Suchergebnisse

Context: The topic of this paper is how mass emigration of skilled workers affects national policies, and employers' willingness to invest in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Poland. In the wake of EU enlargement in 2004, Poland became one of the biggest sending countries for skilled labour to Western European countries. These massive outflows of skilled labour, not compensated by adequate inflows of equally skilled workers, have led to serious skills shortages, especially in the construction sector. The paper investigates whether emigration and immigration constitute a driving force for institutional change of the Polish VET system, by analysing policy development and the attitudes of VET stakeholders towards contributing to VET. Approach: The paper focuses on the emigration of skilled construction workers in Poland. Drawing on Hirschman's (1970) framework, when faced with massive skills deficits construction companies are confronted with different options: i) withdraw from the VET system and find other training and recruitment options (exit), ii) attempt to improve conditions by turning to policy makers (voice), and/or iii) remain loyal to the VET system. The analysis is based on an interview study of decision makers responsible for VET policies, employers, chamber of Craft and trade unions, principals of vocational schools, teachers and representatives of regional examination boards. Findings: After years of inattention, VET has been regaining a strong position in national policies. We find that construction companies are mostly more willing now, compared to 5 years ago, to take on learners for practical training and to contribute to improving school equipment. The study showed that one of the most significant obstacles to employers investing in the training of VET learners is the fear of losing a young skilled employee through emigration. Yet, dependent on skilled labour, employers of big construction companies saw no other option than to continue investing in training young learners. However, smaller companies seeking the short-term benefits of employing low-cost labour are less interested in investing in VET. Conclusion: Despite a range of recent policy actions and legislative efforts, several major challenges in the Polish VET system remain unresolved. Continued effort to institutionalise and enhance dialogue between the education system and the labour market appears as the most pressing need. It is currently too early to determine the degree of "institutional stickiness" of the activities observed on the policy level and among employers regarding their increased interest in VET as a response to mass skilled emigration. ; publishedVersion

On a crucial issue, the first report of the IPCC speaks with two tongues. It expresses confidence in the greenhouse theory &, at the same time, says that evidence for the theory is indeterminate & inconclusive. This article addresses it-self to two candidates for an explanation. The first hypothesis builds on the straightforward observation that people do not always speak their mind. But there is little reason to believe that contradictions in text can be traced to scientists' concern about boosting the credentials of the greenhouse theory. The second candidate for an explanation, which is the main contribution of the article, says that scientists may be diverted from the concern about truth because they take on tasks that are extraneous to the role of scientist. Thus, members of the IPCC are charged with providing premises for climate policy, & this may have affected both their research & the presentation of its results. References. Adapted from the source document.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- WHO RULES IN SCIENCE -- 1. Scenes from the Science Wars -- 2. The Scientific Experience -- 3. How We Got to Where We Are -- 4. The Nihilist Wing of Social Constructivism -- 5. Three Key Terms -- 6. The Naturalist Wing of Social Constructivism -- 7. The Role of Reason -- 8. The Democratization of Science -- 9. Science with a Social Agenda -- Afterword -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Title from volume title page. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Publiée avec la collaboration des professeurs et des anciens élèves de l'Ecole libre des sciences politiques.

Part of a study made by the Institute for Research in Social Science under contract with the National Science Foundation. ; Bibliographies: p. 274-295. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The following contribution makes an effort to place the concept-cartoon-method into the context of social science education. Concept-cartoons (CCs) enable teachers to use the everyday life experiences and individual thoughts of the pupils as a positive enrichment tool within the learning processes. In this context, CCs are very suitable to function as a method to gain information about both the existing mental conceptions and the individual political judgment strategies. Through this, it is possible to put everyday life concepts and scientific knowledge in a constructive relationship, which finally enhances new learning objectives. First the article highlights the relevance of pupils' and teachers` concepts for judgment processes. On this basis the method of CCs is introduced and evaluatedDer folgende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den Möglichkeiten des methodischen Einsatzes von Concept-Cartoons im Rahmen sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts. Als Instrumentarium zur Diagnose von Schülervorstellungen und individuellen Urteilsstrategien, bieten Comic-Cartoons den Lehrkräften die Möglichkeit, den Unterricht entlang dieser lernrelevanten Perspektiven zu gestalten. Durch die konstruktive Verknüpfung von Alltagskonzepten und Fachkonzepten können auf diese Weise neue Chancen für nachhaltige Lehr- und Lernprozesse erschlossen werden. Innerhalb dieses Beitrags wird zunächst die Bedeutung von Schülervorstellungen und vorfachlichen Urteilsstrategien für wirksamen sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterricht geklärt. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine Einführung in die Methode "Concept-Cartoons". Abschließend werden exemplarisch drei von den Autoren gestaltete Cartoons vorgestellt.

Considers the labour problems confronting Guianese planters and their efforts to tap the seemingly inexhaustible source in India. Concludes that the attempt to introduce labour from the Bombay Presidency by private enterprise failed not because of a clash of interests between Bombay mill-owners and colonial planters but purely because the Bombay authorities deplored emigration overseas whatever the economic advantages. (Abstract amended)