower middle income country, classified by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as both a fragile and conflict-affected situation and a small island developing state. The economy of PNG is small, open, and export-oriented. Mineral products (including oil, gas, liquid natural gas, gold, and copper) account for roughly 84% of all exports, with agriculture, forestry, and marine products contributing the other 16%. The economy is estimated to have contracted by at least 2.9% in 2020, largely due to the impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. ADB has been working with PNG since 1971 and is the country's largest multilateral development partner. ADB's recent engagement has focused on key development challenges, including weak governance and institutions, a large infrastructure deficit, and poor service delivery (especially in rural areas, where more than 80% of the population resides).

The report emphasises the importance of enhancing the efficiency of social protection programmes in Bangladesh to attain the SDGs, particularly to meet the needs of the 'left behind' population. In 2016, about 65.6 per cent of the social protection programme participants in the country belonged to the non-poor category. Taking cue from field level evidence on implementation of five major social protection programmes in four North-West districts of the country, the study recommends targeted reforms at both national and programme specific levels. The study suggests ways to improve existing monitoring and evaluation systems and raising the efficacy of the grievance redress mechanism, and argues for creation of a comprehensive database of potential beneficiaries. The study concludes that active participation of the grassroots organisations in various stages of the implementation process will significantly enhance the overall efficiency in the delivery of social protection programmes in Bangladesh.