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Erstens: We need other geopolitical concepts. China's increasing economic importance in the world (cf.. Innocence 2013), beginning with the reforms since 1978, often evokes the idea when Western observers in the media and the scientific community that there is also a world power, is if not the global superpower, ascending, China's leaders themselves, however assigns the country is still a developing country and is politically the Group of 77 closer than the G20. In addition, Beijing seeks a multi-polar world with strengthened United Nations. For China, Europe is under German leadership of one of these centers. The others are Russia and the United States, whereas the situation is not so clear in Africa, South America and the Middle East. For Asia, it is understood for Beijing saying that China's central role is ready to take over (Pilny 2006). Adapted from the source document.

Although German government officials have denied the existence of discrimination against ethnic minorities, a 1997 Amnesty International report & the repudiation of several compacts with various Third World nations are cited as confirmation of racism. A historical overview of immigration discusses reliance on Third World immigration to perpetuate West Germany's economic explosion during the 1960s & the subsequent adoption of legislation to constrain immigration during the 1980s & 1990s. East & West Germany's similar treatment of "guest workers" & Germany's perception of alien residents as security threats are discussed. Even though female immigrants are harmed more by cultural constraints initiated by male immigrants, it is contended that Germany's racial discrimination augmented the difficulties experienced by immigrant women. The escalation of mob violence against individuals seeking asylum & other immigrants since the mid-1990s is deemed the product of discriminatory government policy. J. W. Parker

Spontaneity versus Formalization in East Europe. Some Problems of Bureaucratization under State Socialism.
Intermixing of organizational structures in the Soviet state socialism, dependence of the bureaucratic structure on the Party policy shifts, the ambiguous role of legality, the important role of laymen, as well as the relative shortage of skilled clerks and of the appropriate equipment, all these factors limit the scope and the depth of bureaucratization (in the Weberian sense) in Eastern European societies. Spontaneity must enter the scene when the formalization is inconsistent or even contradictory. The major characteristics of industrial society: growth of population and rising expectations, diffusion of power, highly developed division of labour, task-concentration, universalism of legal provisions, high authority of the state, standardization and neutralization of human relations based en achievement, and urbanism, are consciously promoted in Eastern Europe and they contribute to the growing tension between the Utopian model of a socio-moral unity, and the internal diversity of a developed society.
A far reaching formalization is usually particularly harmful when dealing with growth. The changes within the social structure of Eastern Europe exemplify the newly arising sources of spontaneity among people that are related to the growth of the system. The mass advancement contributes to the rising expectations. There appears among people, especially among those who are well educated, a vivid interest in confronting dogma with the reality. People look for better opportunities for themselves and create coalitions which exercise some pressures upon the rulers. New social ties become established and they modify the current model of social system. There is a lot of camouflage on the side of the ruling elite, as well as on the side of average citizens. Local elites try to outmaneouver the masses, but on the other hand the rank and file also develop some ability to outmaneouver the system. In such a situation, now very common all around Eastern Europe, with one possible exception of East Germany, it seems very difficult to establish a reliable and effective policy of reconciling formalization with spontaneity. Nobody really knows where the formalization ends, and where the spontaneity starts. Everything is so mixed-up in this respect that even the leaders are misinformed.
The contradictions within the existing system constantly feed various spontaneous behavioral patterns which develop under the cover of formalization. Managers of the enterprises must involve themselves into the extralegal activities just in order to satisfy demands of their own superiors, colleagues, and subordinates. Anxiety is far from being eliminated from the system, and at the same time the religion, which proved itself historically to be the best outlet of catharsis, is condemned or even entirely eliminated (the case of Albania). The system rejects the ideals of a consumer society, but at the same time it claims to challenge the USA exactly on terms of consumer values
The rational basis of the system has several obvious loopholes; for example the selection of leaders is far from being rationally regulated. The abolishment of exploitation has been claimed for years as the highest achievement, but continuity of the current system relies on oppression much more than on anything else. So far state socialism of the Eastern European style has not been able to establish an objectified order in which people would feel safe. Still too much depends on the whimsical and arbitrary decisions of rulers currently in power.

In 1934, the French left joined forces for the first time to form the Popular Front, a left-wing alliance whose credo was born of an antifascist imperative. The Moselle, located in the north-eastern corner of France, seemed likely to make an important contribution to the formation of this alliance. The département, which returned to French sovereignty in 1918 after 47 years of German domination, was one of France's most heavily-industrialized regions and counted a large working-class population in its steelworks and mines. As this study demonstrates, however, the Moselle's industrial workers took little part in left-wing social and political movements and massively supported the Catholic right and the far right during the interwar period. It was not until the national strike movement in June 1936 that they became involved in left-wing social and political activities. As this study argues, a series of key factors pertaining to the Moselle's distinct historical, linguistic and cultural context were decisive in shaping the political character of the département and preventing the Mosellan left from mobilizing the support of the working classes.

The problem of conquests and territorial expansion, including their interpretation, evaluation, and legitimisation, has been crucial for European national historiographies. Consequently, attempts by the Holy Roman emperors, particularly of the Saxon and Hohenstaufen dynasties, to control Italy and Burgundy were hotly debated among nineteenth-century German historians, while Poland's union with Lithuania, and the annexation of the vast territories of the east which followed, was a central topic for Polish historians of the time. Modern historians of historiography in both countries have carefully analysed these narratives, emphasising their ideological and political contexts, such as their involvement in the Grossdeutsch versus Kleindeutsch controversy and the controversy between the so-called Cracow and Warsaw historical schools. In this paper I propose a comparative analysis of these two discourses which dealt with analogical issues and, as I demonstrate, developed with a parallel dynamic. Such an analysis, I argue, allows an escape from the paradigm of national exceptionalism, and the discovery of what was typical or, perhaps, constitutive of the discourse on territorial expansion of the time, instead of focusing on the uniqueness of the national context. This analysis embraces the conceptualisation, argumentation, and rhetoric of those nineteenth-century German and Polish historians discussing the expansion of the medieval Holy Empire and early-modern Poland. Moreover, it locates their interpretations within an international context of a broader Western historiographical tradition, involving issues of domination, cultural transfer, and colonialism. Finally, it examines the parallel mechanism of searching for, advocating, and perpetuating the idea of uniqueness of national history. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Considers the morality of using big data in the political sphere, covering cases from the Snowden leaks to the Brexit referendumInvestigates theories and recommendations for how to align the modern political process with the exponential rise in the availability of digital informationOpens new avenues for thinking about the philosophy and morality of social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, in the context of political decision-makingSets out and objectively assesses the 'opacity' framework as an appropriate means of dealing with the challenges associated with big data and democracy What's wrong with targeted advertising in political campaigns? Should we be worried about echo chambers? How does data collection impact on trust in society? As decision-making becomes increasingly automated, how can decision-makers be held to account? This collection consider potential solutions to these challenges. It brings together original research on the philosophy of big data and democracy from leading international authors, with recent examples – including the 2016 Brexit Referendum, the Leveson Inquiry and the Edward Snowden leaks. And it asks whether an ethical compass is available or even feasible in an ever more digitised and monitored world.ContributorsRamón Alvarado, University of Oregon, USA. Thorsten Brønholt, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.David Douglas, University of Twente, Netherlands.Carl Fox, University of Leeds, UK. Jai Galliott, Australian Defence Force Academy, University of New South Wales, Australia. Phillip Garnett, University of York, UK. Stephanie Gauttier, University of Twente, Netherlands.Sarah Hughes, Durham University, UK. David Kinkead, University of Queensland, Australia.Wulf Loh, University of Stuttgart, Germany.Bjorn Lundgren, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.Kevin Macnish, University of Twente, Netherlands.John Macwillie, California State University, East Bay (CSUEB), USA.Steven Mckinlay, Wellington Institute of Technology, New Zealand.Kieron O'Hara, University of Southampton, UK. Joe Saunders, Durham University, UK. Tom Sorell, University of Warwick, UK.Harald Stelzer, University of Graz, Austria.Anne Suphan, Hohenheim University, Germany. Hristina Veljanova, University of Graz, Austria.Christopher Zirnig, Hohenheim University, Germany

An overview of the impact of organizational change on individuals and organizations : an introductory note / Maria Vakola, Athens University of Economics and Business, Paraskevas Petrou, Erasmus University Rotterdam -- Organizational change and employee functioning : investigating boundary conditions / Victoria Bellou, University of Thessaly, Greece, Despoina Xanthopoulou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Panagiotis Gkorezis, Hellenic Open University and Open University of Cyprus -- Change consultation during organizational restructuring : buffering and exacerbating effects in the context of role stress / Nerina L. Jimmieson and Michelle K. Tucker, Queensland University of Technology, Australia -- Individual and external coping resources as predictors of employees' change attitudes / Alannah E. Rafferty, University of New South Wales, Australia, Nerina L. Jimmieson, Queensland University of Technology, Australia -- Emotions and cognitions and change outcomes -- Feelings about change : the role of emotions and emotion regulation for employee adaptation to organizational change / Karen van Dam, Open University, The Netherlands -- How workers' appraisals of change influence employee outcomes / Professor Karina Nielsen , Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, UK -- Dynamics of trust and fairness during organizational change : implications for job crafting and work engagement / 8. Organizational Change: Implications for the Psychological Contract -- Maria Tomprou, Carnegie Mellon, US, Samantha D. Hansen, University of Toronto, Canada -- Measuring change recipients' reactions : the development and psychometric evaluation of the crre scale / Tsaousis Ioannis and Vakola Maria -- Organizational-level and team-level facilitators of change -- Destructive uncertainty : the toxic triangle, implicit theories and leadership identity during organizational change / Pedro Neves (Nova School of Business and Economics), Portugal, Birgit Schyns (Durham University), UK -- Organizational change and health : the specific role of job insecurity / Birgit Koper, Federal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Germany), Alexandra Michel, University of Heidelberg (Germany) -- Improving our understanding of collective attitudes towards change formation / Gavin Schwarz - University of New South Wales (Australia), Dave Bouckenooghe - Brock University (Canada)

Preface -- Part 1: Old Testament -- 1. Plurality of Theologies in Bible and Church Life - Erhard Gerstenberger, Marburg University, Germany -- 2. Yahweh and the Other Gods: Acceptance, Rejection, and Cognitive Care - Hans Jørgen Lundager Jensen, Aarhus University, Denmark -- 3. Inter-Religious Relations and the Challenge of Multiculturalism: Some Biblical Principles - Cornelis Van Dam, Canadian Reformed Theological Seminary, Canada -- 4. Creation and Covenant: God's Direct Relationship with the Non-Israelite Nations in the Old Testament - Robin Routledge, Mattersey Hall, UK -- 5. Models of Inclusion and Exclusion in Joshua - David Firth, Trinity College Bristol, UK; Research Associate of the University of the Free State, South Africa -- 6. Interreligious Relations in the Future as Described in the Latter Prophets - Markus Zehnder, EFT Leuven, Belgium -- 7. Religious Observance in Space and Time in Ancient Israel and Ancient Near East - Hallvard Hagelia, Ansgar School of Theology, Norway -- Part 2: New Testament and Greco-Roman Texts -- 8. Interreligious Encounters in the Book of Acts - Christoph Stenschke, University of South Africa, South Africa -- 9. Different Beliefs in the Rhetoric of the New Testament Letter to the Ephesians - Tor Vegge, University of Agder, Norway -- 10. Christians, Jews, and Pagans in the Book of Revelation: Persecution, Perseverance, and Purity in the Shadow of the Last Judgement - Eckhard J. Schnabel, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, USA -- 11. Acts of God in History According to Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Historiography - Armin Baum, Freie Theologische Hochschule Giessen, Germany -- Part 3: Reception History -- 12. Jonah and the Foreigners - Lena-Sofia Tiemeyer, Aberdeen University, UK -- 13. Hanina ben Dosa Heals from a Distance: A Case of Christian Influences upon Talmudic Judaism? - Hilde Brekke Møller, Norwegian School of Theology, Norway -- 14. Jesus in Islamic and Rabbinic Traditions - Craig A. Evans, Houston Baptist University, USA -- Part 4: Hermeneutical Reflections -- 15. The Word in Dialogue and Interreligious Relation - Jože Krašovec, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenia -- Index

The collapse of the totalitarian system and the disintegration of the Soviet Union took the West by complete surprise. For many years Western cooperation and West European integration proceeded on the assumption that the division of Europe and Germany would be there to stay. As a consequence, the Western states are now having great difficulties in adapting their cooperative arrangements to the challenges of a new European environment, and in coping with the political problems that had been swept under the carpet for the sake of preserving `bipolar stability'. In his new book, Alting von Geusau offers a fresh and timely analysis of Western cooperation from a post-totalitarian perspective. He reminds the reader of America's involvement and the tragic consequences of the two world wars. He explains why `the order of Yalta' was a myth and how the Soviet designs for Europe were ultimately defeated by civil resistance. Post-war American leadership created the free space for the remarkable growth of Western organisations and the dynamics of European integration. American and French policies of containment are reexamined for the same post-totalitarian perspective... and found in need to adapt to the new realities. In two final chapters, the author carefully reviews the agreements reached in the principal Western and European organizations between November 1989 and January 1992 with a view to adapting their tasks to the new Europe. He also underlines the emerging importance of a new partnership between the United States and united Germany. Combining historical, legal and political analysis, this new title is an important source of reference and a highly useful textbook for advanced students in European organization and Western cooperation. In addition it will be especially useful to training programmes for scholars, students and diplomats from East and Central Europe and the republics of the former Soviet Union

The article highlights the problems and prospects of establishing of criminal lability for Holodomor denial in the context of the experience of criminalizing genocide denial, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in European countries. Significant part of western researchers considers that the prosecution of persons who deny genocide should take place primarily in those countries where the mass extermination of large human groups took place in the past and whose society has knowledge of the relevant historical context. Criminalization of denials of genocide in European countries took place in stages. During the 1990s, France, Germany and Belgium established criminal liability for denying the crimes of the Third Reich, including the Holocaust. At the beginning of the XXI century several countries in Eastern and Southern Europe introduced responsibility for the denial of crimes committed by Nazi and communist totalitarian regimes. The next stage of the criminalization of genocide denial began in 2015–2016, it consisted in the establishment of a general ban on denial of all cases of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, without excluding. Spain, Italy, Germany and others countries of Europe adopted laws of this plan. Currently, international law does not require punishment for genocide denial, but there are noticeable trends leading to the establishment of such a universal norm. Between 2003 and 2008, the European Court of Human Rights and the European Parliament issued a series of decisions that justified the right of democratic countries to restrict freedom of speech on issues related to the denial of the Holocaust and others crimes of the Nazi totalitarian regime of the Third Reich. Genocide denial is a violation of the right to respect for human dignity – not only victims of genocide, but also their descendants are considered victims in cases of this kind.

This article surveys the fiction productions that received funding from Creative Europe's TV Programming scheme 2014-2020. Evaluating the geographical distribution of the funding and the genre-affiliation of the high-end TV productions that have received funding, it becomes evident that most of the funding went to North-Western Europe with Scandinavia and its "Nordic Noir" series surpassing Europe's big TV producing nations. The geographical and genre imbalances in the TV scheme must be seen in the light of the long-established close collaboration between Germany and primarily the Scandinavian countries and the profiled position of Scandinavian crime fiction, which appears to be the engine that drives forward international collaboration. This trend is an example of European policy dilemmas emerging from television's role in the intersection between economy and culture., North-European countries appear to have been well-equipped in advance to meet the criteria of Creative Europe through already established collaboration, while differences in the media systems and production cultures have kept producers in the South and East of Europe from even applying. The EU funding scheme may, in this way, have strengthened already strong relationships rather than creating new ones. ; This article surveys the fiction productions that received funding from Creative Europe's TV Programming scheme 2014–2020. The evaluation shows that most funding went to North-Western Europe with Scandinavia surpassing Europe's big TV producing nations. The geographical and genre imbalances in the TV scheme must be seen in the light of the long-established close collaboration between Germany and primarily the Scandinavian countries and the profiled position of 'Nordic Noir' crime fiction as the engine that drives forward international collaboration. This trend exemplifies European policy dilemmas emerging from television's role in the intersections of economy and culture. North-European countries appear well-equipped in advance to meet the ...