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DOI de l'ouvrage : 10.1332/policypress/9781447324218.003.0001 ; International audience ; The subject of the present chapter attempts to 'deconstruct' the French territorial question and demonstrate that territorial policy analysis can break free from the limitations imposed by the primarily 'statist' conceptual framework in which it has hitherto been viewed. In the first section of the chapter, we indicate the scale and nature of the present political and administrative territorial structures and comment also on the paucity of academic research work on this subject. In the second section, we highlight the main changes in the territorial framework of policy building, through an evolution from vertical to horizontal dialectic of powers and capacities. In the third section we discuss territorialisation, as the results of a double process. On the one hand, the role of ideas in territorial policy building; on the other hand, the dynamics of differentiation that put the French model into question. Thus, focusing on policy analysis in French local policies – in a global comparative perspective – sheds light on the huge challenge it causes for the coherence of 'national models'. As in other countries, local policies in the French context are simultaneously influenced by globalisation and decentralisation, opening new scenes for vertical and horizontal interactions toward the provision of public goods and service.

Rozważania prowadzone w artykule koncentrują się wokół roli samorządu terytorialnego w dwóch istotnych sferach działania państwa typu welfare state – w zapewnieniu dostępu do edukacji oraz w ochronie zdrowia. Autorzy charakteryzują sytuację w Polsce po wygranych w 2015 roku przez Prawo i Sprawiedliwość wyborach parlamentarnych. W pierwszej części opracowania analizie poddano reformy podjęte w systemie oświaty i ich konsekwencje dla samorządu terytorialnego, w tym przede wszystkim podwyższenie wieku obowiązkowej edukacji, a także zmianę ustroju szkolnego. Druga część zawiera natomiast opis planowanych oraz wdrożonych zmian w ochronie zdrowia.

The article deals with the evolution of approaches to the problem of "government failures". This trend of modern economic theory, which has arisen in opposition to the concepts of "market failures" can be seen as a search for a new strategy of political and economic analysis of the resource allocation mechanisms, as well as historical social institutions and their effect on the efficiency of economic processes. Special attention is paid to the problem of information retrieval, ways of funding the state, the impact of rent‑seeking behavior, the role of the political process, negative externalities as a result of the lack of coordination, and of the overall presence of the state in the economy. Interdisciplinary approach to "government failures" takes into account the influence of legal rules and institutions on the nature of allocation of public resources, as illustrated by the examples of modern Russian economy.

Government policy and organizational factors influence family-focused practice (FFP) in adult mental health services. However, how these aspects shape psychiatric nurses' practice with parents who have mental illness, their dependent children, and families is less well understood. Drawing on the findings of a qualitative study, this article explores the way in which Irish policy and organizational factors might influence psychiatric nurses' FFP, and whether (and how) FFP might be further promoted. A purposive sample of 14 psychiatric nurses from eight mental health services completed semi-structured interviews. The analysis was inductive and presented as thematic networks. Both groups described how policies and organizational culture enabled and/or hindered FFP, with differences between community and acute participants seen. This study indicates a need for policies and organizational supports, including child and family skills training, to promote a whole family approach in adult mental health services.