Suchergebnisse

This article concerns how globalization and the aging of the world's population are affecting the already complex issue of intergenerational transnational caregiving. Globalization has caused an increase in workforce mobility with large numbers of individuals seeking employment overseas. This, coupled with increased longevity globally, has resulted in many workers leaving their elderly parents in need of care in their home countries. This has spawned caregiving across national borders, or caring for family relations across nations. Currently in the United States, not enough emphasis is given to family caregiving. Data compiled by AARP and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate the economic value for this group of family caregivers in 2007 to be $375 billion, accounting for 34–52 million family caregivers per given year. This does not include those families who are transnational caregivers. The seminal work in this emerging field has been done by social anthropologists Loretta Baldassar, Cora Velekoop Baldock, and Raelene Wilding, who have defined the components of transnational caregiving based on an ethnographic study using qualitative data to study nine immigrant communities in Western Australia. Although their research focused on caregiving from a distance, additional work has been added to the discussion by introducing the element of "care drain" and further cultural perspectives. Therefore, this research is an exploratory study on intergenerational transnational caregiving within the context of the changing world and its demographics. Within the context of globalization and global aging, the following questions are addressed: What is the significance of family caregiving? What is a transnational? How has technology changed "transnationalism" today? What are the elements that comprise transnational caregiving? How does culture play a role in transnational caregiving? What are some of the national initiatives undertaken by governments to aid in workforce issues and recognition of caregiving organizations? By exploring these questions, it is hoped that there will be a better understanding of transnational caregiving and its relevance in all societies.

Seit den frühen 1970er Jahren beobachten die Standard & Spezial Eurobarometer der Europäischen Kommission regelmäßig die öffentliche Meinung in den Mitgliedsländern der Europäischen Union. Primärforscher sind die Generaldirektion Kommunikation und bei Spezialthemen weitere Direktionen sowie das Europäische Parlament. Im Laufe der Zeit wurden Kandidaten- und Beitrittsländer in die Standard Eurobarometer-Reihe aufgenommen. Ausgewählte Fragen oder Module können in einigen Samples nicht erhoben worden sein. Bitte ziehen Sie für weitere Informationen bezüglich Länderfilter oder anderer Filterführungen den Basisfragebogen heran. In dieser Studie sind folgende Module vorhanden: 1. Fairness, Ungleichheit und intergenerationale Mobilität, 2. Sport und körperliche Aktivität, 3. EU-Bürger, Landwirtschaft und die GAP.

ZusammenfassungRund ein Viertel der Sekundarstufe-I-Absolventen in Deutschland erwirbt bis zum 25. Lebensjahr keinen beruflichen Abschluss. Diese Gruppe der formal Geringqualifizierten weist ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko auf, erwerbslos zu sein, ein niedriges Einkommen zu beziehen oder eine prekäre Erwerbstätigkeit auszuüben. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Faktoren formal Geringqualifizierte motivieren, ab dem 25. Lebensjahr noch eine berufliche Erstausbildung aufzunehmen. Zur Begründung nachholender Bildungsentscheidungen wird einerseits auf Theorien sozialer Herkunft und andererseits auf individuelle Lebensverlaufsereignisse (Bildungs- und Erwerbsverlauf sowie Migration) Bezug genommen. Unter Verwendung von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanel (NEPS SC6:7.0.0) belegen Logit-Regressionen, dass formal Geringqualifizierte aus bildungsnahen Elternhäusern mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit ab dem Alter von 25 Jahren noch eine erste berufliche Ausbildung aufnehmen als formal Geringqualifizierte anderer Herkunftsgruppen. Während der individuelle Bildungsverlauf einen schwachen Einfluss auf verspätete Bildungsentscheidungen ausübt, erweist sich der individuelle Erwerbsverlauf bis zur Bildungsentscheidung als äußerst relevant. Langzeitarbeitslose und formal Geringqualifizierte, die sich am Arbeitsmarkt etabliert haben (d. h. Personen mit hoher Erwerbserfahrung und Betriebszugehörigkeit), haben eine geringe Neigung, verspätet in berufliche Bildung zu investieren. Bei Personen mit Migrationshintergrund kommt insbesondere dem Alter beim Zuzug nach Deutschland Bedeutung zu. Insgesamt verweisen die Befunde auf ein beachtliches Potenzial für die berufliche Bildung in Deutschland, das bislang zu wenig ausgeschöpft wird.

This book dissects the reproductive intentions and behaviours of the one-child generation cohort in China, situated in the wider context of changing family life patterns and gendered lenses. Demonstrating that the one-child family is still favoured by the one-child generation, this book uncovers the socioeconomic dimensions and mechanisms of family relations underlying young people's decision-making processes. It also incorporates individual considerations and experiences of childbearing from over 50 interviews to contribute to the development of China's social policy. Whereas men's childbearing beliefs were relatively unexplored in the literature, the author included male interviewees to better reflect gender differences in relation to childbearing, employment and family. Analysing the relationship between life routine and the desire (or lack thereof) to increase China's population, the author argues that the current childbearing policy fails to accommodate the needs and demands of young people, thus limiting the uptake of China's new policy. Shibei Ni is an assistant professor in the Department of Demography, Research Institute of Social Development at the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China. Her research interest focuses on reproduction, family practice, intergenerational relations and gender. For her PhD research she was awarded the Research Mobility Program Award by World University Network (WUN)

This open access volume identifies the common and specific aspects of social mechanisms that generate inequalities, through comparative analyses of different dimensions in which inequalities are expressed. It includes studies on social inequalities in 5 European and 5 Latin American countries, along 11 thematic axes: inequalities in the labour market and labour trajectories; asymmetries in the relationship between training and employment; inequalities in work and family life; educational inequalities; geographical and social inequalities: ethnicity and language; social inequalities, migration and space; uncertainty, strategies, resources and capabilities; inequality of opportunity: intergenerational social mobility; social policies; gender inequalities; and research methodology. This volume is the result of a large collaborative project on social inequality funded by the European Commission: the International Network for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities. Taking into account diverse perspectives and approximations, the collaborators have created a general analytical framework as a model of analysis of social inequalities. The various contributions in this volume help readers gain a global outlook and help reflect on social inequalities in a comparative perspective. This volume addresses social science graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, social policy makers, as well as a broader academic audience interested in social inequality.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- SECTION I: CORE DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES -- CHAPTER 1: Aging and Social Change: Toward an Interdisciplinary Research Agenda -- CHAPTER 2: Psychology's Contributions to Gerontology -- CHAPTER 3: A Social Psychology of the Life Cycle: Interdisciplinary Social Policies, Perceptions, and Prospects -- CHAPTER 4: Clinical and Health Services Delivery Research -- SECTION II: KEY SUBSTANTIVE ISSUES -- CHAPTER 5: Diversity As a Catalyst for Change -- CHAPTER 6: Intergenerational Relationships and Aging: Families, Cohorts, and Social Change -- CHAPTER 7: Interdisciplinary Health Care in the Twenty-First Century: Fantasy or Fundamental? -- CHAPTER 8: Organizing Chronic Care: The Value of Organization Theory to Gerontology -- CHAPTER 9: Nursing Homes and the Long-Term Care Market -- SECTION III: PATIENT CARE CONCERNS -- CHAPTER 10: Perspectives on Aging: Progress and Priorities for Age-Related Cancers -- CHAPTER 11: Caring for Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Issues of Verbal Communication and Social Interaction -- CHAPTER 12: The Geriatric Medical Encounter -- CHAPTER 13: Treatment of Urinary Incontinence: Current Status and Future Directions -- CHAPTER 14: Mobility Impairment and Its Consequences in the Elderly -- CHAPTER 15: Closing Comment: Barriers To and Potential For an Interdisciplinary Research Agenda in Aging -- Contributors -- Index

"Somewhere between global and local, the nation still lingers as a concept. National art histories continue to be written--some for the first time--while innovative methods and practices redraw the boundaries of these imagined communities. Narratives Unfolding considers the mobility of ideas, transnationalism, and entangled histories in essays that define new ways to see national art in ever-changing nations. Examining works that were designed to reclaim or rethink issues of territory and dispossession, home and exile, contributors to this volume demonstrate that the writing of national art histories is a vital project for intergenerational exchange of knowledge and its visual formations. Essays showcase revealing moments of modern and contemporary art history in Canada, Egypt, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel/Palestine, Romania, Scotland, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates, paying particular attention to the agency of institutions such as archives, art galleries, milestone exhibitions, and artist retreats. Old and emergent art cities, including Cairo, Dubai, New York, and Vancouver, are also examined in light of avant-gardism, cosmopolitanism, and migration. Narratives Unfolding is both a survey of current art historical approaches and their connection to the source: art-making and art experience happening somewhere."--

The paper extends the scope of social mobility research to family processes and family cohesion. The analysis aims to detect how various objective and subjective parental features influence subjective well-being (SWB) of adolescents in a dataset of 852 Hungarian families with 12–16-year-old children. SWB was operationalized by 14 comparable items on satisfaction with different domains of life, for both generations. The dependent variable is an aggregate SWB index, based on adolescents' evaluations and OLS regression method is applied to uncover the association between parental well-being and children's satisfaction. For a better understanding of this intergenerational process, we also control for parental education and material situation. The statistical model reflects gender, age and regional variation, as well. Results reveal a strong relationship between children's and parents' subjective well-being. Parental satisfaction with life and family- and work relations particularly affect offspring's aggregate well-being. Material situation in the family matters more than parental education in the whole process. There is more variation in the results by the age of the adolescents than by gender. Findings reflect the importance of familial aspects and call attention to the relevance of soft, less intentional forms of status transmission.

We study the impact of the "Fridays for Future" climate protest movement in Germany on citizen political behavior and explore possible mechanisms. Over the course of 2019, large crowds of young protesters, most below voting age, skipped school to demonstrate for rapid and far-reaching measures to mitigate climate change. Based on cell phone-based mobility data and hand-collected information on almost 4,000 climate protests, we first construct a novel county ×rally-specific measure of protest participation, allowing us to map out how engagement in the climate movement evolved spatially and temporally. Then, using a variety of empirical strategies to address the issue of nonrandom protest participation, we show that the local strength of the climate movement led to more Green Party votes in state-level and national-level elections during 2019 and thereafter. We provide evidence suggesting that three mechanisms were simultaneously at play: reverse intergenerational transmission of pro-environmental attitudes from children to parents, stronger climate-related social media presence by Green Party politicians, and increased coverage of environmental issues in local media. Together our results suggest that environmental protests by those too young to vote provides some of the impetus needed to push society towards overcoming the climate trap.

The current cross-sectional study is on the pathetic and excruciating conditions of employees in the brick industry conducted using a mixed-method approach in selected kilns from the four Districts of Karnataka State, South India. India is the country producing the highest number of bricks after China. Economic coercion is pushing the massive poor, especially the women labourers to engage in hard physical labour to survive. This study has explored that labourers in the brick industry are being exploited and excluded in voluminous ways. Caste plays a predominant role while hiring, wage fixation, and assigning the job at kilns. Women labour is being devalued in the name of the traditional and irrational social construction of gender. Sexual exploitations, low payment, restless work, harassment, absence of labour laws, are common here. It is found that rigid intergenerational occupational mobility into unorganised sectors among lower-caste people, as well as intra/intra-community social networks, among brick workers, are being called into question. We conclude that this is the time to think about the 'National Register of Interstate Migrants' and 'National Mission to the Brick Industry' in the context of the post-economic situation of COVID-19.

AbstractLimited uptake of financial incentives, designed to confront global trends of an ageing farming population and low levels of land mobility, reveal resistance or at best ambivalence, amongst farmers towards altering existing farm management and ownership structures in later life. To uncover facets governing the mindset, disposition and practices of older farmers towards succession and retirement, this study draws on Bourdieu's notion of habitus. A multi‐method triangulation methodology is employed to obtain in‐depth understandings of the senior generation's deeply embedded views, and the changes they perceive will occur upon their engagement in the process. Findings reveal that the attitudes and behaviour required to 'step aside' and retire from farming not only 'go against the grain' of the older farmers' habitus, appearing to be instinctively 'wrong', they also appear incompatible with what is necessary to earn recognition as a 'good farmer'. The article concludes by recommending that a shift in thinking towards succession and retirement must be confronted at an earlier life stage in order to inculcate a new farming habitus. In doing this, long‐term resolutions through generating a regularised, accepted and well‐regarded practice of intergenerational farm transfer within the farming community would be promoted.

Widening participation (WP) in Higher Education (HE) is often positioned as key to resolving social inequality; it underpins arguments that increasing levels of education lead to reduced levels of poverty. Located within the tension of duty and need, WP is positioned as both the responsibility of the University and a financial imperative. This paper considers the student experience of this tension, specifically the contradictions between discourses of equality and diversity and neoliberal conceptualisations of HE as market. Drawing upon qualitative research conducted during the closure of a WP satellite campus, the paper explores the consequences of the withdrawal of HE provision for 'local' students. Utilising focus group methodologies to develop an approach for 'thinking with' seven WP students, the paper explores the material, social and affective contexts within which students experience university in their 'hometown'. Foregrounding participants' critical understanding of their 'place' within a marketised HE sector, we consider the formation of student identity as a site of struggles for value. We argue, the closure of satellite campuses must be understood within the context of deepening social-spatial inequalities. Developing a critique of individualised constructions of 'social mobility', we outline an alternative imaginary of HE as an intergenerational community resource.

AbstractThis article is an examination of the (re)‐production of poverty and marginality among former manorial servants and their descendants in a Hungarian manorial village. Manorial servants were a large subgroup of the agrarian proletariat in interwar Hungary; their long‐term, rural poverty – sometimes conceptualised as 'traditional' – has been aggravated by territorial stigmatisation and represents a specific case even within the context of rural poverty. However, the manorial settlement examined here (now the village of 'Longfield') is an extreme case given that a highly successful large‐scale farm has remained in the locality despite a long series of social, political, and economic changes. The presence of this farm influenced both this locality's developmental path and its room for economic manoeuvring, as well as local people's living strategies and life chances. The empirical basis for this analysis is a collection of 34 family‐history interviews conducted in 'Longfield'. This article encompasses the continuities and discontinuities both in people's narratives and in social and economic structures, and is thus an investigation of the dynamic relationships between and among lived poverty, perceptions of territorial stigmatisation which shape local living strategies, and intra‐ and intergenerational patterns of social and spatial (im)mobility.

This volume was prepared by Jens Ruhose while he was working at the Ifo Institute. It was completed in December 2014 and accepted as a doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of Munich. It includes four self-contained chapters that contribute to the understanding of the performance of migrants in the host society and the impact of migrants on the citizens of these societies. Given a large increase in the migrant population of many developed countries in recent decades, it is important to know both how migrants integrate into the host countries and how immigration affects natives. - The introduction in Chapter 1 of the volume summarizes three studies of the author that deal with explanations for migrant selection and the importance of migrant selection to labor force quality. Chapter 2 quantifies non-pecuniary migration costs that are incurred due to selective migration along cultural traits. Chapter 3 discusses whether early performance-based tracking of children into different school types impede migrant integration. Chapters 4 and 5 cover the effect of immigration on the host societies by showing that growing up in high immigration area increases intergenerational income mobility among natives and by showing that immigration may, under specific circumstances, increase crime.

Poverty analysis in developing countries including Pakistan
has in general focused on poverty trends based on cross-sectional
datasets, with very little attention being paid to dynamics—of
transitory or chronic poverty. Transitory poor are those who move out or
fall into poverty between two or more points of time whereas the chronic
poor remain in the poverty trap for a significant period of their lives.
The static measures of households' standard of living do not necessarily
provide a good insight into their likely stability over time. For
instance, a high mobility into or out of poverty may suggest that a
higher proportion of a population experiences poverty over time than
what the cross-sectional data might show. 1 It also implies that a much
smaller proportion of the population experiences chronic poverty
contrary to the results of cross-sectional datasets in a particular year
[Hossain and Bayes (2010)]. Thus, the analysis of poverty dynamics is
important to uncover the true nature of wellbeing of population. Both
the micro and macro level socio-demographic and economic factors are
likely to affect poverty movements and intergenerational poverty
transmission [Krishna (2011)].