Suchergebnisse

"Die soziologische Theorie hat in einer historisch plausiblen 'antiästhetischen und antitechnischen Haltung' (W. Eßbach) zwei Dimensionen des Sozialen aus ihrer Handlungstheorie entfernt, die sich für eine soziologische Analyse der Architektur der modernen Gesellschaft als zentral erweisen könnten. Zum einen handelt es sich um Artefakte, um die vielfältigen Dinge, die als hybride 'Quasi-Subjekte' (Latour) fungieren. Die soziologische Theorie hat keinen Begriff, der die suggestiven Wirkungen der Materialität der Architektur, ihre Positivität zu analysieren erlaubte. Wenn Architektur als 'Anzeiger gesellschaftlicher Strukturen', als 'symbolische Verkörperung' des Sozialen, als 'soziale Morphologie' angesprochen wird, ist sie als dem Sozialen nachhinkend konzipiert. Sie wird soziologisch nicht in ihrem zuweilen zwingenden Charakter ansprechbar, in ihren vorgängigen Möglichkeitsräumen für Bewegung, Interaktion, Wahrnehmung und Denken, den suggestiven Effekten eines körperräumlichen, nonverbalen Mediums des Sozialen. Zum anderen hat die soziologische Theorie das kreative Handeln vergessen: neben dem zweck- und wertrationalen, affektuellen und traditionalen Handeln bezeichnet dies eine Handlungsdisposition, die der Kontingenzkultur, dem gewachsenen Möglichkeitsraum der Moderne spezifisch entspricht, von besonderen Gruppen kultiviert wird und den konstruktivistischen und produktivistischen Charakter der urbanen Gesellschaft ermöglicht und vorantreibt. Architekten sind in ihrer zur massenwirksamen Avantgardepraxis avancierten Disziplin mindestens in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wesentliche Träger dieser Disposition. Sie begreifen sich entsprechend als Gesellschaftsdemiurgen, in ausgesprochen anti-traditionaler, kreativistischer Haltung. Mit der gesellschaftlichen Funktion dieses Selbstverständnisses einer Intellektuellengruppe ist auch die Funktion architektonischer Utopien für die moderne Vergesellschaftung bisher kaum reflektiert. Soll das Phänomen Architektur in seiner Komplexität und Relevanz soziologisch fruchtbar werden, ist die soziologische Theorie in beiden Hinsichten zu ergänzen. Der Beitrag versucht, die 'Soziologie der Artefakte' um die (Kunst und Technik synthetisierende) Architektur zu erweitern und dabei die lebensphilosophische Denkfigur des 'Schöpferischen' einzusetzen. Es geht um das soziologisch keineswegs uninteressante Potential von Architektur, Gesellschaft zu gestalten." (Autorenreferat)

The paper discusses possible system architectures and corresponding deployment models for an IoT-based platform for increasing energy efficiency of end-users and facilitating change in their behaviour in this regard. The main objective is to provide for a flexible and modular architecture able to integrate IoT based monitoring and actuating devices with advance energy services. A brief overview of the most prominent middleware-based architectures capable of providing integration of heterogeneous hardware and software components is followed by the proposed system architecture and deployment model. Finally, a proposal for implementation of architecture building blocks is given through state-of-the art open source solutions. The research presented in this paper is partly financed by the European Union (H2020 InBetween project, Pr. No.: 768776), and partly by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia (SOFIA project, Pr. No.: TR-32010).

Computer simulations have many application areas ranging from physics and chemistry research, biomedical engineering and weather forecast to military training and the preparation for missions in hazardous environments. Distributed simulations that involve humans-in-the-loop are typically applied for training and preparation of large, often international, military operations. The need for standardisation is clear from this observation. No wonder the military world, especially the United States Department of Defence, is the driving force behind the development of standards and technologies for distributed simulations, which resulted in the High Level Architecture. HLA is widely applied and is in the process of becoming an IEEE standard.

This policy contribution describes the institutional flaws of the single currency revealed by the euro crisis and the institutional reforms that were put in place during and in the aftermath the crisis, and evaluates the remaining fragilities of the architecture of the European monetary union. In order to achieve a more resilient monetary union in Europe, we propose: 1) to form a 'financing union' through the completion of the banking union and the promotion of an ambitious capital markets union to provide private risk sharing between the countries of the monetary union; and 2) to improve the defective macroeconomic policy framework to avoid a repeat of the mistakes of recent years. The latter involves: reforming the European Stability Mechanism / Outright Monetary Transactions framework to clarify its functions and improve its governance system, reforming the European fiscal rules to make them more effective to achieve the two desirable objectives of sustainability and stabilisation, and creating a small-scale euro-area stabilisation tool to provide public risk sharing in case of significant shocks that members of the monetary union cannot deal with alone and to help manage the euro-area aggregate fiscal stance. A promising option to carry out these tasks would be to establish a European Unemployment Insurance Scheme. To ensure the democratic legitimacy of this overhauled euro-area governance framework, a European Fiscal Governing Council composed of six executive board members - including a euro-area finance minister - and of the finance ministers of the euro-area countries, would oversee the whole system and exercise the necessary discretion, while being accountable to the European Parliament in euro-area format.

We describe a high-assurance framework for networked clients and servers. Called Roundhouse consists of the following elements: (1) Pinkerton, a comprehensive model for the implementation of distributed protection domains that provide for robust protection in a networked environment; (2) Iron Horse: Functional and security design of a kernelized host providing essential ring-based protection, packet authentication, and cryptography services for higher layers. (3) DEPOT: Specification, design, and prototype implementation on a PC base of the framework and initial content of dynamically modifiable servers. The intent is that DEPOT clients and servers would take advantage of platform protected modes where available (e.g., Windows NT, Iron Horse) leading to client-server computing in a network of heterogeneously trusted hosts. As a general facility for installing and managing application "hooks" DEPOT incorporates the following key new ideas: (1) the division of sets of hooks by module, (2) the partial ordering of modules, (3) binding hooks to network names, and (4) provision of a run-time model of module behavior with a visible state machine model that abstracts and externalizes the dynamic behavior of that module. The architecture is unique as it composes strong and weak systems securely and permits the dynamic retooling of executing software. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

International audience ; Discussing results of our joint project that examines the complexinteractions among intergovernmental organizations and othertransnational institutions and nonstate actors in the global Internetgovernance ecosystem, this study highlights themes related to thechanging architecture and roles of international organizations from WSIS(World Summit on the Information Society) until NetMundial. Attention ispaid to old and new categories of organizations that emerged in thiscontext; and how they have been recognized as stakeholders in theprocess. These organizations form a network, set in an environmentalcontext, thus constituting the interorganizational infrastructure for internetgovernance today. Additionally, tracing knowledge flows and powerdifferentials over time among the different stakeholder organizations helpsto illustrate a major finding, the pro-active role of the internationalorganizations studied here in the messy, complex, and cross-nationalinternet governance ecosystem, shaped by and, at the same time, shapingthe technical infrastructure.

International audience ; Discussing results of our joint project that examines the complexinteractions among intergovernmental organizations and othertransnational institutions and nonstate actors in the global Internetgovernance ecosystem, this study highlights themes related to thechanging architecture and roles of international organizations from WSIS(World Summit on the Information Society) until NetMundial. Attention ispaid to old and new categories of organizations that emerged in thiscontext; and how they have been recognized as stakeholders in theprocess. These organizations form a network, set in an environmentalcontext, thus constituting the interorganizational infrastructure for internetgovernance today. Additionally, tracing knowledge flows and powerdifferentials over time among the different stakeholder organizations helpsto illustrate a major finding, the pro-active role of the internationalorganizations studied here in the messy, complex, and cross-nationalinternet governance ecosystem, shaped by and, at the same time, shapingthe technical infrastructure.

In Site-writing: The Architecture of Art Criticism Professor Jane Rendell explores what happens when discussions concerning situatedness and site-specificity enter the writing of art criticism. The sites explored in the book are the material, emotional, political and conceptual settings of the artwork's construction, exhibition and documentation, as well as those remembered, dreamed and imagined. Through five different spatial configurations - both psychic and architectural - "Site-Writing" explores artworks by artists as diverse as Jananne Al-Ani, Elina Brotherus, Nathan Coley, Tracey Emin, Christina Iglesias and Do-Ho Suh, aiming to adapt such psychoanalytic ways of working as free association and conjectural interpretation to art criticism. Works by Al-Ani referred to in the second chapter, Configuration 2 - Back and Forth, include The Visit: Echo and Muse (2004), Untitled (2002) and She Said (2000)

International audience ; The paper proposes a formal semantics for traceability relations in enterprise architecture. The proposed semantics requires that traceability relations should be simulation preorders, a requirement on abstraction relations widely used in program verification. The effectiveness of the proposed semantics is illustrated on a well-known enterprise architecture model from the military domain.

Los edificios y monumentos se encuentran entre las obras de arte más importantes. Pero la concepción de las artes que surgió en el siglo XVIII y permaneció como la ortodoxia en la filosofía durante aproximadamente dos siglos excluye la arquitectura de las bellas artes, o la relega a las artes intermedias o decorativas. El presente ensayo aborda este enigma, evalúa la verdad en ciertas doctrinas formalistas sobre la arquitectura, y avanza la opinión de que las obras de arte son unidades orgánicas, es decir, conjuntos integrados de soluciones a diversos problemas, algunos estéticos y otros técnicos, matemáticos, teológicos, políticos, etc. ; Buildings and monuments are among the most important works of art. But the conception of the arts that emerged in the 18th century, and remained the orthodoxy in philosophy for about two centuries, either excludes architecture from the fine arts or relegates it to the intermediate or decorative arts. This essay addresses this puzzle, assesses the truth in certain formalist doctrines about architecture, and advances the view that works of art are organic unities, i.e. integrated sets of solutions to various problems, some aesthetic and others technical, mathematical, theological, political, etc.

International audience ; Discussing results of our joint project that examines the complex interactions among intergovernmental organizations and other transnational institutions and nonstate actors in the global Internet governance ecosystem, this study highlights themes related to the changing architecture and roles of international organizations from WSIS (World Summit on the Information Society) until NetMundial. Attention is paid to old and new categories of organizations that emerged in this context; and how they have been recognized as stakeholders in the process. These organizations form a network, set in an environmental context, thus constituting the interorganizational infrastructure for internet governance today. Additionally, tracing knowledge flows and power differentials over time among the different stakeholder organizations helps to illustrate a major finding, the pro-active role of the international organizations studied here in the messy, complex, and cross-national internet governance ecosystem, shaped by and, at the same time, shaping the technical infrastructure.

International audience ; Discussing results of our joint project that examines the complex interactions among intergovernmental organizations and other transnational institutions and nonstate actors in the global Internet governance ecosystem, this study highlights themes related to the changing architecture and roles of international organizations from WSIS (World Summit on the Information Society) until NetMundial. Attention is paid to old and new categories of organizations that emerged in this context; and how they have been recognized as stakeholders in the process. These organizations form a network, set in an environmental context, thus constituting the interorganizational infrastructure for internet governance today. Additionally, tracing knowledge flows and power differentials over time among the different stakeholder organizations helps to illustrate a major finding, the pro-active role of the international organizations studied here in the messy, complex, and cross-national internet governance ecosystem, shaped by and, at the same time, shaping the technical infrastructure.

Para la arquitectura, la década de los sesenta y siguientes quedó como el momento de grandes acontecimientos que tuvieron la intención de cambiar los paradigmas sociales, políticos, económicos e ideológicos dominantes en sociedades industrializadas y desarrolladas. Movimientos y corrientes contraculturales que se añadieron al extenso y complejo panorama ideológico que Charles Jencks representó en su gráfico en el año 1971. Con el paso del tiempo, el cambio de milenio y la consolidación de una arquitectura global, dejaron de expresar acciones o pensamientos colectivos, para ser sustituidos por nombres propios de arquitectos o de las principales empresas productoras de la arquitectura. El texto de este artículo reflexiona críticamente sobre esta cuestión y aprovecha la capacidad de determinadas ideas que sugieren investigaciones actuales publicadas en este número, para proponer un entramado cultural que transitaría al margen de las arquitecturas representativas del pensamiento global. ; For architecture, the Sixties and following decades were times of great events that had the intention of changing the social, political, economic and ideological paradigms dominant in industrialized and developed societies. Countercultural movements and currents were added to the extensive and complex ideological panorama that Charles Jencks represented in his flowchart in 1971. With the passage of time, the change of millennium and the consolidation of a global architecture, ceased to express collective actions or thoughts, being replaced by the names of the architects themselves, or the main companies producing the architecture. The text of this article reflects critically on this question and takes advantage of the capacity of certain ideas that current research evokes, to propose a cultural framework that would move to the margin of the architecture representative of global thought.

Introduction /Ron Huisken --Developing East Asia's Security Architecture: An Australian perspective on ASEAN processes /Brendan Taylor --The ASEAN Power /Zhai Kun --The SCO's Success in Security Architecture /Pan Guang --Shifting Tides: China and North Korea /Zhu Feng --'The Six-Party Talks Process: Towards an Asian Concert?' /Robert Ayson --The US Role in the Future Security Architecture for East Asia /Ron Huisken --The Role of the United States in the Future Security Architecture for East Asia--from the Perspective of China-US Military-to-Military Interaction /Lu Dehong --Potential Strategic Risks in China-US Relations /Yuan Peng --Changes in China-Japan Relations and East Asian Security /Zhang Tuosheng.